AA 3 INTRODUCTION We know that equation x7 + 1 = 0 or x7 = —1 has no solution in veal numbers. as there is no real number whase square is frgate. So. We need fo eaten the teal number system 10 4 larger system so that we can il the solution of such equations. In this chapter. we will define the system of complex: numbers whieh shall accommodate not only real numbers but also square root of negative numbers, IMAGINARY NUMBER Consider the equation x = “1 y= =], Here (1 is not a real number, So. we call it an imaginary number and denote it by Greek leer its, Thus, we have #= \OT, where # =—1 Here “is an imaginary number whose square is “1°. Now, any’ square root of negative number can be expressed in tems of ee. It should be noted that Vab = vG vb only if at least one of the values a and b is non-negative. Ifboth a and B are negative, then using this property, we get some absurd results, See the following calculations. VO, aa (We can’t use Vab = va Vb, when both a and & are negative) Because of using wrong mathematical concept in one step we are geting 6 = -6, INTEGRAL Powers OF loTA (i) Since i= \7I, we have ? =~ 1, ? =-i and # To find the value of (n> 4), first divide n by 4 Letg be the quotient and r be the remainder. ie, m=4q +r, where 0 Upl2yareres 7 4-31 i 4-3) ot 4S i 1 | -6it.,| On real axis, we have axis, we have purely im Purely real numbers and on imaginary taginary numbers,> ote! vlpiation ofa non-zero complex number by rotates the point about origin through ight angle in the anticlockwise direction proof: Let xiv wherex,y>0 i.e. oF point AQ») ies in first quadrant, Now, i= i+) = e+ Pym oy Point B(-y. x) lies in fourth quadrant, Also, ZAOB = 90°, yd = go. & r) +x ‘Thus, Bis obtained by rotating 4 in anticlockwise direction about origin. «+ Multiplication of a non-zero complex number by ~i rotates the point bout origin through a right angle in the clockwise direction. DUGEBRAIC OPERATIONS ON COMPLEX NUMBERS Letwo complex mumbers be 2, = a+ ib and z, = ¢ + id 23) = (a+ ib) + (c+ id) = (a+ c)+i(b + dy =(a-0) + i(b-d) (a~ ib) (c+ id) = (ac ~ bd) + lad + be) a+ ib, then 2 = (a+ iby =a + ih? + iad 2 = (a+ ibp =a) +75? + 3abila + ib) etc atib SAE (oere at east one of and dis non-zr0) (a+ib) (c-id) _ (ac+bd) | i(be - ad) (e+id) (c-id) P+P ote Express each one of the following in the standard form a+ ib. ok git! wy 1 45 SET T=cos@ + 2isind @ SH 451 451 * (20 + 20) +i (16-25) _ 40-91 16 - 2577 a #2. a 4 omnes Numbers 3.3 (ey ea? ty Oe" i 2d Mi _ 642? Vi Mi oe ay 1-cos 0 +2isind . 1 4, S080) 2isin Teos0+2isin@ ” I-c0s@ ~ 2isin® Leos =2isind (e080)? +4sin? 8 _ __Lcos@ = 2isin6 1-2c088 +c0s? 8+4sin? 6 1-cos@ —2i sin 2-2cos6 +3sin? 8 38 ai Jsin@ cos8+3sin? @) | 2~2cos8 +3 i p Solve 21 + ix? 4(2 - x - 5 34= 0. (SON) 20+ pe 42—x-5 -31 42) + Jl62-i' +4.2.0+1)5+3i) 40+) a+) _ 40 CETHORT 449) Find the value of 1)" + (l=). SHB C+ 0% +L —WP=(eP H-FP = [1424p +l 2i+ ep =(2i)? +298 =(8-8)P=0BA Agee ‘(UstRaTION 3.10 oy ysay (1)'-, isi then find the least positive integral value of or or Therefore. the least positive integral value of m is 4. ILLUSTRATION 3.17 /Prove that the triangle formed by the points 1, Vertces in the Argand diagram is isosceles. and ias ‘Sol, The vertices of the wrangle are 4(1), af ic,, vertices of the triangle are A(1,0), af Thus, AB = BC. So. triangle is isosceles WLusTRATION 3.12 Find the values of 6if (3 + 2i sin 8) (1-2 sin 6) is purely real or purely imaginary. 