English Grammar Jol] jasdoJl Aclod poy & odd] dl Aysd yotaiall og 9 ytBaslLall Dial tals a) Sule reset Sa eee alwitys - usually’ often ae = to wares eae clock. = You —We -They = V1 Sentstienes Sucbee She usually cooks nice meals. He~She—-=Ve8 every, ./day /year‘aumner, | Ahnied gurites his homework everyday. af Confinuous = Tamstudying English now, {= am + V. + ing now — look — listen They are watching at the moment. You —We —They=are ++ ing al the moment Look ! the boy is playing with the knife He —She —h =is + V+ ing at the present time 3 Present Perfect. ¢ jena} I hayen't finished my homework yet. a1 We ey = have + V3 already - just - yet ‘They have just gone to the market. He = She —It=has+V.3 recently - never - ever Ali snot come vet. Soi peat sl jl ' have been working here since 2002, - You-We-They= have He has been living in Kuwait for ten nating for —sinee He = She ~ ty = his been + V+ ing eur, Simple Past Jat) tal) | yesterday —ugo—once V.2= played in the past — last, Ali bought a new car three days ago. went This morning —in 2012 We played tennis last Friday. Past Continuous 60) cl) When the bell ring . we were studying. You—We-—They =were +V+ing While — When — as While | was plaving football . 1 fell }— She — vas + V+ing down. He had hooked a room before he after — before — until ‘led to London . had + ¥.3 as soon as - when Alter | had written my homework 1 wenl out. a tomorow — soon —shonly si in the future — in 2020 | will travel to London next year. will + Vil this evening — next We will goto the club tamarrow. Future Perfect atl J i by this... By the end of this month we will have will have + V.3 by the end of. finished all the exams. If el I- If you study hard , you will pass the exam . If she studies hard , she will pass the exam. will + V1 iG dena p deal ae 2- If you studied hard , you would pass the exam, + would+ V1 SG baal petal ga 3 If you had studied hard , you would have passed the exam Would have + V3, 486 ll) otal aa The driver would have avoided the accident if he had been more careful.eladl Geil Gah not psa eel DEN aL] am -is —are-was-ere-has-have- had—can—could-will- would-shall-should- must—-may- might Ex. - He can swim. He cannotswim. (can't) (Make negative ) They are playing. They are not playing . (aren't) Ex. Ali plays football . Ali doesn't play football . Ex. I go to the club. I don't go to the club. Ex. She cooked lunch. She didn't cook lunch. T bought some books. Tdidn’t buy any books, 4alsi\ 3s (always — usually —sometimes ) CLS! as -5 (8) dlediasy 5 ye Yu never iy el Ex. She always gets up late . She never gets up late.(Aska question) Jig d< ; Mag iy ol Fae Lal JadY! oda ae] -1 ir fm -is —are-was-were-has-have- had—can—could-will-would-shall-should- must Ex. He can swim . Can he swim? = 5 a bugle Becta Ria Sire ; AS Sled og Ul ett) ies ae Thevareplaving tennis nthe cluby—|__ °° detail phi a Whiere are they playing tennis ? seid Ga(s jul Gat y eal Jal (does ) paint (5) Glos 2 Al hay pete Jed ee -2 Ex. Ali travels to London every summer, When does Ali travel to London? wg LS edly g Leal Jogi (do) padad (5) oy5i uel p Adee Jad oe 3 1 vo to the club twice a week. — (you)! (we) 9 (1) Jgst tbat How often do you go to the club? uel flat g Ge Js) did) Sa a We went to London by plane. + (your) g! (our) 3 (my) Jes; Uaasu How did vou go to London ? How much 4.5) (yi) aut os How many saa How lon: 3 How often How far> Fens Hae cy GET ats wr shee onal g Lopes Jeli ops Ol cote Geil J ad (Tag Questions) Saja) 4su6 sl) Aad) aly J yaad tha elt Huda can swim , can't she? You can't speak Spanish , can you? Ali will come soon , won't he ? He won't travel next summer , will he ? | 1am not a doctor ,am I? | He has finished his homework, hasn't he ? He has a car, doesn't he ? She's gone to school, hasn’t she ? She's playing tennis, isn't she ? Mary doesn't know Arabic , does she? Your futher went to the mosque ,didn't he? | We don't go to school on Fridays , do we ? | Students go to school on Sunday , don't they? I'd better sleep carly , hadn't 1? ( Ud better = I had better) I'd rather g6 home, wouldn't I? (I'd rather = 1 would rather) Let us go shopping, will you? Open the door ,will you? (ol bb Don't Open the door , will you ? lama student , aren't I?Comparison 4G lial) ( Comparative 