MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI
A
Micro-Project Report
On

‘‘Study of management principles applied to a large scale

industries’’
SUBMITTED BY

Nikhil Rajaram Bodke

Vaibhav Madhukar Malkar

GUIDED BY
‘‘Miss. Kamble S. B’’

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

INDIRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (POLYTECHNIC),

VISHNUPURI, NANDED 431605

ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I offer my sincere thank with a deep sense of gratitude to my guide Miss. Kamble S.B
and Head of Department Mr. Syed Ateeq for their valuable direction and guidance to our
Micro project work. Their meticulous attention towards our Micro project without taking
of their voluminous work. I also thankful to our Professor Dr. Agarwal. E.S. for their
encouragement towards our Micro project. Last
Roll Name
but not least I also thank to all team members of
No.
my team for their valuable time and
consideration during this Micro Project Work. 01 Nikhil Rajaram Bodke

Sincerely 09 Vaibhav Madhukar Malkar

Program: Diploma in Computer Engineering

Class: CO-3nd (6th Semester)

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI

Certificate
CERTIFIED THAT THE MICRO-PROJECT REPORT ENTITLED

“Study of management principles applied to a large scale industries”

Is a Micro Project Work carried out by Mr. Vaibhav Madhukar Malkar and Mr.
Nikhil Rajaram Bodke in partial fulfilment for the award of Diploma in COMPUTER
ENGINEERING of the Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education. Mumbai
during the year 2022-23. It has been certified that all the corrections/suggestions
indicated for internal assessment has been incorporated in the report deposited in the
Departmental Library. The micro project report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of Micro-project for the Diploma.

(Miss. Kamble S.B) (Mr. Syed Ateeq) (Dr. Agarwal. E.S.)

Subject In-Charge HOD Principal

Evaluation sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2022-23 Name of Faculty: Miss. Kamble S.B.

Course: MGT Course Code: 22509 Semester: 6th

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 Title of the Project: ‘‘Study of management principles applied to a large scale
industries”

a) Practical Outcomes in Cognitive domain

1) Apply computer knowledge to solve the computer group related problems.
2) Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences and basic engineering to solve the
computer group related problems.

1) Follow precautionary measures.

2) Follow ethical practices.

Marks out of 4 for

Marks out of 6 for
performance in Total out
Roll No. Student Name performance in group
oral / presentation of 10
activity (D5 Col.8)
(D5 Col.9)
01 Nikhil Rajaram Bodke

09 Vaibhav Madhukar Malkar

(Name & Signature of Faculty)

Miss. Kamble S.B.

UNDERTAKING BY STUDENTS

We will preserve Micro-project and the report in our custody till end of completion
of our program submission. We assure that we will produce the same whenever we
or anybody from our group will be asked to produce it without any mistake.
iv
 Student Name Roll No. Signature
Nikhil Rajaram Bodke 01
Vaibhav Madhukar Malkar 09

v
 INDEX

Sr. No. Particulars Page No.

01 Heading i

02 Acknowledgement ii

03 Certificate iii

04 Evaluation Sheet iv

05 Undertaking By Students v

06 Index vi

07 Part A

08 Introduction 01
DFRWS investigative model
09 03

10 Abstract Digital Forensic Model 04

11 Part B

12 Digital evidence 07

13 Characteristics of Digital Evidence 08

14 Rule of Digital Forensics 08

15 Types of Evidences 09
Major Problem in Handling Digital Evidence
16 10

17 Volatile Evidence 12
 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my gratitude to my guide and teacher Kamble S.B. who provided me
the amazing opportunity to do this wonderful Micro-Project of the Course title ‘Study of
management principles applied to a large scale industries ’ (Course Management code: ) on
the topic Study of management principles 22509 ‘ applied to large scale industries’.
Secondly, I want to extend my sincere thanks to our Principal well as the Head of the
Department of Computer department who have been an invisible spirit and inspiration to
me throughout the process. Also, I w p members who helped me lo the limited time frame.

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 Part A
Title of the Micro-project: Study of management principles applied to large scale
industries.

1.0 Brief description: Management is essential to any organization that wishes to be

efficient and achieve its aims. Without someone in a position of authority there would be
organizational anarchy with no structure and very little, if any focus. In this project,
management principles applied in large scale industries is discussed.

2.0 Aim of the Micro-project: Study of management principles applied to large scale
industries.

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 Part B
(Outcomes after Execution)
Format of Micro project Report
Title of the Micro-project: Study of management principles applied to large scale industries.

1.0 Brief description: Management is essential to any organization that wishes to be efficient
and achieve its aims. Without someone in a position of authority there would be
organizational anarchy with no structure and very little, if any focus. In this project,
management principles applied in large scale industries is discussed.

