Chapter 1 and 2

1
Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Main Campus Tanay, Rizal
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The Philippine native chicken is an important livestock resource. It provides
livelihood in terms of additional income, food security, and opportunity to convert
by-products into high value products. With its quality meat and distinct taste, native
chicken has established a niche market and is seemingly unaffected by
competitive markets. This makes native chicken production on top investment
option for small and medium entrepreneurs. (Investment Guide for native chicken,
2019)
Some of the popular native chicken breeds include Banaba from Batangas,
Bolinao from Pangasinan, Camarines from Bicol, Darag from Iloilo, Joloano from
Basilan and and Praokan from Palawan. (Magazine Agriculture, 2018)
Along with Parawakan chickens, Darag chickens are some of the most popular
native chicken breeds among Filipinos that want to go into native chicken farming.
Similarly, they are also popular among people that want to start a free-range
chicken farming venture in the Philippines. Having evolved from the Red Jungle
fowl (Gallus gallus bankiva), darag chickens are indigenous to – and still can be
found mostly in – the Western Visayas region of the Philippines.
Some of the defining characteristics of this strain of chickens include a
single comb, a whiteish earlobe, and a gray shank. Furthermore, the female
2

chickens – oftentimes simply referred to as “Darag” – are typically yellowish-
brown in color. And the males – or simply “Alimbuyog” or “Labuyo” – typically
have black feathers and tails, and redwings and hackles. In terms of their weight,
while females average 1 kilogram when they reach adulthood, males average
about 1.3 kilograms. (Poultry Manual, 2021)
Farming native Darag chicken doesn’t require the same strict biosecurity
and feeding standards as farming commercial varieties, especially as a contract
farmer, would. Darag native chickens are also lower maintenance compared to
commercial breeds. They can live in a natural hardy environment without any
special housing and feeds requirements. Plus, the process of natural selection
ensured that the Darag chickens are highly resistant to diseases. As such, they
have excellent survivability, and they can thrive even in the harshest
environments of the Philippines where commercial breeds would rarely stand a
chance. (Business Diary Ph, 2020)
Darag chickens have better nutritional composition, which is largely a result
of the fact that while the commercial breeds are often raised indoors with high
stocking density and fed with a regular formulated diet, the native chickens are
raised in free-range – and often organic – conditions. That in turn means that
rather than eating formulated diet, they are exposed to natural nutrients such as
grubs, worms, legumes, grass, and so on. (Poultry Manual, 2020)

3

One of the reasons that the native chicken is regaining their popularity in
the Philippines is the fact that they have a unique, and arguably better, taste as
compared to the commercial varieties. That applies to both their meat and their
eggs. Filipinos started craving the taste of this traditional Darag chicken. As such,
a sizable niche market for Darag chicken products has formed. (DTI, 2006)
But despite of the above mentioned the barriers to entry into farming
native chicken are much lower although native chicken products can fetch good
prices in the market. It is because although native chicken can live in a natural
hardy environment without any special housing and feeds requirements, they are
lacking on nutrients in order for them to gain weight and to have a better
production. (Poultry Manual, 2021)
Background and Purpose of the Study
As an important livestock resource and livelihood to about 2.5 million
Filipinos, production of native chicken is a great investment. (Investment Guide
for native chicken, 2019)
From the market price of dressed native chicken costs PHP253.26 per kg
and PHP195 per kg of live weight it is truly that native chicken farming is a good
start. (Philippine News Agency, 2020)
But despite of that, the biggest disadvantage of farming native chicken is
the difficulty of getting consistent results in terms of production cycles, egg sizes
4

