BL NCM 5200 Lec 1922S Biostatistics

Quiz 1
1. A characteristics that is assessed only in two categories such as ascites

present or absent (or yes/no), or gender as male or female. - Binary
variable
2. The probability of occurrence of one of two or more mutually exclusive
events is the sum of the probabilities of their individual occurrence -
Addition rule (of probability)
3. Similar course of the disease process in the two regimens under
comparison: also evaluated in terms of comparable bioavailability of drug
products, say, within 80% to 125% with respect to area under the
concentration curve and Cmax. – Bioequivalence
4. The process of going into the deep of a phenomenon, data-set, thought,
etc., and looking at its various components. – Analysis
5. The area from the ROC curve to the base: used as an indicator of the
efficacy of a test in terms of sensitivity and specificity – can be used to
compare performance of various tests. - Area under the curve
Quiz 2
1. Cause-specific rate is the rate obtained when numerator is restricted to a
particular cause (e.g., of morbidity or of mortality). – true
2. When two or more comparisons or other statistical tests of hypothesis are
done on the same set of data, the total probability of alpha error can
increase much beyond the prefixed level such as 5%. This is known as
"blinding". - false
3. Using computer to solve problems without understanding the implications
of the underlying procedure. This is known as "black box approach". -true
4. Census is the survey of the entire population. - true
5. Bibliography is a list of citations of the related literature. – true
Quiz 3
1. are a collection of statistical tools which are used to quantitatively
describe or summarize a collection of data. - Descriptive statistics
2. is a subset drawn from a larger population. – sample
3. is a selected individual or group representing the full set of members of a
certain group of interest. – population
4. refers tot he ability to draw conclusions about the characteristics of the
population as a whole based on the results of data collected from a
sample. – Generalizability
5. is a value which is generated from a population. – parameter
Quiz 4
1. A distribution is the arrangement of data by the values of one variable in
order, from ______________. - low to high
This study source was downloaded by 100000831317199 from CourseHero.com on 02-28-2022 17:45:54 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/77434338/BL-NCM-5200-LEC-1922S-BIOSTATISTICSdocx/
2. One of the most important measures of dispersion, the _____________ is the
difference between the maximum and minimum values of a distribution. -
range
3. The ______________ is the score of a distribution residing at the 50th
percentile, separating the top and bottom 50 percent of scores. – median
4. The simple arithmetic average of a distribution of variable values (or
scores), the _____________ provides a single, concise numerical summary of
a distribution. - mean
5. When there are more scores toward one end of the distribution than the
other, this results in _____________. - skew
Quiz 5
1. The frequency of desired outcome per unit of resource inputs such as
time, money and manpower. – Efficiency
2. A summary of the death and survival pattern of a group of people—
generally for the entire population of an area, but can be used for patients
of a particular disease also. – life table
3. Variety of causes of death: some people meet death slowly such as by
cancer, and some sudden such as by myocardial infarction. – death
spectrum
4. The set of characteristics such as age, disease and severity, which are
necessary in a subject to be considered eligible for inclusion in the study. –
inclusion criteria
5. The tendency of getting poor output or poor outcome when the inputs or
efforts are poor. – garbage-in, garbage-out syndrome
6. The set of words that describes the essential features of a study. –
keywords
7. The first could be called missed diagnosis and the second as misdiagnosis.
In place of healthy/diseased this could be any other categorization. –
misclassification
8. A person with disease classified as without disease. In place of disease,
false negativity can be for any other attribute. – false negative
9. A non parametric test for comparing central tendency in three or more
groups. – kuskal-wallis test
10. The probability of occurrence of an event such as disease when
some a-priori information such as sign-symptoms are known: denoted by
P(A/B) where after slash (/) sign is what is known a-priori. – conditional
probability
11. A procedure of combining evidence in different reports on the same
aspect. If different trials on the same regimen report varying efficacy, they
can be combined to come to a unified conclusion, which may command
substantially more confidence than result of any one of the individual
trials. – Meta analysis
