INTRODUCTION TO ART APPRECIATION With the creation of various forms of art, man now lives in comfort and

ART APPRECIATION happiness.

 The ability to interpret and understand man-made arts and enjoy them
through actual work experience with art tools and materials.  Cultural
 The possession of the works of art for one’s admiration and satisfaction. Through the printed matter, art transmits and preserve skills and knowledge from
 The analysis of the form of an art work to general audience to enhance their one generation to another.
enjoyment and satisfaction of the works of art.  Social
Through civic and graphic arts, man learns to love and
ART help each other.
 Art comes from the word ars, meaning anything humans make  Political
 Orderliness, rationality, and grace. Art reinforces and enhances a sense of identity and ideological connection to
specific political views, parties, and politicians.
REMEMBER:  Educational
 Art is man-made, not God made There are art symbols and signs to illustrate knowledge and attitudes that are not
 Art is creative expressed in words.
 Art benefits and satisfies man  Spiritual
 Art is expressed through a certain medium or material by which the artist Some art works express spiritual beliefs, customs, ceremonies and rituals about
communicates himself to his fellows. the meaning and destiny of life.

ASSUMPTION FOR ART Pop-up Question:

Art is… Aside from the above-mentioned functions, people have their personal reasons for
 Universal indulging in art.
In every country of the world, art exist because it is important to people’s lives. How do you use art in your personal life?
 Cultural
Art contributes to the understanding of past and present cultures. PHILOSOPHY OF ART
 Not nature  Art as mimesis (Plato and Aristotle)
Art is not nature because it is man-made. Mimesis- “imitation” or “copying”
 Expression of the mind All artistic creation is a mimesis
Art is a form of expression of the deepest emotion of the minds.  Art as representation (Aristotle)
 Form of creativity Art represents something
Art is a product of the imagination that entertains, pleases and inspire people.  Art for Art’s sake (Kant)
 Involves experience Art needs no justification.
Artists use their experiences to ventilate their feelings through the works that they  Art as an escape
make. The artist’s works of art reveal the emotional outburst that has been kept for many
years in their mind.
FUNCTIONS OF ART  Art as functional
 Aesthetic Artists intent to create works for art in order to bring creativity, beauty and
Through art, man becomes conscious of the beauty of nature. usefulness into people’s everyday lives.
 Utilitarian
TYPES OF SUBJECTS OF ART
Representation (Objective arts)- something that is easily recognized by most people.

Non-representational (Non-objective Arts)- Artworks that have no resemblance to

any real subject.

CREATIVITY AND THE CREATIVE PROCESS

IMPEDIMENTS TO CREATIVITY (Gundry et al., 1994)

1.Defining the problem incorrectly
Vertical thinking- when a problem is defined in a single way, and there are no
deviations or alternative definitions considered until the solution is reached.
2.Judging ideas too quickly
3.Stopping at the first acceptable idea
4.Lack of support
5.Hostility to sharing knowledge

ABRAHAM MASLOW
-A theory of human motivation
-As humans meet basic needs, they seek to successively satisfy “higher needs” that
occupy a set hierarchy. (Maslow, 1954)