and colors, and meat amount. One of the main reasons is that, they are lacking
on nutrients in order for them to gain weight. (Poultry Manual, 2021)
The solution in overcoming the lack of nutrients is to supply the native
chicken with commercial poultry feed that is rich in nutrients. But supplying the
native chicken with the highest quality commercial poultry feeds is a big problem
to the raisers because of its high cost. (Bentoli’s Top 9 livestock Feed Additives,
2018)
Aside from that, the expected increase in poultry production has a direct
effect on the availability and price of feed. From 2005 to 2015 the price of maize
has increased by 71%, according to USDA (2015). This indicates the importance
of alternative supplement feeds to replace the regularly used sources in poultry
diets. The processing of roots and tubers and fruits for food and industrial uses
results in the disposal of the low economic value residues in the form of peels
and pulps. Banana Peel has the potential and contains nutritional value that the
native chicken needs. Utilization of these residues as feedstuffs will also have
a positive impact on the environment. (The Value of Peels in Poultry Diets, 2019)
Banana is one of the earliest crops cultivated in the history of human
agriculture. The origin of this particular plant family stretches from India to Papua
New Guinea which includes the Southeast Asian region (Arvanitoyannis and
Mavromatis 2009; De Lange et al. 2009). Its mass cultivation and consumption
in the recent decades made it the world second largest fruit crop with an
5

estimated gross production exceeds 139 million tones (FAO 2010). World
leading banana and plantain producers are India, China, Uganda, Ecuador,
Philippines, and Nigeria. Most of the edible bananas are cultivated mainly for
their fruits, thus banana farms could generate several tons of underused
byproducts and wastes. Therefore, without proper agricultural waste
management practice, huge amount of valuable untapped commodity will be
lost and causing serious ecological damages (Essien et al. 2005; Shah et al.
2005; Yabaya and Ado 2008). Utilizing its peel as a feed supplement can help
to lessen its waste that can caused serious ecological damages.
Banana peels contain 6-9% crude protein and 20-30% NDF on dry
matter basis (Emaga et al. 2011). Green plantain (close relative of banana)
peels contain 40% starch that is fully transformed into sugars after ripening,
while banana peels contain much less starch (about 15%) when green and end
up with 30% free sugars when ripe. Lignin content also increases with ripening
(from 7 to 15% DM). Plantain peels contain less fibre than bananas (Emaga et
al. 2011). Banana peels are widely used by smallholders as complementary
feeds for cattle and small ruminants in the tropics (Onwuka et al., 1997; Emaga
et al. 2011).
In a study done by FAS et al. (2015), feeding broilers on diets containing
10% banana peels caused no adverse effect on performance. Another study
was conducted by H.G Araya, et.al in the year 2021 concluded that banana peel
6

can include up to 25 % in chicken diet without causing adverse effects on their
performance.
However, there are still limited studies on banana peel as a feed
supplement in the native chicken. This inspired the researcher to pursue the study
and design the experiment to provide relevant results that may benefit people
engaged in research and production on a large or small scale.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the growth performance of darag chicken
(gallus domesticus) supplemented with varying levels of banana peel.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the Growth performance of darag chicken (gallus domesticus)
supplemented with varying levels of banana peel in terms of:
1.1 Average feed consumption
1.2 Average gain in weight
1.3 Average feed conversion efficiency
1.4 Average weight
1.5 Average daily gain in weight
2. What is the economic profitability of producing darag chicken (gallus
domesticus) supplemented with varying levels of banana peel in terms of?
2.1 Return on investment
2.2 Feed cost per kilogram

7

2.3 Cost per kilogram of live weight produced
3. Is there a significant difference in the growth performance of darag
chicken (gallus domesticus) supplemented with varying levels of banana
peel?
Objectives of the Study
This research aims to determine the growth performance of darag chicken
(gallus domesticus) supplemented with varying levels of banana peel in terms of
finding the average feed consumption, average gain weight, average feed
conversion efficiency, and its final weight. As well as the economic profitability of
producing darag chicken (gallus domesticus) in terms of return on investment, feed
cost per kilogram produced, and cost per kilogram of live weight will also
determine.
Hypothesis
Based on the problem stated, the null hypotheses will be formulated:
There is no significant difference in the growth performance of darag chicken
(gallus domesticus) supplemented with varying levels of banana peel in terms of
size and weight.
Assumption
It will be assumed that supplementing banana peel at varying levels can
improved the growth performance of the darag chicken (gallus domesticus) in
terms of its daily gain weight.