2 Ge els Glial Aiea) ony 2 oy thal) as thal uit as er 4iLal as faster than bigger than heavier than 8) 9) Gua) cio etal! as Aisall ui as more than = ptkiua! the most as modern as more modern than the most common as common as more common than the most modern as beautiful as more beautiful than the most_beautiful as important _as more i i the most_important gular Adjectives Adjective Fetter | fruit is better than sweets. jwvore | He is the worst driver I've ever seen. well (healthy) = = cat —[rothtaiapeemin wee the mast | Water is the most important thing in life, old (people in a family) fewer | the eld |taderismy elder brother. | ose Jacancr [waarmee | = IrregPersonal Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns possessive Adjective himself ourselves ourselves themselves aaa | We liked that movie, it was reallyfunny. || Thekidsare yours. mine, and ours. [Tsoappreciated his helping out. |, Whose bookison ourdesk? Pimadeitforyouandme. | Theyaremybirds. tlikethem, | Their mocking of him was inappropriate. | The house is theirs and its paint is Making. | [Shegavemeher hook, Ishiscar really thatfast? [it is not difficult. 1can answer it by myself. __| ‘The money was really theirs not yours. We shall finally have what is rightfully ours. Their mother gets along well with yours. pee ear te gets ‘The! fccy tneptred us very minck eo ae Pe [The teacher read allot the essays bimsell | Lappreciate your understanding of the matter. |The Verb ( To be) The forms of the verb (to be) [ om | sw | as [ee aa L_ ss [—_Bivetoren 5 | Pronouns || __be | Weam be sige I am Lom here, [vou are | Youarehere ent tid = “Taste |__| Steuer, _———S—~—S Simple Present — L__Hle/Sheltt__] _ [she is here. Tetictamee — |__Hetshemt—[__witlte Simple Future HL Hinthak | [We | itive [We sib here a ee | being |] eis tukeit to school by bus. —_ aot (are ) 3 2400 ( is aa (were) 5 3 ae ( was (have — has —had_) (been) aac = (were - was —are - is -am) * (heing) ae. 5= ee ee ee Do you have a car? Do they have a car? Do we have a car? Do the boys have a car Lhave a car. They havea car. You have a car. The boys have acar, They don’t have a car. You don't have a car. Does he have a car? Does she have a car? Does Ali have a car? He has a car. She has a car. Ali has a car, I don't have a car. The boys don't have a car. He doesn’t have a car She doesn’t have a car. Ali doesn't have a car. Have you got a car? have got - has got [have gota car. [haven't gota car. Have they got a car? Have we gota car? Have the boys. Has he got a car? Has she got a car? Has Ali got a car? Do you have to go? Did she have to go? They have got a car. You have got a car. The boys have got a car. He has got a car, She has Ali has gota ear. gol a car. He has toga, J olay They haven't got a car You haven't gota car The boys haven't got a car. He hasn't got a car She hasn‘t got a car Ali hasn’t got a car He doesnt have (0 gill She didn't have to gPassive Voice — dsg-sall «beg ONS VY) QeUith S35 Vg Abend gl “Duals 4) J gual __ Beall § Joiaall i (are) y pial I- We keep falcons for hunting, Falcons are kept for hunting 4 2- [write my homework everyday. My homework is written everyday. 3- Thieves stole a precious painting from the museum. A precious painting was stolen from the museum. 4- The governments prepared our schools very well. Our schools were prepared very well. 3- The man will build a bi y A big house will be built next year, 6 Students should respect teachers. Teachers should be respected. 7- Huda has finished the exams. The exams have been finished. 8-We have finished the English exam. : studying English now . English is being studied now . 