12. A less scientific but a quick method to arrive at a consensus among
experts.- Delphi method
13. The process of reaching to a decision after considering probabilities
of various outcomes and value judgments regarding the utility of those
outcomes. – decision analysis
14. A person without disease classified as with disease. In place of
disease, false positivity can be for any other attribute – false positive
15. An international organisation of producers and consumers of
medical research that helps to clarify the research achievements,
particularly health care interventions such as drugs, diet alteration and
behavior change – Cochrane collaboration
16. The statistical procedure to discover a construct out of data that
can possibly explain the variation and relationship among different
variables. – factor analysis
17. How well the actual observations fit into a specified pattern. –
Goodness of fit
18. The remaining portion of life at any age that would be spent without
any morbidity – healthy life expectancy
19. A prospective study of a cohort for a specified period, generally to
observe the occurrence of an outcome of interest, and thereby determine
the incidence. – Cohort study
20. Inverse of the standard error of the estimate or a derivative of this
inverse. – efficiency of an estimate
21. A trial with the objective to examine if a new regimen is different
from another regimen by more than a prespecified medically unimportant
margin. – Equivalence trial
22. The result stating that the chance of a summative measure such as
sample mean following a Gaussian distribution rapidly increases in almost
all practical situations as the number of individuals in a sample increases
(i.e., sample size becomes large). – Central limit theorem
23. An extraneous factor that could be an explanation of the outcome
of interest in addition to the factor under study so that its effect can not
be differentiated from the other: such as dietary factors when examining
relationship between smoking and cervical cancer. Presence of
unaccounted confounders decreases the validity of a study. – cofounder
24. Identification data of a document containing the authors‘ name,
title, publication name, volume, publication date, page numbers, etc. –
citation
25. The statistical procedure to classify units or individuals into groups
such that the units are similar within each group but dissimilar across
groups: generally used when the number and nature of the groups are not
known. – cluster analysis
Quiz 5
1. When the sample is small, the sampling distribution of a proportion will
have an approximate normal distribution. – False
2. If x objects have a certain characteristic then the sample proportion “p”
is: p = x*n. – False
3. A sample proportion is where a random sample of objects n is taken from
a population P. – True
4. A sampling distribution is a graph of a statistics for your sample data. –
True
5. The sampling distribution of a proportion is when you repeat your survey
for all possible samples of the population. – True
Quiz 6
1. As the sample size increases, the mean of the ______________ of the
mean will approach the population mean of μ. - sampling distribution
2. The mean of the sampling distribution of the mean is the same as the
-population mean
3. theorem tells us that if we have a large number of independent,
identically distributed variables, the distribution will approximately follow
a normal distribution. - central limit
4. The mean of sampling distribution of the proportion, P, is a special case of
the - sampling distribution of the mean
5. The mean of the sampling distribution of the mean formula is is μM = μ,
where μM is the - mean of the sampling distribution
MEXAM
1. The Gallup Poll asked a random sample of 1785 adults whether they
attended church during the past week. Let p-hat be the proportion of
people in the sample who attended church. A newspaper report claims
that 40% of all U.S. adults went to church last week. Suppose this claim is
true.
Calculate the standard deviation of the sampling distribution. - 0.0116
2. The average speed of 1500 vehicles traveled on a stretch of highway that
day is 67 miles per hour with a standard deviation of 3.5 miles per hour. If
100 vehicles are randomly selected as samples, what would be the mean
of the resulting sampling distribution of sample means? – 67
3. A population has a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 5. A random
sample of 16 measurements is drawn from this population. Describe the
sampling distribution of the sample means by computing its mean.
Assume that the population is infinite. - 60
4. A statistic is unbiased if...
... the mean of the sampling distribution IS _____________ to the value of
the population mean. - equal
true.
Calculate the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of p-hat. –
0.0116
6. The 300 customers who called the call center spend an average of 45
