The Teacher &

Community, School
Culture &
Organizational
Leadership
 DESIRED LEARNING
OUTCOMES:
a. Discuss at least six (6) philosophical thoughts on
education.
b. Identify the significant educational philosophies each
philosopher contributed
c. Relate the philosophical thoughts to the application of
teaching and learning
Summaries of THOUGHTS OF EDUCATION
PHILOSOPHERS on what should be taught and how
learners should be taught:

1. John Locke (1632-1704): The Empiricist Educator

2. Herbert Spencer (1820-1903): Utilitarian Education
3. John Dewey (1859-1952): Learning Though Experience
4. George Counts (1889-1974): Building a New Social Order
5. Theodore Brameld (1904-1987): Social Reconstruction
6. Paulo Freire (1921-1997): Critical Pedagog
Example:
The pupil learned that food is broken down into small
pieces, which is digested by the stomach and is absorbed
by the intestines. To connect the facts, the teacher should
ask more questions like: “What if the food is not chewed
in the mouth, what happens to food in the stomach and to
the stomach itself ? What if the stomach fails to digest
food from the mouth, what happens to the food in the
small intestines? Will the small intestines be able to
absorb food, etc.
6 Philosophical
thoughts on
Education
 Spencer’s
Survival of the Fittest
He who is fittest survives. Individual competition leads to
social progress. The competition in class is what advocates
of atmosphere negate. The whole child approach a
powerful tool for SELF-focused schools has tenets – “ each
student learns in an environment that is physically and
emotionally sale for students and adults” and “ each
student has access to personalized learning and is
supported by qualified and caring adults…” F.N.’19