BOLT-NUT NOMENCLATURE

The six-sidcs HEAD has two dimensíons: 'WIDTH ACROSS FLATS and
HEIGHT.
HEAD
The nut ¡s similarly dimcnsioned.

v Wdtii«cto»n»ts

icronflat»
Height

KOMATSU bolts carry an identification mark on the head in order to tell the
kind of screw thread uscd.

METRIC THREAD
The bolt has this mark.
No identification mark is provided on the nut. (No marking for distinguish-
ing between COARSE and FINE threads is given to bolts and nuts.)
UNIFIED THREAD ©
A COARSE-THREAD bolt has the Ictter "C" marked on its head.

A FINE-THREAD bolt has the letter "F" marked on its head.

 A nut with UNIFIED threads has a notch on its córner. There is no mark for
distinguishing between FINE and COARSE. This distinction, however, is
made by the width across fíats: the width oía nut with COARSE threads is
largcr than that of a nut with FINE threads, where the two nuts are of the
same nominal size.
WIDTH ACROSS A nominal size presupposes a given width across fíats. The head oía 10-mm
FLATS bolt, or a 10-mm nut, is 17 mm wide, whether the thread is COARSE or
FINE. An exception from this rule is the nut with UNIFIED threads.
For the time being, however, you will come into two types of bolts and nuts
in the METRIC THREAD system. For example, 14-mm bolts and nuts may
be 21 mm (OLD) or 22 mm (NEW) in width across fíats. This is because the
J1S concerning screw thread» was revised in 1968, and KOMATSU began
changing its KES in conformity to the revised JIS. The change, starting-in
1970, is in progress.
Differences in marking between the oíd bolts and nuts and the new ones are' as
follows:

New-sundard

One or more dents

Circle added
0.2 mm deep
0.6 mm in día.
(approx.)
Old-sundard
BEAR1NG The length of a bolt refers to the distance between the bearing surface and the
SURFACE forward end of the bolt. The bearing surface of a nut is as shown on the right.
and NECK
 Bearing auface Neck

Bearingairface

EFFECTIVE Thread cutting begins from the bolt end and terminales at a point cióse to
THREAD/ the head. The last two threads at the terminating point are incomplete. The
LENGTH length of the threaded portion, not including the two incomplete threads, is
referred to as effective thread length.
In all KOMATSU bolts, the effective thread length is given and
determined by the nominal size, not by the overall length of the bolt.

Incomplete Uinadi

Effective chicad length

Thus, there are bolts having threads all the way up to the neck and bolts whose
lengths are not fully threadcd. In those bolts chrcaded full-length, the last three
threads are incomplete.

RUN-IN Two illustrations, below, show wrong usages. On the left, the bolt is too
LENGTH short and consequently the run-in length (length of thread engagement) is
short. The fastening forcé of such a bolt is inadequate. Normal working load
may cause it to loosen or, for worse, may strip the threads.
On the right, a case of too long a bolt is shown. The run-in length is full but,
because of the bolt length which is too great, this bolt is unable to fasten:
the bolt head is off the seat provided in the fastened part.
 The above two illustrations attest the necessity of using bolts and nuts specified in
the parts books. Indiscriminate use of bolts and nuts can lead to premature death of a
machine.

DIMENSIONAL Bolts and nuts may appear as simple mechanical parts to uncritical eyes, but
ACCURACY OF their manufacture requires as much care and ingenuity as do more
BOLTS complicated mechanical parts. Major dimensions are given by the standard,
AND NUTS but there are many dimensions which are left to the designen. He has to work
out the neck radius that will minimize the stress concentration there. He has
to pay special consideration to the possibility of such distortions as shown
below which may result from inaccurate machining during mass-production.
KOMATSU bolts and nuts are machined to the dimensional accuracy specifications
covered by Class 2, whose thread limits and other limits (máximum and minimum) are
the most stringent of al!. Loosening or shearing is often due to inaccurateiy machined
bolts and nuts, and has been the ultímate cause of major failures in many cases of the past.
Bolts and nuts are simple parts but are very important parts.

LOOSENING The forcé acting on a bolt in place tends to loosen it. Good and hard
tightening is essential. Inaccurateiy machined bolts and nuts do not
permit
full tightening: if you attempt to do so, the threads may break or
become
stripped off. Bolts and nuts must be made of tough materials and,
what is
more important, must be accurately machined.

STRENGTH OF KOMATSU bolts are made in two kinds as to the material. Regardless of
the
BOLTS AND material, all KOMATSU bolts are hardened and tempered and henee
three
NUTS VS. times as strong as commonly marketed bolts in terms of torque limit. For
MATERIAL KOMATSU machines, use KOMATSU bolts.
Normal KOMATSU nuts are not quenched for hardening. This is
because, strength-wise, a nut is much stronger than a bolt. There are
nuts made of copper or stainless steel: these nuts are high-
temperature-service nuts calculated not to fuse with bolts such as the
ones used in securing the exhaust manifold to the engine block.
Two bolts, differing in material, will look exactly alike under visual
inspection if they are of the same nominal size and in the same
thread system or series. Clues for differentiating one from the other
are provided in the marking.

These are most commonly used KOMATSU bolts. They are called "H" bolts.

These are called "T" bolts. The material is a chrome-moly alloy steel. They are good for
service temperatures of 450°C and higher. Never use "H" bolts for such high-temperature
service.

These are not hardened-and-tempered nuts.