3+ 2isin@ _3+2isind 1+2ising T= 2isin@ 1—2isind 1+ 2isind (3 +24 sin 8) (1 +2é sin 8) L+4sin® 8 3-4 sin? 6 +8isin 6 "14 sin? @ Now 2 is purely real ifsin @= 0 or 8 nm, ne Z. Also, is purely imaginary if 3-4sin? 8=0 or tous Ifthe imaginary part of (22 + 1)/(ie + 1) is 2, then fnd thy Jocus of the point: representing in the complex plane (Sol) Letz=x+ iy 2241 _ Axe tl itl eth) +1 (x +1) + iy Inytix _ Ox) + ity (L-y)-ix (l-y)+hm (-y)-& Qx+) A ) + xy i ( Since imaginary part of (22 + I)/(iz + 1) is -2, we have =x (2x +1) +2y (1- y) d-yf te or Bx + 2y- 2h =I $y Byte] or x +2y-2=0, which is a straight line Qx+1+2y(l~y] yy +x 2 ConsuGarTe OF COMPLEX NUMBER Conjugate of complex number z= a + ib is defined a eg, for: for for Thus, on complex plane for ordered pair (a, ) its conjugee is (a,b). Clearly, (a, ~b) isthe reflection of (a,b) in real axis. 2Re (2) Gil) 2-2 = 2iIm(@e) iy = Ay) 2+ 2906 zis purely imaginary (vi) B= {Re(z)}* + {Im(=)}? 2 o> zis purely real vii) 2+ vill) 3pets we can say th when ne N e) > voy Oand 2xy <0 o complex mumber such that |= 4, then Bu ny<0 «rea bouaded by the locus of = eal 1 iat ILLUSTRATION 3.1.7, = 242, where z +s eqation forms square with vertices (42, 0) and (0, 42) = 2Re(2) uare is 8 ; oneal Hence, given complex number is purely rea ge SECTION FORMULA IN COMPLEX NUMBERS. Consider two points 4 and B in the argand plane having complex numbers 2) =x, + yy and 25 =x + ivy A= (x,y) and Be (xp, yy). Ata) Coordinates of point P dividing 42 internally inthe ratio m:n are my + ns, + my ven by (22+ M4 ya +m) : »( mtn mtn sie >in =pi+g Complex number of point P is, imp + my { mys +m a 2 | | [exits in the third quadrant, then prove that = also oo a inthe third quadrant when yx=+4 and) From (2), 2xy is negative. So, x and y are of opposite signs. Hence. x= 4 and y=~3 orx=—4 and y= 3, + iy. Then, aw and 2xy=12 @ HLUSTRATION 3.27 Q) — Boive for 2:2 - (3-22 = (51-5), ‘Sol. On solving (1) and (3), we get 2 =9andy? =4=5.x= 33 and y= +2 From (2), 2ey is positive. So, x and y are of the same sign, Hence, and Si-5) or (3-2 -(Si-5) _ B= 214 \G=28 orx=-3and) Hence, V5 + 12i = 2(3 + 24). bal 2 ii) Let +0). Then, _ B= 214 \O=4=127+207=20 VIS —Bi=x+ iy 2 or -15-8i=(x+ iy’ = G=2i)+ VBI-15 or -15~ 81 = (x) + iy 2 or -15=x4-7 () Now VIS+8F and 2xy=-& Q) 1 — . ooo +f (a5 15) «J (Vamm +15) or (2+ y= (A15)? + 64 = 289 =a Fai) or 417 __ 3-2it(+4i) ‘On solving (1) and (3), we get | 2 = Landy? = 16 = x=41 and y= 34 = z=(2+)and(1-39uel acest at 3 it 1, (a+) ~iGa then find a and b, | ae all nonzero complex numbers zsatisfyin ae if'ab, care nonzero real numbers and + as purely imaginary roots, then prove that | 44 Ifthe sum of square of roots ofthe equation x2 + (p+ igh 1+3i=0is 8, then find the values of p and g, where p and | jue real | Find the square root of 9+ 40% | | | | 1 NTF = + (a + ib), then find Vx ANSWe! ap CUBE ROOTS OF UNITY. 