minutes on hold, with a standard deviation of 12 minutes. What is the
expected average of the sampling distribution for a sample of 150
randomly selected customers? – 45
7. What does this symbol represent?
P - population proportion
8. In a population of five university students with GPAs of 2.5, 2.3, 1.7, 1.4,
and 1.1, a sample of three students are considered. What would be the
mean of the resulting sampling distribution? – 1.8
9. In a population of five university students with GPAs of 2.5, 2.3, 1.7, 1.4,
and 1.1, a sample of three students are considered. What would be the
standard deviation of the resulting sampling distribution? – 0.22
10. The heights female college students are normally distributed with
mean of 68 inches and standard deviation of 3 inches. If 25 students are
randomly drawn from the population, what would be the expected mean
of the resulting sampling distribution of the means? – 68
11. Increasing the sample size of an opinion poll will ___________ the
variability of the estimates made from the data collected in the poll. –
reduce
12. In the game of Scrabble, each player begins by drawing 7 tiles from
a bag containing 100 tiles. There are 42 vowel, 56 consonants, and 2
blank tiles in the bag. Cait chooses an SRS of 7 tiles. Let p-hat be the
proportion of vowels in her sample. Is the 10% condition met in this case?
– yes
13. If you had to choose a "best statistic" to describe a population,
which of the following would be best. - low bias, low variability
14. 28% of all Woodrow students believe Monday will be snow day. You
take a sample of 50 students and find that 15 of them believe Monday will
be a snow day. What does 50 represent? - n
true.
What is the mean of the sampling distribution of p-hat? – 0.4
16. 28% of all Woodrow students believe Monday will be snow day. You
take a sample of 50 students and find that 15 of them believe Monday will
be a snow day. What does 28 represent? - P
17. A population has a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 5. A
random sample of 16 measurements is drawn from this population.
Describe the sampling distribution of the sample means by computing its
standard deviation. Assume that the population is infinite. – 1.25
18. The average speed of 1500 vehicles traveled on a stretch of
highway that day is 67 miles per hour with a standard deviation of 3.5
miles per hour. If 100 vehicles are randomly selected as samples, what
would be the standard error of the resulting sampling distribution of
sample means? – 0.34
19. The 300 customers who called the call center spend an average of
45 minutes on hold, with a standard deviation of 12 minutes. What is the
standard error of the sampling distribution for a sample of 150 randomly
selected customers – 0.69
20. The heights female college students are normally distributed with
mean of 68 inches and standard deviation of 3 inches. If 25 students are
randomly drawn from the population, what would be the standard error of
the resulting sampling distribution of the means? – 0.6
PFEXAM
1. If I…(do this to an independent variable)….then (this will happen to the
_________________). – dependent variable
2. A hypothesis is an ____________ about something in the world around you.
– educated guess
3. Hypothesis testing in statistics is a way for you to _______________ of a
survey or experiment to see if you have meaningful results. – test the
results
4. The _____________ hypothesis is always the accepted fact. – null
5. A good hypothesis statement should: Have design _______________. –
criteria
6. A good hypothesis statement should: be based on information in
______________ research. – prior
7. It’s good science to let people know if your study results are solid, or if
they could have happened by chance. The usual way of doing this is to
test your results with a _____________. – p-value
8. A good hypothesis statement should: an “if” and “________________”
statement. – then
9. If you are going to propose a hypothesis, it’s customary to write a
______________. – statement
10. Hypothesis should be testable, either by experiment or
________________. – observation
Quiz 7
1. This is a statement of what a statistical hypothesis test is set up to
establish. - alternative hypothesis
2. Regardless of the shape of the population distribution, this theorem states
that the sampling distribution of the mean of n independent sample
values will approach the normal distribution as the sample size increases.
- central limit theorem
3. When the error terms remaining after application of a forecasting method
show autocorrelation, it indicates that the forecasting method has not
removed all of the pattern from the data. - autocorrelated errors
4. This consists of calculations that provide information about levels of
variability within a regression model and form a basis for tests of
significance. – ANOVA
5. This is simply the SEE divided by the average of the dependent variable. -
coefficient of variation
