Sampling

 Sampling days is necessary since each station will only

wither data for one day of the week.
 Sampling vehicles is necessary since it is impossible to
stop all vehicles except on very low volume roads.
Handle at least 25 % of off-peak traffic on roads
carrying <10000 vehicles per day, or at least 10 % of
pea period travel on roads with >10000 vehicles per day.
Information obtained

 Station identification, date, hour and direction of travel

 Vehicle type
 Number of persons in vehicle
 Origin and destination
 Where vehicle is garaged
 Trip purpose
 Location of other cordon crossing ( through trips only)
Special surveys

 Mass transit surveys... Special transit studies are

therefore often conducted on the system,
 Parking surveys
 Special traffic generator surveys. Includes
studies at airports, shopping centers, recreation
areas and other locations.
Other methods for obtaining travel data

 Postcardsurvey: Drivers are stopped only

enough to receive a card to be filled out and
mailed later
 Licenseplate survey: license plate numbers are
recorded manually or by camera.
 Dwelling unit survey by mail
. Telephone survey
 Driver-interview survey at time of renewal of
drivers’ licenses:
 Traffic surveys:
 Floating vehicles counting classified according to vehicle types (
a count of traffic passing a point or a road cross section per hour )
; manual and /or mechanical counting
 Turning movement counts
 Measurement of spot speeds using endoscope and fixed distance
 Measurement of running speeds using test vehicle
 Registration number check
 Public transport surveys
 Parking survey ( inventory or parking space, parking usage study,
reasons for parking )
6-Data analysis

 Analysisis made for each peak period and for

the 24-hr day:
 Data
from external and internal surveys are
coded and entered into computer files.
 Data are expanded from the sample to represent
the total population
 Origin destination (O-D) tables (matrices) are
prepared showing the number of trips between .
all pairs of zones. Tables are “ triangular “ if they
show total trips in both directions (24 hr.
analysis) ; “rectangular “ tables show trips by
direction and are used for peak period analysis
 Tocheck the accuracy of the data, the O-D tables
are used to calculate theoretical number of
crossings of screen lines drawn across the study
area.
. Graphical representation of
 O-D data can be
made by a series of desire line charts, which
show the trips loads on the spider network or
routed directly between each zone centroid and
all others. Trip contour charts have been used at
times to show the density of trip desires at all
points in the study area.