Cless JEE_CDF =oLYMPIAD=

Bovie-vant Hoff law: PV = constant or rV= constant.

Gay-Lussac-Vant Hoff law P « CT P = KCT
Avogadro-Vant Hoff law: PV = nST

31
31 CT, =CRT (Vant Hoff equation);

Relation of osmotic pressure with different colligative properties

dRT
a Osmotic pressure and boiling point elevation AT: ** alb *1000 K

dRT
b Osmotic pressure z and freezing point depression AT: *=a * 1000K

Relation between osmotic pressure and lowering of vapour pressure.

dRT

32
32. Colligative properties Number of particles.
Number of molecules (in case of non-electrolytes).
Number of ions (In case of electrolytes)
Number of moles of solute.
Mole fraction of soiute.
3 Vant Hoff introduced a factor i' called Vant Hoff's factor. It is ratio of the
normal and observed molecular masses of the solute.

Normal molecular mass

Observed molecular mass
35. Degree of dissociation (a)=

Degree of assoication fa) =-

36 1-1/n
Vant Hoff factor modifies the equations for the colligative properties as follows
37
i) Relative lowering of vapour pressure p=1As
P
i) Elevation of boiling point (A7,)=i K,m

ii Depression in freezing point(4T, }=i K,m

iv) Osmotic pressure Il= inRT

V
=iCRT
»n=iCRT

95
araya 1a cro cSchoois
 THERM Class
System : It is defined aas INAMICS JEE_CDF=
1 matter u n d e r
experimentalspecified
investigation.
part of
The rest of
Surroundings: The of . rest universe or

withthe systemiis universe other

surroundings. than
specified portiurtion of
thing which
ndary::anything system which
3 oes
Types of
o system separates system and can
interact
4. tem: This
system:
This type of surroundings bounda is
oundary
Isolated

i)
system: This system has
no
i ) Closed

and type of interaction with

heat, work radiations system can
i ) Open syste eustem This type
but not
exchange
matter with energy surroundings.
in the
form of
1matter
of
surroundings system can exchange
with
surroundings.
of
5.
Properties:
the Properties whose
nt in the
present
energy as well as
matter
system. magnitude depends
6.
rOperties:
Intensive properties:
system.Properties which
quantity of on
present in the
presc don't depend on
tion: Fundan.
State function:
Fundamental quantity of matter
1 state referred
as properties
state which
tem
tem are

Eg: Pressure, re, Temperature, functions. determined the state of sys

Volume, Internal
energy. energy, Enthalpy,
nction: property of
Path functior The Entropy, Free
8. thatsubstance is derived.
a
substance that depends on the
mple: Work, heat, Heat
Examp
path i.e how
heat capacities etc. capacities like Molar heat
rarmodynamic capacities, specific
9.
#he state of the Process: The operation which
system is termed brings about
Tanthermal
as
thermodynamic process. the changes in
throughoutProcess:A
10 process in
the studies. For an which temperature of system does not
isothermal
process change
a) Temperature remains constant,
aT =0
b) Heat is exchanged with
c
surroundings.
System is placed in a constant
temperature bath i.e. thermo state.
d) Change in Internal energy 0 (only for =
ideal gases) i.e. AE 0o =
11. Adiabatic Process: A process in which
surroundings does not take place. exchange of heat between systemna
For an adiabatic process
a) No exchange of heat takes place ie. q 0 =

b) The temperature of the system varies.

c) The system is thermally isolated this can be
insulated container. don by keeping the system in an
96
Narayana Group of Schools