2.0 Aim of the Micro-project: Study of management principles applied to a large scale of
industries.

3.0 Course Outcomes integrated:

Use basic management principles to execute daily activities.

4.0 Actual procedure followed: After forming the groups the students in the group started
to work on the MicroProject as guided by Miss. Kamble S.B. He advised us to collect the
materials as soon as possible to sort. Every team member helped in completing the project
as quick as possible. Firstly the data was collected through various sources such as books,
reference books available in library, internet etc. The collected content was analyzed and
edited with the help and guidance of the teacher. It was formulated again and again to give
the final touch. When it got completed, it was presented before the teacher for proof
reading and finalization. The teacher finalized it and advised us to compile the report in
proper format along with presentation.

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5.0 Actual resources used:

Sr. n Name of Specification Qty Remark

resource

1 Management Tech knowledge

publications
website

6.0 Outcomes of the Micro-project

6.1 About Large Scale industries:

There are different forms of business organizations ranging from a sole proprietorship to
large scale businesses that employ over a thousand employees. Based on the scale of the
business, various classifications can be done, such as small scale industries, large scale
industries, public enterprises and multinational corporations. Large scale industries are
referred to as those industries that are having huge infrastructure, raw material, high
manpower requirements and large capital requirements. Those organizations having a fixed
asset of more than 10 crore rupees are considered to be large scale industries. The growth
of the economy is very much dependent on these industries. Such industries work towards
bringing in foreign reserves, generating employment opportunities and paving the way for
economic growth

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6.2 principles of management

Division of work, also known as division of labour, involves dividing a job into

individual tasks. To increase efficiency, the division of work distributes different

tasks among members of a team. This also leads to specialization, accuracy,

and speed in the workforce. This principle can apply to both managerial and

technical tasks. For example, a food service employee may collect pre-prepared

food and put it in a bag, while another employee delivers the food to the

customer. Each action serves a distinct purpose, to fulfil a single task of

providing food to customers.

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 6.3 14 Principles of management by Henry Fayol:

Henry Fayol also known as the ‘father of modern management theory’ gave a new perception
of the concept of management. He introduced a general theory that can be applied to all
levels of management and every department. The Fayol theory is practised by the managers
to organize and regulate the internal activities of an organization. He concentrated on
accomplishing managerial efficiency.

1. Divison of work

Henri believed the worker will enhance the qu d that the division of work improves the
productivity, efficiency, accuracy and speed of the workers. This principle is appropriate for
both the managerial as well as a technical work level.

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2. Authority and Responsibility:

These are the two key aspects of management. Authority facilitates the management
to work efficiently, and responsibility makes them responsible for the work done
under their guidance or leadership.

3. Discipline:

Without discipline, nothing can be accomplished. It is the core value for any project
or any management. Good performance and sensible interrelation make the
management job easy and comprehensive. Employees good behaviour also helps
them smoothly build and progress in their professional careers.

4. Unity of Command-

This means an employee should have only one boss and follow his command. If an
employee has to follow more than one boss, there begins a conflict of interest and
can create confusion.

5. Unity of Direction-

Whoever is engaged in the same activity should have a unified goal. This means all
the person working in a company should have one goal and motive which will make
the work easier and achieve the set goal easily.

6. Subordination of Individual Interest-

This indicates a company should work unitedly towards the interest of a company
rather than personal interest. Be subordinate to the purposes of an organization. This
refers to the whole chain of command in a company.

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7. Remuneration-

This plays an important role in motivating the works of company.

8. Centralization-

In any company for the decision making process he size of an organization. Henri
Fayol stressed on the point that there should be a balance between the hierarchy and
division of power.

9. Scalar Chain-

Fayol on this principle highlights that the hierarchy steps should be from the top to
the lowest. This is necessary so that every employee knows their immediate senior
also they should be able to contact any, if needed.

10. Order-

A company should maintain a well-defined work order to have a favourable work

culture. The positive atmosphere in the workplace will boost more positive productivity.

11. Equity-

All employees should be treated equally and respectfully. It’s the responsibility of a manager
that no employees face discrimination.

12. Stability-

An employee delivers the best if they feel secure in their job. It is the duty of the

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 management to offer job security to their employees.

13. Initiative-

The management should support and encourage the employees to take initiatives in
an organization. It will help them to increase their interest and make then worth.

14. Esprit de Corps-

It is the responsibility of the management to motivate their employees and be

supportive of each other regularly. Developing trust and mutual understanding will
lead to a positive outcome and work environment.

The 14principles of management are used to manage an organization and are

beneficial for prediction, planning , decision-making, organization and process
management control and coordination.

6.4 Primary principles of production Management in large scale industries:

 Shorter set-up times.

By their nature, all set-up processes result in waste; they tie up labour and equipment
without adding value. Training, improved efficiency, and giving workers
accountability for their own set-ups allows to slash the set-up times.