10-We are playing many sports in the club, Many sports are being pluyed in the club.Reported Speech dtl SUSI ce agtlall gl palatal cn Base aaa) Shad yay es ool) cus pad Uighall pS OLE oll pial gat alah Sigma & dghtall SN SLY Ca yASN ply Jytett Ln dhe) Segall ah dgfiall pie) Direct Speech Reported he — she "Tam reading English now.” Ali said (that) he was reading English then - me —us "We have won a prize” nis - he They said (that) they had won a prize, our near avel with my father to London.” would travel with his er to London. am — is as ure were " r work alone." will Mary saitl( that) she could do her homework alone, ould * Tavill give you this book tamorraw .” have —has | |had he would give me that book the following day. "Dont speak up here The teacher ordered ws snot to speak up there, e =e lle =IlelelelmeE S a = < = here now * We visited the 200 9 Jay They hail visited the zoo the day before . tomorrow he day after yesterday the duy before having An €. that day We were having an exam that day to open (io inci [* Open the window.” He ordered me to open the window. don't —]] not to do- does -did — LL EL pt "De you speak Es He asked me if | spol * Where do you live 7° He asked me where [ lived.Language Functions Advice el Tadvise you to +yv.., You should +... It's better... If L were you ,I would... Agreement__4i8) Lagree with you You are right Ok, Good idea Apology _)i64 I'm sorry I'm so sorry I didn't mean it Suggestion __¢\ iY! Let's+v... How ubout+v +ing... What about + ¥-+ing... Why don't you... I suggest we + v... Obligation You must+¥... Thave to+ You have to+V... It isnot allowed... Opinion In my opinion... I think... As I see... Guessin Perhaps Tt can be... It could he... Can you Could you Ke careful Look out! It is dangerous, Disagreement 424) sal) psc (don't agree I disagree I'm not with you Rubbish Approval chain! Fantastic! Well done ! Disapproval Gustin) How could you... It is bad, E don't like it Blame It is your fault You are to blame What have you done T blame you You are wran, Release from blames! a= Never mind Don't worry It is not your fault No problem Disbelief Bacill [a I don't believe that Nonsense ! Rubbish ! You are joking You must be dreaming Preference Jai!) I prefer ...to I like... more than... I'd rather. I'd better... Gratitude al Thank you Tean't thank you enough. I'm grateful Prohibition You musin't... you can't It is forbidden Indifference 5¥Gsi\ ss It makes no difference to me Tt doesn't matter So what? Who cares? It is all the same fo me Surprise Slats} Ont Really! Lam amazed was surprised Sympathy cabled! How sad /terrible/awful I was shocked to hear .. I was so sorry to hear .., Poor ( name )Abbreviations are not aren't I country +8 = is not isn't 2 family +s = Were not weren't 3 city+s= cities was not wasn't 4 wife +s = wives 5 do not don't wolf +s wolves does not doesn’t thief +s thieves did net didn't 7 go+s= goes Tam rm fax +s= faxes he is- he has watch +5 = watches she is — she has wish +s= wishes T have glass + s= glasses I had — 1 would fez+s= fezzes we are lie + ing = lying 13 you are you're ld | tie + ing = tying they are 5 |die+ing= cannot live + ing = living September make + ing = muking Doctor : travel + ed = travelled Let us swim + ing = swimming television hot + est = hottest Mister ‘ use + full = useful beauty + full beautiful will not yon" a 4 study +ed = studied shall not shan't (#4) pay +ed = paid (25 a3) akseS Past past Participle Infinitive Participle Simple past ped ed | eft ea AON ily at ed tad | cit a an f | See ete nists anne a ou a M | ee cy i 1 | dag | beg begged ale opened book booked Pay act packed chew chewed ‘ painted cleaned | cleaned 7 played played closed closed pray prayed prayed cried cried ; pull puilled pulled 0 deliver delivered — | delivered excite excited excited 3 ; a raced raced finish finished | finished 3a Jo replaced replaced flood Nlooded flooded s - rushed mished S| le giggled — | giggled vey | fold folded ai scolded scolded et glitter glittered 3 ag smiled heat heated i | started hunt hunted 3 a travelled | " edoled cooled prothise promised — | promised introduce | introtluced | introduced a8 united kiss kissed Kissed 5 visited laugh 2 workedMeaning | Infinitive ‘Simple past Past Participle Meaning, Past Simple past) participle ua aaa SO ipa pall pop gol Sethian yp begin began begun leave left break broke broken lend lent lent ‘build built built lose lost lost buy bought bought make made made catch caught caught ran run come do came did come done sitid drive | drove driven Sal cal ate calen sleep slept slept fall fell fallen speak spoke spoken find found flew found flown steal swim stole stolen swam swum get got gol take took taken give gave given fell told told go hear hit went heard hit gone heard hit wear win write wore worn wa [won| wrote written hurt hurt burt aim - is Wwils been keep kept kept known are will were been vous