1°. Then, > z=lorz= >, the cube roots of unity are 1, (1 + iV3)/2 and (-1 ~ iN3)/2. ‘early, one of the roots of unity is real and the other two are omplex. >ROPERTIES OF CUBE ROOTS OF UNITY 1. Each complex cube root of unity is the square of the other. Proof: ‘Complex cube roots of unity are (-1 + N3)/2 and (-1 — 32. Now, dif +37 _1-2iv3-3 vB 4 4 14 2iv3 437 _142iN5-3 _(-+iv3 7 4 ag 2 Hence, each complex cube root of unity is the square of the other. It follows from the above discussion that if we denote one ofthe complex cube roots of unity by « (omega), then the other complex cube root of unity is 07 2 6, “Complex Numbers 3.9 = (14 NBY2 oh =(1-132 Clearly, @ = oF and oF = 0, Let Then Integral powers of © ‘Since @ is a root of the equation z’ -1 = 0, it satisfies the equation :’ 1 = 0. Therefore, @-1=00rg'=1 Since «w= 1, we have af’ = of, where ris the least non- negative remainder obtained by dividing m by 3. For example, o!* = (a) P= (a oh = a= oF, = Lo = (a?) o= 0 }. The sum of three cube roots of unity is zero, i. lhore Proof: a1+ ee _ 2-13 -1-iN3 7 2 ‘The product of three cube roots of unity is 1 Proof: Three cube roots of unity are 1, @, and af. So, the product of cube roots of unity is 1x @* af = = 1 . Each complex cube root of unity is the reciprocal of the other. Proof: We have, ox @ =@=1>0= pa = and a? = — o o — @, and ~ @, where @is complex Cube roots of -1 are—1, cube root of unity. Proof: z=? or or or or ‘The idea of finding cube roots of 1 and -1 can be extended to find cube roots of any real number. If a is any positive real number, then a!” has values a a @, and a! or. Ifa is a negative real number, then a!” has values -ja)!°, {a\" @, and a)" @, For example, 8" has values 2, and 247 whereas (-8)"" attains values -2, -20, and -2a. If, @, are cube roots of unity and n isa positive integer, 3. hen nis an é then bait gph = 22 When risa multiple of 3 (0, when » is not a multiple of 3 Proof Case I: 1 is a multiple of 3 In this case, n = 3m for some positive integer m. Thus, Leal +a =1+ 0" oi +(@y" + (@)"= 14141 2 (@y"= "= Land (a) pn3.10 Algebra Case HE: nis nota multiple of 3. Tn this case, n= 3+ 1 ot n= 3nr4+2 forsome positive integer m, When 1 = 3m + 1. Valter 1e git + oh? =1 0" ard a = 1H "or ("oF =14at@=0 When n= 3m +2, Te @+o"=140 at =1+0"e +0" ot 1+ a +(@P"o'o =1+@+o=0 8 Factorization of a + b* and a ~ 6° a+ p= (a+ Ma" ab+ PY = (a> bya + baxa+ bar) (a— bya? + ab +B) =(a—bXa- baa - bar) and 9, Factorization of a + b° + c} ~ 3abe a+b) —3abe (a+ b+ cla" +B +c*— ab be-ca) a+ b+0)(a+ bo cw) (a+ bar + cw) 10. Cube roots of unity epresent vertices of equilateral triangle con the Argand plane ILLUSTRATION 3.28 Solve the equation (x 1)° + 8 = 0 in