8

Conceptual Framework
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Growth Performance of
Growth performance of Darag Chicken:
darag chicken (gallus
domesticus) • Average Feed
supplemented with Consumption
varying levels of • Average Gain in
banana peel Weight
• Average Feed
Treatment 1: Pure Conversion
commercial feeds Efficiency
• Average Weight
Treatment 2: 10%
• Average daily
banana peel of the total gain in weight
weight of feeds that will • Return of
be consumed. Investment
Treatment 3: 25% • Feed cost per
banana peel of the total Kilogram
weight of feeds that will produced
• Cost per
be consumed.
Kilogram of Live
Weight produced
FEEDBACK
Figure 1
Conceptual Model of the Study

9

Conceptual Paradigm of the Study
The paradigm shows the systematic approach of the independent and
dependent variables in the study. The independent variable corresponds to the
varying levels of banana peel that will be given to the darag chicken per treatment.
The dependent variable shows the parameters such as the growth performance
of darag chicken in terms of average feed consumption, the average gain in
weight, average weight, average feed conversion efficiency, average daily gain in
weight, return on investment, feed cost per kilogram, and cost per kilogram of live
weight produced. The feedback mechanism shows the relationship between the
independent variables, which will be the three (3) varying levels of banana peel.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study will determine the growth performance of darag chicken (gallus
domesticus) supplemented with varying levels of banana peel. The study will be
conducted at Sitio Bugarin Barangay Halayhayain, Pililia Rizal. The study will use
an experimental method of research, which will be laid out in a completely
randomized design (CRD) with one hundred eight (108) heads of darag chicken.
It will randomly distributed to three (3) treatments with three (3) replications of
twelve (12) heads.
The researcher will evaluate the growth performance of darag chicken by
the following: average feed consumption, average gain in weight, average weight,
average feed conversion efficiency, average daily gain in weight, return on

10

investment, feed cost per kilogram, and as well as the economic profitability of in
terms of: return of investment, feed cost per kilogram, and cost per kilogram of live
weight produced.
Definition of Terms
To facilitate better understanding of the study, the following terms will be
conceptually and operationally defined:
Darag – Native chicken breed originates from Panay Island in the Western
Visayas. (Poultry Site, 2020)
Native Chicken – chicken that is typically raised in the backyard.
Free–Range – a system of production that raises chickens in a confined
environment while allowing the birds to exhibit their natural behavior. (PNS/BAFS
– Free-Range Chicken)
Ranging Area – a place where chickens can freely move in a confined
environment.
Ranging Net – a net that surrounds to the ranging area.
Feed Formulation – the process of quantifying the amount of feed ingredients that
need to be combined to form single uniform mixture (diet) for poultry supplies all
of their nutrient requirements. (Poultry Hub, 2018)
Supplementation - It is the process of adding specific nutrients to animal food
and/or water to augment levels of certain nutrients in the whole diet or make up for
a deficiency are also used to improve digestive functions, promote vitality,

11

regenerate liver and maintain balance of the body.
Banana Peel – outer covering of banana fruit.
Commercial Feeds – any mixed ration for animal feeding, offered for sale on the
open market. (Merriam – Webster).
Weight Gain – an increase in the bodyweight of the chicken.
Poultry – domestic fowl, such as chickens.
Poultry Farming – the process of raising domestic fowl such as chicken, reared
for their eggs or meat.

12

Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH AND SOURCES OF DATA
This chapter presents the research method and design, experimental lay-
out, setting of the study, subject of the study, research procedures of the study,
materials and tools of the study, data gathering procedures, and the statistical
treatment to be use.
Research Method and Design
The experimental research method will be used in the study. It will be
laid out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with one hundred eight (108)
heads of darag chicken, which will be distributed into three (3) treatments with
three (3) replications of twelve (12) heads to test the growth performance of
darag chicken supplemented with varying levels of banana peel.
The experimental treatments will be as follows:
Treatment 1: Pure commercial feeds
Treatment 2: 10% banana peel of the total weight of feeds that will be
consumed.
consumed.
In the study of Abel Fas, et.al in the year 2015, they concluded that the
banana peel can be included in the broiler feed up to 10% inclusion without any
adverse effect on the performance of the broiler birds. Another study was
13