Quiz 8
1. A linear combination of individual forecasts to assist in obtaining a more
accurate forecast. - composite regression model
2. quantity is a quantity without a physical unit and is thus a pure number. –
dimensionless
3. In hypothesis testing, the critical value is the threshold for significance. -
critical value
4. A standardized measure of the association or mutual dependence
between two variables, say, X and Y. - correlation coefficient
5. A form of regression analysis where the observations are measured at the
same point in time or over the same time period but differ along another
dimension. - cross-sectional model
FEXAM
1. You can have the Y-axis on a logarithmic scale instead of a linear one. –
log scale
2. In regression analysis, a ______________ is one that takes the values 0 or 1
to indicate the absence or presence of some categorical effect (month,
quarter, strike, fire loss) that may be expected to shift the outcome. –
dummy variable
3. The technique of multiple regression is an extension of simple regression.
– multiple regression
4. The technique of estimating a smooth trend, usually by taking weighted
averages of observations. – smoothing
5. A ____________ shows the number of observations falling into each of
several ranges of values, which are typically portrayed as histograms. –
distribution
6. ______________ are so called because the assumptions underlying their use
are fewer and weaker than those associated with parametric tests –
nonparametric or distribution-free test
7. For data sets having a normal, bell-shaped distribution, approximately 68
percent of the data values are within 1 standard deviation of the mean;
approximately 95 percent are within 2 standard deviations of the mean;
and approximately 99.7 percent (nearly all) are within 3 standard
deviations of the mean. – empirical rule
8. A _____________ is the probability that the observed result, or a result more
extreme, could be obtained if the null hypothesis is true. – p-value
9. If we could take many such samples, the collection of possible values of
the statistic would follow its _______________. – sampling distribution
10. It equals the change in Y for each unit change in X. – slope
11. It is possible to fit a polynomial of any number of terms to a set of
data. – polynomial fitting
12. A ______________ is a set of ordered observations of a phenomenon
at equally spaced time points. – time series
13. The ______________, also called root mean squared error (RMSE), is
the square root of the mean squared residual term from the ANOVA table
of the summary output. – standard error of estimate (SEE)
14. This condition exists when the errors do not have a constant
variance across an entire range of values. – heteroscedasticity
15. ____________ are used to draw inferences about a population from a
sample. – inferential statistic
16. The heights of children of exceptionally tall (or short) parents
“regress” to the mean of the population – regression
17. If a forecast variable Y is regressed against several explanatory
variables X1, X2, . . , Xk, then the estimated Y value is designated Y. –
multiple correlation coefficient
18. If you are using a significance level of .05, a ______________ allots all
5 percent to testing the statistical significance in the one direction of
interest. – one-tailed test
19. A difference in time between an observation and a previous
observation. – lag
20. A plot of the residuals versus a z value (or cumulative normal
percentile) derived from the normal probability distribution for the ranking
location of the residual. – normal probability plot
21. ____________ is the Excel function that calculates the kurtosis of a
data set’s distribution. – KURT
22. A ______________ is calculated by subtracting the forecast value from
the actual value to give an error value for each forecast period. In
forecasting, this term is commonly used as a synonym for residual. –
forecast error
23. The __________ statistic, named after its creators, tests the
hypothesis that there is no autocorrelation of one time lag present in the
errors obtained from forecasting – Durbin-Watson (DW)
24. The ___________ is calculated by dividing MSR (mean squared
regression) by MSE (mean squared error), or explained variance by
unexplained variance. – F ratio or F statistic
25. The normality assumption is at the core of a majority of standard
statistical procedures, and it is important to be able to test this
assumption. – Lilliefors test
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

BL NCM 5200 Lec 1922S Biostatistics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

BL NCM 5200 Lec 1922S Biostatistics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

BL NCM 5200 Lec 1922S Biostatistics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Quiz 1

1. A characteristics that is assessed only in two categories such as ascites

You might also like