the set Cof all complex numbers. (Sol) We have, (1-820 orl 1-8 ore 1-8) or x= 201)! : or x 2= 21) or x 1= 2-0) ore wo) fe CY! =-1or-@or-a] eed Cee Oe 120? G2 fe on x= t-20 — orx= 1-20 Hence, the solutions ofthe equation (x1) # are 1-1 20, and | - 26f. than or equal to 3 but not fn is an odd integer that is greater than of eH Pali ea, iecihwore tat it J) awe Oreo pedts Sol. Let flxy= (r+ 1-1 Pa tyes? Het Dax (r= Or oF) 10)= (0+ 1)" 0" 1=0 o)= (4 Wyo = (0-0 =o oh Hy, when m is nota multiple of 3. fat) (a + 1y"- "1 = ay" ahh when iis nota multiple of 3. 30 ‘ois an imaginary root of unity. Prove that () (a+ bart cat)! + (a+ bo? + con? = (2a~b~c) (26-a~c) (2¢~a~b), (i) Ifa + b+ e=0, then prove that (a+ b+ cat)’ + (a+ bo? + co) = 2abe, (e+ oF" 1)=0 ILLUSTRATION Sol. (i) Leta+bo+ cof =xand a+ bor + Then, Py (a+ bot ca’) + (a+ bar + ca = (et yet an yte+ oy) xt aya (at boca") + ofa bor * co) =(1+ aa (1+ ab +207 = aF(2c-a-b) Similarly, x+ y= @(2b-a~c) = (et yrt e+ oy) = @(2a-b-c) (2e-a-b\2b-a-c) Qa~b~c) 2e-a-b)2b—a-e) athe 3 b+e=-acta=-b andatb=-c Putting these values on the RH. of result (i), we get (a+ bat car) + (a+ bo + cay = 2abe iucusrnarion/33 1 Find the complex number «satisfying the equation =" = Sian Iying in the second quadrant on the complex plane a)! > = sloreora* 2 > = Mor Ziwor iw" » radon af Hence, = -2/ or + V3 or i V3 out of which i ~ V3 lies in OF second quadrant ee— [LUSTRATION 3.32 Ko bro complex cube root of unity then find the value of + where, a, bode R ee a 1 Sk To b@ cro d+o @ io ‘king conjugate on both sides, we get 2 bro aro subiracting, we get Lae -o)Y —1_, (2+ 0)(a+e' u eRe eae tas tees 1, Ifqrand Bare imaginary cube roots of unity, then find the value of a + f+ 1a). 2. If@is a complex cube root of unity, then find the value of (1+ 0) (1+ 7) (1 +o) (1 + @) - to 2n factors. 3. Write the complex number in a + ib form using cube roots, | of unity: (i+ V3) + G—NB)I + 21? | 4 Ife 1, then find the value of 2'% +2. 5, Find the common roots af x"? —1=0,x4 +37 +1 =0. 6. Ifo, B, yare the roots of equation x° — 3x7 + 3x +7=0 and @ is cube roots of unity, then find the value of y-1 a-1 B-1 7-1 7. Prove that P+ 31+ 3 is a factor of (¢+ 1)" + (r+ 27" for all integral values of n € N. ANSWERS _ POLAR FORM OF COMPLEX NUMBER We know that complex number z = x + iy on the Argand plane presents the ordered pair (x, y) or point P(x, J) Complex Numbers 3.12 Let lie inthe first quadrant on Argand plane as shown in the following figure: wet 8) Poy) Now, zxhiy™ af (cos @+ i sin 8) 2 |z\(eos 0+ isin 0 is called polar form of complex number. Tthas mainly two components; modulus and argument. Moputus oF Comtex NUMBER From the figure,|z|= yx? +9" = OP= distance of (x + iy) from origin. [is called modulus of complex number Jewe(ayy (Amz) and |2|20. Clearly, For example, @ [344i] = Ve 5—12i|= (5) + (i) [3-144 ete, Note ‘© We know that for two complex numbers z; and 23, 2 > 22 is meaningless; but [z3| > |za| means that the distance of 2; from origin is more than the