conducted by H.G Araya, et.al in the year 2021 and concluded that banana peel
can include up to 25 % in chicken diet without causing adverse effects on their
performance. The amount of banana peel that served as a treatment will be
based from the previous study mentioned.
Experimental Layout
The experiment will cover a total area of 70 sq.m. Since the darag chicken
is categorized as native chicken, the housing to be used will be semi-confined
indoor housing. The dimensions of the area will be 10 m. in length and 7m. in
width. There will be nine (9) semi-confined indoor housing, with a 6 sq.m total
area. The indoor house will be 2 m. in height, 1 m in width, and 2 m. in length.
Thus, it will have a ranging area having a 2x2 m dimension. Each housing will
capable of confining twelve (12) heads of darag chicken which will be distributed
into three (3) treatments with three (3) replications. The size is in accordance with
the recommended space requirement by Philippine National Standard ICS
65.020.30– Free Range Chicken.

14

Figure 2
Experimental Layout the Study
Setting of the Study
The study will be conducted in Sitio Bugarin, Brgy. Halayhayin Pililia, Rizal. The
selected site is accessible to clean water. The selected site is shaded by trees,
lightly grassy, and far from roads and train tracks with high traffic. It has two distinct
weather conditions: dry from December to May and wet throughout the remaining
months. The temperature typically varies from 72 ֠ F to 93 ֠ F and is rarely below
69 ֠ F or above 97 ֠ F (Rizal Provincial Planning Office).

15

TESTING SITE
Figure 4
Vicinity Map of the Study

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Subject of the Study
The study will use one hundred eight (108) darag chicken ages 4 weeks
old to be supplemented with varying levels of banana peel through their daily
feeds.
Figure 5
Darag Chicken
“Darag” is a general term used for the Philippine native chicken strain
indigenous to and most dominant in the Western Visayas. It evolved from the
Red Jungle fowl (Gallus gallus bankiva). The male locally called ‘labuyo’ has
red wings and hackle and black feathers and a tail. The female also called
‘darag’, is typically yellowish-brown. The comb is single, the earlobe is whitish
and the shank is gray for both males and females. The adult male weighs an
average of 1.3 kg while the female weighs an average of 1.0 kg. (DTI, 2006).
Dressed native chicken costs PHP253.26 per kg and PHP195 per kg of live
weight. (PNA, 2020)

17

Figure 6
Banana Peel
The metabolisable energy content of banana peels ranges from 11.6-
14.0 MJ/Kg in the unripe and ripe peels, respectively. The peel contains
catechins which possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cholesterol emic
activities. Tannins have been reported to be the major anti-nutritional factor in
banana peels. (all about feed, 2019). Banana peels are a good source of
minerals, especially potassium and sodium, and have a fiber content of around
30% compared to the fiber content of around 45% in most grass species. This
gives the peels an improved digestibility and subsequently an elevated intake
compared to those of grasses (60.6% digestibility of DM and 58.6% digestibility
of organic matter). They also contain various types of vitamins such as A, B1,
18

B2, and C, and are extremely rich in harmless starch, which is impervious to α-
amylase and gluco-amylase because of its high level of crystalline characteristic
structure. ( Dairy Global, 2021)
Research Procedure
The following activities will be done during the experiment:
Selection of Site
The researcher chose to conduct the study at Sitio Bugarin, Brgy.
Halayhayin Pililia, Rizal. The selected site is accessible to water shaded with
trees, lightly grassy, and far from roads and train tracks with high traffic. An all-
weather road that is based on the quality standards set by the Bureau of
Agriculture and Fisheries (BAFS).
Construction of Semi-Confined Indoor House
The experiment will cover a total area of 70 sq.m. Since the darag
chicken is categorized as native chicken, the housing to be used will be semi-
confined indoor housing. The dimensions of the area will be 10 m. in length
and 7m. in width. There will be nine (9) semi-confined indoor housing, with a
six 6 sq.m total area. The indoor house will be 2 m. in height, 1 m in width, and
2 m. in length. Thus, it will have a ranging area having a 2x2 m dimension.
Each housing will capable of confining twelve (12) heads of darag chicken
which will be distributed into three (3) treatments with three (3) replications.
The measurements of the design were based on the Philippine National