DR. HOWARD GARDNER

-postulated the theory of multiple intelligences in 1983.
-This theory suggests that the traditional notion of intelligence, based on I.Q. testing,  Persuasive messages are transmitted in a variety of ways,
is far too limited. including verbally and nonverbally via television, radio, internet,
-proposes eight (8) realms of intelligence to account for a broader range of human or face-to-face communication
potential in children and adults.  Persuasion is symbolic, utilizing words, images, sounds, etc
Visual-spatial Linguistic-Verbal o propaganda - ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and
Interpersonal Intrapersonal that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government,
Logical-Mathematical Musical and so on
Bodily-kinesthetic Naturalistic  Art and War and the War on Art
o iconoclasm - “image breaking”; recurring historical impulse to break or
How an artist should express themselves? destroy images for religious or political reasons
 The artist can be considered sensitive and creative. He/She can see and feel what  Art as a form of protest
an ordinary person cannot. o e.g. social realism - the practice of using art to highlight political and
 His/Her imagination can extend far beyond the thoughts of an ordinary person.
social issues
An artist should express himself/herself using:
AESTHETICS
 Talent- your natural capacity to do something.
o aisthetikos - “of sense perception”
 Skills- these are learned capacity to carry out pre-determined results.
 forms and psychological effects of arts
 Motivation- the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented
 appreciation of beauty and art
behaviors.
 spans all areas of artistic endeavor
 Philosophical view of beauty
ARTS, MAN, AND SOCIETY
 Art arises first of all from an artist, who refers to the man, the “maker” of the
BEAUTY
works of art.
 the quality of things as perceived by the person judging the objects.
 Art is an expression of man as creative.
 Art is a rational creation of man.
4 THEORIES OF ART
 Man as an artist is reckoned in the evidence of history that there has never
been a time when men and women have not been artists.
1. Formalism
 Through art, man might be able to understand himself, express his own
- Art is good when it masters the artistic elements and principles
passions and desires, communicate with others.
2. Imitationalism
Art and the individual
- Art is good when it imitates reality
a. Order
3. Instrumentalism
b. Chaotic
- Art is good when it communicates a message.
c. Therapeutic
4. Emotionalism
d. Biological
- Art is good when it evokes an emotional response.
Art and Society
 Art, Power, and Persuasion
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART
o persuasion
 PERFORMING ARTS
 Involves a deliberate attempt to influence others
- used body as a medium
 People are not coerced; they are instead free to choose through
- an art form that is moving from one place to another
self-persuasion
  VISUAL ARTS  Balance – placing the elements of the composition so that their visual weight
- exist in two-dimensional form and stay in one place is distributed evenly (symmetrical or asymmetrical)
 LITERATURE  Emphasis – creating one or more focal points in a work
- talks about language that affects our imagination and make us think  by arrangement/grouping of objects
 SCULPTURAL  by decoration
- a three-dimensional form that we can touch, see, and etc.  by color contras
 Unity and Variety – gives coherence to a work or make all the elements stick
By Critics together
 FINE ARTS
- works of art that are created primarily for aesthetic reasons Visual Arts: Painting
“the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium”
 APPLIED ARTS
- the application of aesthetic designs to everyday functional objects History (in the Philippines)
 Painting on churches started in Manila with the priests as painter-decorators
SPATIAL/VISUAL ARTS  Painting during the American period has a lesser direct value
 Filipino painters during the American period painted for the love of art.
ELEMENTS  Filipino painters during the war sketched portraits for a living.
 Line – most basic element Subjects
 Color – a phenomenon that humans perceive visually  Landscape – outdoor scenes
o Hue - the name of a color  Still life – natura morta – dead nature; inanimate objects Portraiture – image
o Value - how light or dark a color is of persons
o Intensity - brightness or dullness of a color  Genre – subject matter is everyday life
 Texture – the characteristics of a surface; may be actual (we can feel it) or  Event – e.g. Spoliarium
tactile (we can see but it’s not really there)  Religious – symbolically or allegorically depict
 Pattern – repeated visual form  the doctrines of religion
 Shape – two-dimensional work [regular or irregular (biomorphic)]
 Volume – three-dimensional work
MAJOR PAINTING STYLES (not included in exam)
Realism
PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION  also known as naturalistic
 attempts to represent subject matter truthfully
 Harmony – the principle which produces and impression of unity; there is an
 very precise, detailed, and accurate
order
 representation in art
 Harmony of lines and shapes
 a recurring trend in Christian art
 Harmony of size
Impressionism
 Harmony of color (related or contrasting)
 19th-century art movement which originated with a group of Paris-based
 Harmony of texture
artists
 Harmony of idea
 small, thin yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate
 Rhythm - recurring motifs and designs separated by intervals
depiction of light and its changing qualities
  accurate depiction of light in the ordinary subject matter  most important center: Paris
Post-Impressionism Abstractionism
o Paul Cezanne – father of post-impressionism  used when the artist becomes so interested in one phase of a scene or a
 focused on abstract form and pattern situation that he does not show the subject at all but only his idea or feelings
 images were distorted disregarding the natural colors about it.
Van Gogh, George Seurat, Paul Gauguin  Distortion
 emphasized abstract qualities or symbolic content of art  Elongation
Fauvism  Mangling
 first important art movement of the 1900s Pop Art
 fauves greatly influenced many later artists  uses images of popular culture
o Henri Matisse – leader  started in Britain and the US during the mid-to- late 1950s
 tried to paint pictures of comfort, joy, and pleasure  often takes imagery that is currently used in advertising
 use of extremely bright colors
Expressionism RELATED FIELDS IN THE STUDY OF HUMANITIES
 a modernist movement (initially in poetry andpainting)
 Originated in Germany- 20th century  Anthropology: “What makes us human?”
 To represent the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it  Came from two (2) greek words: anthrope – man ; logy – science