distance of z, from origin. ‘* Infinite complex numbers having same value of [z| lie on circle which has centre at origin and radius as {2\ ARGUMENT OF COMPLEX NUMBER The angle @ which OP makes with positive x-axis is called the argument or amplitude of z and is denoted by arg() or amy From the figure, we have tan) =22m@ x Rez) This angle @has infinitely many values differing by multiples of 2m. ‘The unique value of @ such that - < 6 < zis called the principal value of the amplitude or principal argument. This formula for determining the argument of = = x + iy has severe drawback, because z, = I + iV3 anc ~ iN are two distinct complex. numbers represented by two distinct points in the Argand plane, but their arguments seem to be tan '\3 = 7/3 or 4n/3 which is not correct. In fact, the argument is the common solution of the simultaneous trigonometric equations x : i sind = w Py? cos 6 for 0¢ Cx, | ety3.2 Algebra Argument of zin Different Quadrants (25+ 3 lies im the first quadrant («> 0494» rom figure, tan a= [ys and = Then are tan 0) (i) 2 = e+ iz lies im the sevond quadrant (x O and y-<0) 4y. | From figure, an a= ly) and @ = ~ ; ILLUSTRATION 3.52 eee il = (et Gey? +)? + (4r'y— 4"? Ifz= ay , then find amp(2), i ILLUSTRATION 3.49 )= iy and arg(z;) = 70°, then find the principal hea" ( Sol. arp(e;2:)= are(zy) + are, lies in the third quadrant. Hence, its principal argument arg (2) = ILLUSTRATION 3-50 Find the value of the expression / [eS ising (en +sin) too z 2 ? Fy n Qn on © « “Thus, z lis in third quadrant with principal argument — 1+ ===> (os Ein) (cain) 0 zm 2 2 2 ILLUSTRATION 3.53 [fz=x+ iyand w= (1 i)(@~2. then show that bw| = 1 >= is purely real. |Sol. Wehave, whet lie| IN ret escre oer emnnirnermiec mma 3.8 Algebra 1 a or [Li (x + iy) |= het iy al, wherez =x + iy or f+y-aj= fr tio Dl or ey Hey = HO“? or (tyes tr l¥ or = ; which is purely real x+i0= ILLUSTRATION 3.54 iven that complex numbers =; and z, satisfy lz = 2 and Ifthe included angle of their corresponding vectors is. Iis gi (Sol, Let =, = 2(c0s @+ isin (c0s (8+ 60°) + sin (0+ 60°) (cos + isin) cos 60+ isin60")= ipa 4) 7+ 3v3 [=i | alee 8) 5 v8 Wi If 22/32, is a purely =2)le +22). (Sol) As given, let Mey of 2=3% 3 _ 2” 3 Wo | qeley he 25 3) ILLUSTRATION 3.57 If eomplex numer satis the system of equations + aay and 2°!" = 1, then find z Akko, From (1) and (2), we have H=lol=! 1. Forz= $00 + 3), = d+ 9/83 — 0), prove that |= Esl = 2 Urls iyicri then find the value of tan! (b/a) + tan '(d/). 4, It, 2, and zy, 2g are to pairs of conjugate complex numbers, then find the value of arg(2\/24) + are(@s!=s) ‘4. Find the modulus, argument, and the principal argument the complex numbers ———-— —+— or EE imo sin 5 5 5. (ML +2904 39 (L =f then show a 2x5xl0¥ x(t =¥ ty 2 = 6 Watie= SAD, prove tata? + P= E40 I+ r+)? 