19

Standard 262-2018: Free Range Chicken and Philippine Agricultural
Engineering Standard 402 and 403: Housing for Broiler and Layer Production.
For housing; 6heads of chicken per square meter. For ranging area; 3 heads
of chicken per square meter.
The researcher opted to have nine (9) semi-confined indoor houses and
each house will be made up of the following: four (4) pcs. of Kalap woods with
73 mm diameter and a height of eight (8) ft. will serve as the post of the housing.
Nineteen (19) pcs of kalap woods with 33 mm diameter and a height of eight ft.
will serve as the body frame, door frame, and aerial perch. Seventy-nine (79)
pcs of bamboo split having a dimension of 1 inch by 5.9 ft will serve as the
sidewall of the indoor house. Thirty-six pcs. of a bamboo split with 1 inch by 2 ft
dimension will be used as a wall on the lower back, and another seventy-nine
pcs. of a bamboo split with 1 inch by 3 ft dimension will also use on the back
upper wall of the indoor house. Another forty pcs. of a bamboo split with 1 inch
by 6.5 ft. dimension will also use to make a chicken perch inside the house. The
roof of the indoor house will be made up of nipa. Another seven pcs. of kalap
woods with 33 mm diameter by 8 ft tall will use as a hanger of a ranging net. A
ranging net with a dimension of 1-inch hole by 8ft high and 13 m long will serve
as a fence of the semi-confined indoor housing.

20

Figure 7
Isometric view of semi-confined Indoor house with ranging area
Figure 8
Isometric back view of semi-confined Indoor house

21

Figure 9
Isometric view of semi-confined Indoor house
Cleaning and Waste Management
A cleaning and waste management procedure will be the priority of the
researcher before and during the study period at the experimental site. The
premises will be kept clean and free of potential conditions conducive to pests,
parasites, and disease outbreaks. This will avoid negative effects on the darag
chicken, the environment's health, and the neighbors. The researcher will collect
the chicken manure using a broomstick and dustpan 10:00 am in the morning
22

every after three days and will put it in a compost pit.
Preparation of Feeders and Waterers
The researcher will be using a bamboo with a size of 3 inches in diameter by
1-meter-long to be cut in half and used as a feeder while a 2000 ml plastic
waterer will be bought. This will be placed for each housing.
Figure 10
Bamboo Feeder
Figure 11
Plastic Waterer
23

Selection of Stocks
One hundred eight (108) darag chicken will be produced by the
researcher for the researcher is already a darag chicken farmer. It will be
put in the semi-confined indoor housing at age of four weeks old. For the
researcher’s deciding that the ideal age of chicks to be used should be at
least 4 weeks old, and free of any diseases and deformities.
Gathering of Banana Peel
The researcher will be collecting the banana peel in the local farmer of
Brgy. Halayhayin Pililia Rizal. It is to ensure that the banana peel to be
used is free from any chemicals so that the possibility of contamination will
be avoided. After collecting, it will be chopped into tiny pieces and will
mixed to the commercial feeds in accordance to the treatment.
Application of Treatments
The researcher will be using banana peel as supplement in the diet of
Darag Chicken. The experimental treatments will be as follows:
Treatment 1: Pure commercial feeds
consumed.
consumed.
24

Mixing of feeds with a 25 % and 10 % amount of banana peel in the
total weight of feeds will be done 5:00 in afternoon. The collected banana peel
will be chopped into tiny pieces and will mixed into the commercial feeds.
According to the Business Diary Ph, the right time to feed the native chickens is
between 7:00 to 8:00 in the morning and 3:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon.
Therefore, the application of treatments will be done at 7:30 in the morning and
4:00 in the afternoon.
Marketing
The researcher will be selling the darag chicken depend upon the demand
of the client if it is dressed or in live weight. Dressed native chicken costs
PHP253.26 per kg and PHP195 per kg of live weight. (PNA, 2020)
Materials to be Used in the Study
The following are the materials and tools to be used in the study:
Cleaning and Waste Management Materials. These will keep the area clean,
like a broom, dustpan, sack, and powdered soap will be used.
Digital Weighing Scale. This will be used to measure the weight of the feeds,
the banana peel, and the weight of the darag chicken.
Recording Materials – such as notebook, paper, and ballpen. This will be used
to keep all the data that will be gathered.
Pail – this will serve as the mixing container of the feeds and banana peel.
25