These are hardened-and-tempered nuts. Often called "H" nuts. There is not any nut made
of the same material as that of "T" bolts.
 A large nominal size requires a greater tightening torque. Inadequate
tightening causes the bolt to loosen in place, whereas excessive tightening
causes the threads to be stripped. In between these two extremes lies the
TIGHTENING optimum tightening torque.
TORQUE
The tightening-torque table shown here is for the purposes of explanation.
 Tightening with torque wrench Unit:kr«n

Quenched bolt Non-quenched bolt Width across flats

(mm)
Head Head
Studthape mark mark

O Nomar Sidemark
Noinuk k

Nominal me (Unge
(mm) Ruge 1

1.»- 1.5 1.1 «.3- O.S 0.4

1.5- 3.5 3.0 0.«~ 1.0 0.1

5.5- T.5 (.5 1.5- 1.0

Torque wrench readings are generally approxtmations but accurate enough

for practica! purposes. That's the reason why the table indícales the torque in
two ways - torque range and target torque.

TIGHTENING Consider such as a cover secured in place with a number of bolts

SEQUENCE symmetrically disposed, as shown below. Tightening one bolt after another
in a circular pattern is a sure way to develop oil leakage from the cover,
because such a method of tightening distorts it. The standard practice is to
move about your wrench in such a manner calculated to apply pressure
equally to the cover. The pattern, shown with arrow lines, is for one round
of tightening, and is to be repeated to tighten each bolt gradúally in steps.
 -5-

PART NUMBERS ARE FORMED FOR BOLTS AND NUTS

The part number for a bolt or nut tells a story — about its size, thread classification, etc. It is
coded. The key information for deciphering the code, which you are advised to memorize, is as
follows:
 The first 5 digits indícate the kind.

The next digit stands for the material or surface

condition.

These 2 digits mean the nominal size of the screw

thread.
EXAMPLE: A 10-mm (metric) screw thread is repre-
sented by "10" but an 8-mm screw thread
is represented by "08". A 1/16" unified
screw thread is indicated as "01" while a
3/8" one is indicated as "06". In other
words, a unified screw thread is indicated
as a múltiple of 1/16" as far as the nominal
size is concerned.

-The last 2 digits mean the length (for a bolt) or the

height (for a nut). A length greater than 100 mm is
expressed as an excess over 100. For instance, a length
or 125 mm is represented by "25".
KINDS OF BOLTS AND NUTS

Other bolts and nuts than the hex bolts and nuts explained thus far will be introduced by way of
descríbing the part number formation. We have noted that "the first 5 digits indícate the
kind." Here are the keys:
HEX-HEAD BOLT
New-standard Cid-standard Kind When used with a nut, it is a bolt. Otherwise it is a screw.
bolt bolt It is threaded all the.way up to the neck. That porción of
01010- 01040- Metric coarse the part number meaning the kind is as follows:
01011- 01041- Metric coarse
01050- 01000- Metric fine
01051- 01001- Metric fine
02010- Unified coarse
02011- Unified coarse
02030- Unified fine
02031- Unified fine New-standard Kind
bolt
01016- Old-standard bolt
01017-
01046- Metric full-thread bolt L < 100 mm
01047- Metric full-thread bolt L i 100 mm

GENERAL FULLY-THREADED
BOLT (SCREW)
 The unthreaded portion is finished to a closer tolerance. This
bolt serves not only as a fastener but also as a locator. Use
REAMER BOLT of an ordinary hex-head bolt where a reamer bolt is
specified is a taboo.

Kind
Ncw-standard Old-»tandard
bolt bolt
01090- 01080- Metric reamer bolt L < 100 mm
01091- 01081- Metric reamer bolt LilOOmm

The legí of the iraerted pin
are npread and bent.
The foregoing three types of bolts are modifíed by
providing a locking-wire or -pin hole. The hole may be
located in the forward end or in the head: the former
location is meant for a slotted or castle nut, and the latter for a
locking wire.
Depending on where the hole is provided, the original part
number (the first 5 digits) changes as follows:
Metric coarte bolt Newstandard
Otd-itandard
Metric fine bolt New-standard
Oid-sundard
New-ttandard
Old-5t»ndard
Reamcr bolt

01010- 01012- 01014-

01011- 01013- 01015-
01040- 01042- 01044-
01041- 01043- 01045-
01050- 01052- 01054-
01051- 01053- 01055-
01000- 01002- 01004-
01001- 01003- 01005-
01090- 01092-
01091- 01093-
01080- 01082-
01081- 01083-

INTERNAL-HEX BOLT (SCREW) An Alien wrench is to be used in turning this bolt:

01252- Internal-hex bolt, metric L < 100 mm
01253- » LilOOmm
 Nuts of this type are available in many kinds. This is the
HEX NUT commonest type of nut.
New-ttandard Old-standard
Kind
nut nut
01580- 01503-
Metric coarse nut (low nut)
01504-
01582- 01500-
Metric fine nut (low nut)
01583- 01501-
02205-
Unified coarte nut (low nut)
02206-
02215-
Unified fine nut (low nut)
02216-
 A nylon ring is fitted inside. When run onto the bolt, the
nylon ring stick to the bolt thread to prevent the nut from
NYLON NUT loosening.

New-standard Old-standard Kind

nut nut
Metric coarse
Metñc fine
Unified coarse
Unified fine
01598- 01555-
01599- 01554-
02254-
02255-
 The slots are for passing a cotter pin.

SLOTTED NUT
New-standard Old-standard Kind
nut nut
01590- 01513- Metric coarse
01592- 01510- Metric fine
01593- 01511- Metric fine (low nut)
ROUND NUT AND WING NUT

A round nut is to be turned with a spanner, for which hitching slots are provided on its periphery.

The wing nut is to be turned with fingers.