radically for emotional effect  The study of humanity
 express meaning rather than physical reality  It gives a broader understanding of the nature of man and he human
 Edvard Munich potential
Cubism  Goal: To understand our
 early 20th century art movement o Evolutionary origins
 pioneered by George Braque & Pablo Picasso o Distinctiveness
 this revolutionized European painting and sculpture o Diversity
 the most influential art movement of the 20th century
 It takes the abstract form through the use cone, cylinder, or sphere at the ** The goal of anthropology is to understand not just our evolutionary origins but
expense of other pictorial elements. as well as the things that make us humans distinct.
Dadaism
 born out of negative reaction to the horrors of World War 1  History: “What happened?”
 begun by a group of artists and poets  Systematic study of the families, societies, and the great men
 rejected reason and logic, prizing nonsense, irrationality and intuition  It provides basis in the questions and concepts that have influenced
 rejected the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works people and have helped to shape the conditions of humans today.
 anti-war politics, anti-bourgeois, radical left
Surrealism  Philosophy: “Who am I?”
 cultural movement that began in early 1920s  from the greek words philos – wisdom; sophia – love
 aim was to resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and  Love of wisdom
reality  The search for knowledge and truth, especially about the nature of man
 illogical scenes with photographic precision, strange creatures from everyday and his behavior and beliefs
objects, expression of the unconscious
 developed out of the Dadaism
  Sociology: “How does society shape who we are?”
 The study of human social relationships and institutions
 Tackles about the important matters in our personal lives, our
communities, and the world.
 Some of the things that are being studied in sociology are family
conflicts, deviant behavior, aging, and also religious faith.
 How human action and consciousness both shape and are shaped by
surrounding cultural and social structures.
 Linguistics: “How are Languages Learned?”
 The systematic study of human language
 Seeks to describe what human languages are like, how languages develop
and change, and how people learn and use language.
 Visual and Performing Arts
 To expand knowledge of the human condition and human cultures,
especially in relation to behaviors, ideas, and values expressed in works
of human imagination and thought
o Visual Arts - arts that are said to evoke emotions through an
expression of skill and imagination (painting, drawing, sculpting)
o Performing Arts - arts where artists use his own face, body, and
presence
SOME FAMOUS ARTISTS
Vincent Van Gogh
 Dutch painter
 One of the most well-known post-impressionist artists
 Considered to be one of the most influential artists who helped in laying
down the foundations of modern art
 Van Gogh was not really popular when he was still alive; he was only
able to sell one painting. He only became popular after his death
 Most popular painting: Sunflowers, The Potato Eaters, Starry Night –
because of the painting’s timelessness and universality, it exceeded the
popularity of its creator; Starry Night was painted when Van Gogh was in
the asylum; considered as Van Gogh’s dreamy interpretation of the
asylum room.
Leonardo da Vinci
 A painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer and draftsman
- the epitome of a true Renaissance man
 he made remarkable contributions to engineering, architecture, science,
urban planning, cartography, philosophy, and anatomy during the
Renaissance.
 His works were revolutionary because they were realistic and expressive
 His art is very naturalistic; such that, although he has a lot of
contributions to art his most important contribution is the
development of sfumato technique or the new way of blending glazes.
This technique made the figures in a painting living and breathing
subjects.
 Famous works: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, Vitruvian Man
Pablo Picasso
 Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and stage designer
 one of the greatest artists of the 20th century
 Known for the art movement known as Cubism (an artistic movement which
employs geometric shapes in depictions of human and other forms)
 Famous works: The Weeping Woman, Guernica, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
Michelangelo
 A painter, sculptor, architect and poet
 Widely considered as one of the most brilliant artists of the Italian
Renaissance
 Chief architect of St. Peter’s Basilica
 Famous works: The Sistine Chapel - one of the most famous painted interior
spaces in the world; David – perfection of the most famous statue
Ludwig van Beethoven
 German composer
 Regarded as the greatest composer who ever lived
 Predominant musical figure in the transitional period between the Classical
and Romantic eras
 Beethoven’s personal life was marked by a struggle against deafness; he
started losing hearing at the age of 26
 Works: Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 9, Moonlight Sonat
William Shakespeare
 England’s national poet; greatest dramatist of all time
 His works are about life, love, death, revenge, grief, jealousy, murder, magic,
and mystery
 he was able to enrich his vocabulary. He came up with new
  English words. Researchers have proved that out of 17,677 words used by
Shakespeare, 1,700 were new words.
 He also has important contributions in theater since most of his works are top
rated plays
 Famous works: Romeo and Juliet; Hamlet

SOME FAMOUS FILIPINO ARTISTS

Jose Rizal
 A hero, a patriot, and a writer
 He also made various paintings, sketches, and also sculptures
 The topics of his writing were education, religion, and government.
 Famous works: Noli Me Tangere; El Filibusterismo
Fernando Amorsolo
 A portraitist and a painter
 First National Artist
 Grand Old Man of Philippine Art
 When Amorsolo returned back to the Philippines from his studies abroad, he
developed the backlighting technique Chiaroscuro, which became his
trademark.
 Famous works: Maiden by a stream, Planting rice

Juan Luna
 A Filipino Painter, sculptor, and a political activist
 One of the first who was recognized as a Philippine artist
 Famous works: Spolarium – considered as the largest painting in the
Philippines; Death of Cleopatra

Whang-od
 Oldest mambabatok (traditional Kalinga Tattooist)
 Dangal ng Haraya Award for Intangible Cultural Heritage – an award given to
living Filipino artists who have made an impact and significant contribution to
Philippine Culture and arts
 Whang-od is living proof of the tribe’s batok (hand-tapping) culture.
 Whang-od’s tribal tattoo ink is made up of charcoal and water and is
tapped into the skin using a thorn from a citrus tree