Plastic Waterer- this will serve as a water container to be drink by the chicken
darag.
Bamboo Split – will be used as the wall of the semi-confined indoor house.
Kalap Woods – this will serve as a door frame, house frame and post of the
semi-confined indoor house.
Construction materials – such as nails, hammer, and saw. This will be used
to construct the semi-confined indoor house.
Bamboo – this will serve as a feeder inside the semi-confined indoor house.
Ranging net – will serve as a fence of the semi-confined indoor house.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher will be gathering the data daily, weekly and monthly to
determine the following:
1. Average feed consumption
It is the average amount of the feeds that consumed by the darag chicken.
It will be gathered and computed daily. There will be a 5 kg mixture in each
treatment every week, from that the researcher will observed and list the feed
consumption of the darag chicken. As days goes by, the 5 kg mixture will
increase as the darag chicken increase their consumption.
2. Average daily gain in weight
It is the daily gain weight of darag chicken in accordance to the treatment
that will be apply. This will be computed and gathered daily. The darag chicken
26

will weighed on the first day in the semi-confined indoor house to determined its
initial weight and weighed daily every 6:00 in the morning for its final weight. This
will calculate by subtracting the final weight by the initial weight then divided by
number of days and multiplied by 100. This will be recorded to determine if there
is a significant difference in daily average gained weight of darag chicken
supplemented with varying levels of banana peel.
Equation:
Final weight – Initial weight
ADGW = -------------------------------------- x 100
Number of days
3. Average feed conversion efficiency
Will be obtained by dividing average feed intake by the average daily
weight. It will compute on the last day of experiment. The total feed consumed of
darag chicken will recorded and computed from the first day up to the last day of
thesis duration. The average gain in weight is tally by summing up the daily gain
in weight of darag chicken. The total feed consumed of darag chicken will be
divided to average gain in weight multiplied to 100.
Equation:
Total feed consumed
FCE = ----------------------------------------x 100
Average gain in weight

27

4. Return of Investment (ROI)
Profitability will determine after the meat has been sold to the market. The
expenses including all the materials used will be recorded. The total expenses of
the production will deduct from the gross sale. The Return of Investment will be
computed by dividing the Expenses to Net Income and multiple with 100.
Equation:
Net Income
ROI = --------------------- x 100
Expenses
Statistical Treatment
All data will be analyzed and interpreted using Analysis of Variance for single
factor Complete Randomized Design (CRD) at 5% level of significance.
Comparison among treatment means will be done by using Scheffe's significant
test.
28

BIBLIOGRAPHY
JOURNAL:
Haryanto A., Miharja K., et.al, (2016) Effects of Banana Peel Meal on the Feed
Conversion Ratio and Blood Lipid Profile of Broiler Chickens
Philippine National Standard, (2018) Free Range Chicken
Department of Agriculture, Agribusiness and Marketing Assistance Service

Agribusiness Promotion Division, (2019), Investment Guide for Native
Chicken
Pagala M.A, Hafid H, Sandiah N, et.al, (2018), Feeding Substitution Using Fish
Waste, Papaya Leaf and Banana Peel for Kampung Chicken Production
Fas Abel, Adeyami OA, Oluwole Ob, et.al, (2015), Effects of Treated Banana
Peel Meal on the Feed Efficiency, Digestibility and Cost Effectiveness of
Broiler Chicken Diet
Araya HG, Gebrekristos SG, Oliver WV, (2021), Effects of Banana Peel on
Chicken Weight Gain and Egg Production in the Urban and Peri-Urban
Areas of Aksum City, Ethiopia
Siyal FA, Wgan R, Bhutto ZA, et.al, (2019) Effect of Orange and Banana Peels
on the Grwoth Performance of Broilers
Contreras RC, Catamin RD, Paragados DA, De la Cruz AC, (2014),

Acceptability of Native Darag Chicken Menu Variations
Lisnahan CV, Wihindayo, Zuprizal, Harimuti, (2017), Growth Performance of

Native Chickens in the Grower Phase Fed Methionine and Lysine-
Supplemented Cafeteria Standard Feed
29

