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    JOSEFINA FA

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    of 140
    PRINCIPIUM SAPIENTIZ PRINCIPIUM SAPIENTIA THE ORIGINS OF GREEK PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT F.M, CORNFORD, CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1952 Tandon Ofc: Brey Howe, 1-1 ‘Azo fo Cn a, nd Pak: Mecmion Prelit Bi he Univer Pe, Combe (date Cate, Uso Prise) CONTENTS PREFACE page vii PART t EMPIRICISM VERSUS INSPIRATION 1. Problems and aims of ancient natura philosophy 3 Ml Epicuras 2 IIL The empirical theory of knowledge a IV Annness 4s V_ Seer, poet, philosopher @ VE Shamanism 88 ‘VIL The philosopher as succes of the ser-poet 107 ‘VII The quarrel ofthe seer and the philosopher 7 IX The quart of philosophy and poetry us PART IL PHILOSOPHICAL COSMOGONY AND ITS ORIGINS IN MYTH AND RITUAL X Anaximander’ system 139 “XI Patrem of nian cosmogony 187 XIL_ Hesiod’s Hymn eo Zeus 202 XIN Life sory of Zeus a4 XIV_Cosmogonical myth and ritual 2s XV_ The Hymn to Marduk and the Hymn to Zeus 239 XVI "The Canaanite myth and the Palestinian ritual 250 AprxDIx as7 ‘OEnmRAL INDEX 261 INDEX OF CREBK WoRDS an PREFACE HE work on which Comford was engaged ais death was ‘one by which he himself ser great store. Asacomparatvely ‘young man he had seed, in From Religion to Philosophy, «olay bare the prephilosophical origins of philosophy among the Grecks, That book contains much that is sill of value, but the progres of discovery and che increasing maturity ofis own mind and enrichment of its store of reading and meditation had made him keenly aware thatafreshapproach wasnecessary. The problem iself was one which absorbed him above allochers in ltr s in earlier life; and che present work represents the results of his atest researches and reflexions upon it ‘The manuscript of the book, which is unfinished, was sub- rmited to Profesor E.R. Dodds inorder that the decision —aays a difficult one—whether to publi it posthumously should not be taken on one man’s opinion alone. Afr reading it Professor Dodds wrote: ‘Iam strongly of the opinion that it ought to be published as soon as possible. ...Comnford would doubsless have palled the threads together in a final chapter. He might also have provided certanratherthinchapterswith moteillustrative material. But even as it stands the book seems ro me to throw important new light on the origins of Greck philosophical thinking, and ie certainly contains pages as brillant as any that he ever wrote." He remarked, in addition, how Comford’s theory of the oriental ‘xign of certain myths in Hesiod’s Theogony seems to have been confirmed, in a way which would have delighted him, by the publication ofthe Hitste-Hurrian Epic of Kunarbi. (See his note ‘on p. 249, below.) The question ofthe geieral origin of myth in ritual, and of the oriental, and ultimately ritual origin of certain Greck myths in particular, illuminated as they have been by important additions to out collection of ancient Near Easter religious texts, are unde lively discussion today.* These questions * Compare, fr example, R Dus, Les Andes Onetcs d e Thlo= ove Pidods, Brose, vl pp. 37-3 elena ter Theodore ise’ book Then 195, dee wih the me problens ad ha fall Uiogrpby. PREFACE ‘oom large in the second part ofthe presen book, and Cornford's contribution to their development is certainly not one which should be withheld, ‘The final extant chapter (ch. xv) is evidently incomplete, and there are some rough notes in manuscript fo two more, with the tiles ‘Suppression of Death and Resurrection of the God” and “India and China’. Since, however, the notes which the author lefe under the headings of the completed chapters do not always correspond to the contents of the chapters as waittn, but rather suggest earlier and abandoned schemes, it seemed wisest not t0 attempt any reconstruction. Though adding to the material, the notes do not strengthen the main argument. ‘The book appears to fill naturally into two parts, and an in- tention 50 to divide i is pethaps indicated by the opening words of Chapter x. This division has therefore been adopted. The fst partis complete and speaks for itself The argument ofthe second 4s also not difficult extract, but since the author did not live to make a final summing-up, I have tried to summarize the main ideas in an appendix, using as far as posible notes left by the author himself W. KC. GUTHRIE Jones PART 1 EMPIRICISM VERSUS INSPIRATION PROBLEMS AND AIMS OF ANCIENT NATURAL PHILOSOPHY 'Nhisadmirable survey of Hippocratic Medicine," W. A. Heidel defended the ancient Greck men of since against the charge that they ‘were not in the habic of experimenting or that, ifand when they did it ‘watsolely in theinteest of confirming conclusion arrived at by abetract, reasoning. Thus Bacon, in the Novum Organ, aserted that we should giveno weight co he fic that Artodle in some of his works was com ‘cemed with experiments, because he had formed hie conclsions before and made experiment conform with what he withed. In another con nexion Bacon refered, obviously as confiematory evidence for his contention, tothe circumstance that Arstode cited very few authorities and when he did so that he mentioned them only in order to refute or ifr from them. In reply, Heidel alleges the obvious fact that Bacon knew lite ‘of the way the human mind actually works’—a rather surprising charge to bring against the author of the Esays and of the Aphorisms on the four kinds of idol— wing metering dn od places a ee recnacae cetera Scone ering enn differences, dlasifying and forming hypotheses which are tested and. Soy eerie pier terete igo hier meres Sanday ci aeesreeaunnmmcee

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