7, Let z be a complex number satisfying the equation (2 +3) =~ 16, then find the value off 8. If Gis real and 2, are connected by 25 +=3 +2222 0088 then prove thatthe triangle formed by vertices Oy, and 2 is isosceles, a and amp (23 -%9)/9-) jrcle, then find its centre and 2 agate Answers DB antencz | | 30 En 4. Modulus argument = 1 Se 20 Hera 0-1 »} ire = (10/3, 0); Radius = 2/3, st c‘ratement: Sif) If € Z (the set of integers), then {(c0s0+ i sinB)" = C0 n+ i sin nd ji) Ife Othe set of rational numbers) then cos n0 | one ofthe values of (cos Oi singye enna Ne of: Pi) When € Z. we know that = cos 8+ isin @ or (€%)"= (Cos 0+ isin 6” or et" = (cos 8+ isin 6)" for €08(78) +i sin(n8) = (cos 04 in oy" {i Let be a rational number. Let = pig. gers and q #0. From part (i), we have [net = cos p+ isin pé here p,q are inte 8 0 = cos +isin ] is one of the values of gq (cos p8 + isin pO) D8 8 = cos +sin is one of the values of [(cos 6+ i sin oy)" e = cos + isin? is one of the values of q q (cos 6+ isin Oy" Note: + De Moivre’s theorem is also true for (cos @— isin 6), ie., (cos 6—i sin 6)" = cos n8— i sin n®, because (cos 8— i sin 8)" = [cos(-@) + i sin(-6))" ‘os(-n8) + i sin (-n8) = cos n6- isin n8. © Sab ciao =(cos 6+ isin 6) ' = cos @—isin @ (sin 6+ i cos 8)" # sin 8 i cos n6. (sin 8+ icos 8)" = [cos (1/2 8) + isin(x/2~8)J" = cos (nx/2.~ n) + isin (nn!2~n8) (cos 8+ isin 6)" # cos n@+ isinng Express the following in a + ib form: : cos 8+ isin @ |’ © | Sine 10058 (iy LOPO=isin28) (ose (cos30 + isin30) °(cos30— isin30)” ' “ q (i) (sinn/8 on (sina/8 — icos7/8) 0 (seecee) (cos@-+isiné)’ _(cos@+isin®) sind +ic0s6) — i (cos - isin6)* Complex Numbers 3.49 (cos0 + isin)" {cos + isin) * (cos 80 + i sin 6)" cos 80/80 (cos 20—sin 20)" (c0s40 + isin 49) * a, 7 7 10830 + isin30) ’ (cos30 — isin 30) [lomo isin) f [eoo ssn] (cos@ + isin@)! (co +isin@)* ‘{ } (cos + isind) "(cos + isin) (cos @ +isind)*(cos@+isin@y” = (cos 6+ isin @y*~™* 6-77 (cos 6+ isin 8” 105 490- isin 490 (sin /8+icosm/8)* (sin /8—icos x /8)* Gi) (-i¥ (cos /8+isin x /8)° cosm ising _ cosm+isin "Sol Given that (Fa) + SH iH 4 cos St = cos % tisin =F +e08-F isin 6 6 6 Hence, Im(z) = 0. Prove that the roots of the equation x* rectangle. -w+4=0 eo EET a i 2 X = af ean) a o i{ow% sisi)3.20 Algebra yey ‘Clearly these points forms reetangl ILLUSTRATION 3.61 (cos 6 + i sin 6)" ~ (cos @ i sin@y" (cos @ + i sin 8)” + (cos @ ~ i sin 8)" 2i sin n@ 2 cos nf) = ita n6 _ =i sin no 2 eos nf =~ itan n8 Mf2=x-+ jyis complex number with x, y € Q and |o|~ 1, then show that "1 isa rational number for every n € NV Sol j=1 = = Now cos @and sin 8€ 0. Also, Pay am—ty (ez " - ene yy = (242) 2 cos 2n 8= 4 sin? nd = P= 1)=2 sin nd} Now, sinn6="C, cos’-' 8 sin @~"C; cos’? @sin? 9+ -.- ational number ( Rational number in 8, cos @ are rationals) ILLUSTRATION 3,63 Itz = cos 0+ isin 8 is @ root of the equation a2" + g zi az"? +o dy 24a, ~ 0, then prove that 4 (0) a+ ay £08 8+ a, 608 20+ »-- + a,cos nO=0 (i) a sin 8+ a3 Sin 20+ + 4, sin n= 0 Sol. Dividing the given equation by 2", we get Fay (2! "+az"=0 = cos 6+ i sin 8 satisfies the above equation, fy tage! + age? 4 aytaye + az Now, ~— ke, ag tae + ayer ton ta, em Ps gest (ay + 4,008 