 Empowering employees.

Dividing a workforce into small teams and giving them accountability for
housekeeping and various other tasks has been shown to improve efficiency. Teams
are assigned leaders, and the workers within those teams are trained on maintenance

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issues allowing them to deal with dela – ys in the production process immediately.

 Equipment Maintenance

Workers on the line are best placed to deal with mechanical breakdowns and
subsequent repairs. They can react to issues quickly and often without supervision,
which allows the production process to restart far more quickly after a shutdown.

 Management skill

Possessing management skill is generally considered a requirement for success. An

effective manager is the manager who is able to master four basic types of skills:
technical, conceptual, interpersonal, and decision making.

 Technical skills

These skills are mostly related to working with processes or physical objects.
Engineering, accounting and computer programming are examples of technical skills.
Technical skills are particularly important for first-line managers are much less
important at the top management level.

 Decision making

The ability to identify a problem or an opportunity, creatively develop alternative

solutions, select an alternative, delegate authority to implement a solution, and
evaluate the solution.

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6.5 How principles are applied in the large scale industry:

1) Providing managers with useful insights into reality:

The principles of management provide the managers with useful insights into real
world situations. Adherence to these principles will add to their knowledge,
ability and understanding of managerial situations and circumstances. It will also
enable managers to learn from past mistakes and conserve time by solving
recurring problems quickly. As managerial discretion is bounded by the principle
of contribution to organizational objectives.

2) Scientific decisions:

Decision must be based on facts, thoughtful and justifiable in terms of the

intended purposes. They must be timely, realistic and subject to measurement and
evaluation management.

3) Meeting changing environment requirements:

Although the principles are in the nature of general guidelines but they are
modified and as such help managers to meet changing requirements af the
environment. You have already studied that management principles are flexible
to adapt to dynamic business environment. For example, Management principles
emphasize division of work and specialization. In modern times this principle has
been extended to the entire business whereby companies are specialising in their
core competency and divesting non-core businesses. In this context, one may
citethe decision of Hindustan Lever Limited in divesting non-core businesses of
chemicals and seeds. Some companies are outsourcing their non-core activities
like share-transfer management and advertising to outside agencies. So much so,
that even core processes such as R&D, manufacturing and marketing are being

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 outsourced today.

4) Fulfilling social responsibility:

The increased awareness of the public, forces businesses especially limited

companies to fulfil their social responsibilities. Management theory and
management principles have also evolved in response to these demands.
Moreover, the interpretation of the principles also assumes newer and
contemporary meanings with the change in time. So, if any were to talk of equity
today, it does not apply to wages alone. Value to the customer, care for the
environment, dealings with business associates would all come under the purview
of this principle as an application.

5) Management training, education and research:

Principles of management are at the core of management theory. As such these

are used as a basis for management training, education and research. You must be
aware that entrance to management institutes is preceded by management
aptitude tests. Do you think that these tests could have been developed without an
understanding of management principles and how they may be applied in
different situations? These principles provide basic groundwork for the
development of management as a discipline. Professional courses such as MBA
(Master of Business Administration), BBA (Bachelor of Business
Administration) also teach these principles as part of their curriculum at the
beginner's level.

These principles enable refinement of management practices as weil by

facilitating the development of new management techniques. Thus, we see that
techniques like Operations Research (OR), cost accounting, ‘Just in Time’,
‘Kanban’ and ‘Kaizen’ have developed due to further research on these
principles. In conclusion it can be said that understanding the meaning, nature
and significance of principles of management will help us to appreciate their
applicability in real life situations. As stated at the beginning of the chapter,

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management principles have undergone a long history of evolution. And, they
continue to evolve. What follows is a description of the management principles
pertaining to the classical school; more precisely, those propounded by F.W.
Taylor Henri Fayol.

6.6 Example:

Toyota follows certain defined business principle guiding Its functioning.

These are:

1. Honor the language and spirit of law of every nation and undertake open and
fair corporate activities to be a good corporate citizen around the world.

2. Respect the culture and customs of every nation and contribute to economic
and social development through corporate activities in local communities.

3. To provide clean and safe products and to enhance the quality of life
everywhere.

4. Create and develop advanced technologies and provide outstanding products

and services that fulfil the needs of customers worldwide.

5. Faster a corporate culture that enhances individual creativity and teamwork

value, while honoring mutual trust and respect between management and labor.

6. Pursue growth and harmony with global community through innovative

management.

7. Work with business partners in research and creativity to achieve stable, long-
term growth and mutual benefits and be open to new partnerships.

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 These principles, will guide the company in its global vision.

7.0 Conclusion:

1) It has been said that management has four basic functions planning, – organizing, leading
and controlling.

2) Common sense dictates that without these principles of management being in place an
organization would have trouble achieving its aims, or even coming up with aims in the first
place.

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