INTERNET
Poultry Feed Supplements that Eliminate the Dangers of Stress retrieve from:
https://www.bentoli.com/poultry-feed-eliminating-stress/ on: April 13, 2022
Business Diary PH, Darag Native Chicken Production Guide, retrieve from:
https://www.google.com/amp/s/businessdiary.com.ph/424/darag-native-
chicken-production-guide/ on: April 13, 2022
Business Diary PH, How to Raise Free-Range Chickens retrieve from:

https://www.google.com/amp/s/businessdiary.com.ph/433/how-to-raise-
free-range-chickens/ on: April 13, 2022
Poultry Manual, The Complete Guide to Free Range Chicken Farming in the
Philippines retrieve from:
https://www.google.com/amp/s/poultrymanual.com/free-range-chicken-
farming-philippines-guide%3famp=1 on: April 13, 2022
Poultry feed, nutrition and water retrieve from:

https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-
forestry/agriculture/livestock/poultry/diseases-health-
management/maintaining-healthy-flock/feed-water on: April 13, 2022
Native chicken farming retrieve from: https://mb.com.ph/2020/04/04/native-

chicken-farming/ on: April 13, 2022
Native Chicken Farming retrieve from:

https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2018/11/21/native-chicken-farming/ on:
April 13, 2022
The value of peels in poultry diets retrieve

from:https://www.allaboutfeed.net/animal-
feed/raw-materials/the-value-of-peels-in-poultry-diets/ on: April 13, 2022

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1

Republic of the Philippines

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

The Philippine native chicken is an important livestock resource. It provides

livelihood in terms of additional income, food security, and opportunity to convert

chicken has established a niche market and is seemingly unaffected by

competitive markets. This makes native chicken production on top investment

Basilan and and Praokan from Palawan. (Magazine Agriculture, 2018)

found mostly in – the Western Visayas region of the Philippines.

Some of the defining characteristics of this strain of chickens include a

Republic of the Philippines

chickens – oftentimes simply referred to as “Darag” – are typically yellowish-

brown in color. And the males – or simply “Alimbuyog” or “Labuyo” – typically

about 1.3 kilograms. (Poultry Manual, 2021)

and feeding standards as farming commercial varieties, especially as a contract

environments of the Philippines where commercial breeds would rarely stand a

chance. (Business Diary Ph, 2020)

Darag chickens have better nutritional composition, which is largely a result

grubs, worms, legumes, grass, and so on. (Poultry Manual, 2020)

Republic of the Philippines

production. (Poultry Manual, 2021)

Background and Purpose of the Study

As an important livestock resource and livelihood to about 2.5 million

Filipinos, production of native chicken is a great investment. (Investment Guide

for native chicken, 2019)

start. (Philippine News Agency, 2020)

But despite of that, the biggest disadvantage of farming native chicken is

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on nutrients in order for them to gain weight. (Poultry Manual, 2021)

The solution in overcoming the lack of nutrients is to supply the native

of alternative supplement feeds to replace the regularly used sources in poultry

Banana is one of the earliest crops cultivated in the history of human

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byproducts and wastes. Therefore, without proper agricultural waste

management practice, huge amount of valuable untapped commodity will be

to lessen its waste that can caused serious ecological damages.

al. 2011). Banana peels are widely used by smallholders as complementary

In a study done by FAS et al. (2015), feeding broilers on diets containing

10% banana peels caused no adverse effect on performance. Another study

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can include up to 25 % in chicken diet without causing adverse effects on their

However, there are still limited studies on banana peel as a feed

engaged in research and production on a large or small scale.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the growth performance of darag chicken

(gallus domesticus) supplemented with varying levels of banana peel.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the Growth performance of darag chicken (gallus domesticus)

supplemented with varying levels of banana peel in terms of:

1.1 Average feed consumption

1.2 Average gain in weight

1.3 Average feed conversion efficiency

1.4 Average weight

1.5 Average daily gain in weight

2. What is the economic profitability of producing darag chicken (gallus

domesticus) supplemented with varying levels of banana peel in terms of?

2.1 Return on investment

2.2 Feed cost per kilogram

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2.3 Cost per kilogram of live weight produced

3. Is there a significant difference in the growth performance of darag

chicken (gallus domesticus) supplemented with varying levels of banana