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Science
Quarter 2
Ions
 Let Us Study

Way to go! Let us level up!

What do you think will happen to the salt when it is placed in water?
Give your hypotheses about this problem.

Source: Word clipart

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 If , then
.

If , then
.

Ionic Charges

Elements react with one another forming new substances, these new
substances are called compounds that are different both in their physical
and chemical aspects from the original atom or element to which they come
from. Compounds are bound together by a strong attractive force called a
chemical bond. A type of chemical bond formed when there is a transfer of
electrons from one atom to another is called an ionic bond. The compound
formed is an ionic compound. This type of bond involves the gaining and
losing of electrons. In doing so, the atoms become a charged particle and
will now be called an ion. An atom that loses an electron becomes a
positively charged ion called a cation and the one that gains an electron
becomes a negatively charged ion called an anion.

How ions achieve charges?

Monoatomic ions
Let us consider the atoms of sodium and chlorine.

Sodium atom belongs to Group 1A and therefore its valence electron is

one. Sodium electron configuration would reveal that it has an excess of one
electron to make the number of its outermost energy level equal to 8 to
attain the stable noble gas structure (He-2, other noble gas-8) as stated in
the octet rule.

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 Na atom Na ion

(1ē is given away to attain stability)

No of electron = 11 no. of electron = 10

Valence electron = 1ē valence electron = 8 ē
Charge = 0 charge = 1+
Formula = Na formula = Na+1

This time let us see what charge will chlorine atom have. Chlorine
belongs to Group 7A in the periodic table, which would mean that it has a
valence electron of 7. Since chlorine has 7 valence electron it needs 1
electron to attain stability. So instead of giving away the 7 valence electrons,
the chlorine will accept 1 electron. As chlorine will accept 1 electron, it will
now become an ion with a charge of 1-.

Cl atom Cl ion

(1 ē is accepted)
No. of electron = 17 No. of electron = 18
Valence electron = 7 ē valence electron = 8 ē
Charge = 0 Charge = -1
Formula = Cl Formula = Cl-1

When the two elements combined:

Na(s) + Cl2(g) →Na+1Cl-1

+ →

Sodium-ion and chlorine ion are called monoatomic ions which mean
one atom.

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Polyatomic ions

Polyatomic ions contain more than one and especially more than two
atoms having one charge.
Example: hydroxide(OH-1), Ammonium(NH4+1), sulfate (SO4-2),
carbonate (CO3-2)

When bonded:
Na+1(aq) + OH-1(aq) → NaOH(s)
Sodium + hydroxide → sodium hydroxide

Let Us Practice

Very good! You made it this far! Let us continue rolling!

After honestly answering this, you may check your answer in the
Answer Key Section.

Activity 1: Is Ionic Iconic?

Using the periodic table of ions below to predict the charge of the
following atoms.

Source: Word clipart

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 1. Ne
2. Ar
3. Kr
4. Ca
5. Si
6. Na
7. Xe
8. I
9. Al
10. As

Guide questions:
1. What pattern do you see in your periodic table in identifying the charge of
the elements?
2. In what way you can predict the charge of an atom if there is no periodic
table available?
3. If the element is a metal, what can you conclude on its charge? What if it
is Nonmetal?

Activity 2: Lose or Gain?

Identify if the following ions lose or gain electrons indicate also how many
electrons does it lose or gain.

1. Mg+2
2. S-2
3. F-1
4. Ba2+
5. Al+3
6. N-3
7. H+1
8. O-2
9. C2O4-2
10. K+
11. PO4-3
12. CN-

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 13. Ca+2
14. Cu+1
15. Hg2+2

Guide Question:
1. What is your basis for identifying ions as loss or gain?
2. What does plus(+) mean? Minus (-) means?
3. What are the monoatomic ions? Polyatomic ions? List down.

Activity 3: One Plus One Equals One

Write the correct formula for compounds containing the following ions.

Ex.
+ →

Al+3 + O-2 → Al2O3 (there are 2-Al,3-O after they bond)

Aluminum ion + oxygen ion → aluminum oxide

1. Ca+2 + Cl-1 →
2. Mg+2 + N-3 →
3. Li+1 + O-2 →
4. Be+2 + Se-2 →
5. Ca+2+ P-3 →

Guide Questions:
1. What ion requires stability or completes the eight electrons?

2. What is produced from the two elements that bond?

3. When are ions formed based on the activity?