8+ a, C08 20+ --- + ayc05 n8) ~ilaysin 8+ ain 20 +--+ a, sin ny, = ay +.aycos 8+ a, cos 20+ +.4,c05 n= 6+ 8,sin 20+ --- +4, sin n= 0 ici dahieaa nals eet tts Express the following in a + ib form: | ry (cosa +isinor)* ) itemeetene| | (sin B +icos B)> T+ c0s@—ising fe) (608a+isina(cos B+ isin B) {Cosy isin 7 (eos +isind) 2, Find the value ofthe following expression: 0 x x | 1-cos~ +isin™ 3. Ifie* + 1=0, then prove that z can take the value cos 1/8 +i sin 1/8. 4. Ifmis a positive integer, then prove that (+a at =(2y"? oo) | 5. tte= (a+ ity’ + (6+ ia shen prove tat Re(2) = nf | where a, be R. 6. Ifcos a+ cos B+ cos y=O and also sin a+ sin + si then prove that (8) cos 20+ cos 2B + cos 2y = sin 20+ sin 2+ sin2)=0 (b) sin 3cr+ sin 38+ sin 37=3 sin (a+ B+ 7) (©) cos 3+ cos 38+ cos 3y= 3 cos (+ B+) _____ANswers 1. (a) sin (4ar+ 5B) ~i cos a+ 5B) (b) cosnp+ isinng (©) cosat B~ 7-8) +isiniar+ B-y~3) 1 ry 2 IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF MODULUS ‘There are some important properties of modulus which cat helpful to solve many problems involving complex numbers. # us study these properties, Property 1: lePwel = tL find the value of [, JLLUSTRATION 3.65, It qcand fare different complex numbers with [B | find the value of (Ba) / (1 -GB)). Sol. Given. | B . then =(442)5+%) 24345 +47 t42 |, P +) zp? 42Re(4 2) (+, Also, if 2, =z, |e and 2, =|) |e then sa) 1 +2,/ ) + | zy fF #2Rell 2, [I > Le lz, P +] zp #21; [h 2 |e0818,~ 0) 1x? +l f 2lzlz1 Thus, 2, +257 <(lai1+l20) Or jay +e] $|eil+ la Replacing z, by ~z,, we get laa) Slal+ lz] ‘Similarly, we can prove the result (ii) and hence, (ey #2312 [lz1—lzl Complex Nuners 3.2% ILLUSTRATION 3.66 Prove that jz, + 29{° = \z\|’ + f2y2, if ,/2) is purely imaginary. Sol. Given or ce a2 C] Hence, =. is purely imaginary a ILLUSTRATION 3.67 Let [@, ~22,) / (2-2y2,)1= 1 and ley # 1, where z; and =, are ‘complex numbers. Show that [z| = 2. or or or HH, -25 or fab ale or fafa fa +4 oc [af -laP) +4 or zp{-1Nfa -4)=0 or fxl=2 ILLUSTRATION 3.68, If 2, and 2, are two complex numbers and ¢ > 0, then prove that 2 HAPS tO P+ FeO Sol, We have to prove tas take hte dbs which is always tru.3.22. Algebia Property 3: distance between two complex numbers A(z)) and B(z3) fon the Angand plan Wy FOO. 4 A) ley Fi 99) FO mF toy Distance between points A(x) and BU 3) IE C2) = distance between complex numbers are the affixes of four points in the Argand isthe affix of a point such that e—2y| = [2~z, —=yi then prove that “sare concyeli. (Sa Were Therefore. the point having affix zis aidstant from the four points having affixes =, ‘Thus, = is the affix of either the center ofa circle or the point of intersection of diagonals of a rectangle, Therefore, are coneyclie. 21+, then prove that ar(s,) = arg(z;) ‘s1|* edethen prove that arg(=,)—arg(e,) = = 11+ be = AB =40~ 0B as shown in the figure = Points A(2,), O10), B(-2,) are collinear = A(z), ly and C(Z,) are collinear as shown in figure = nglay)~ angle.) Alternate method: fe +2 bel + bal or sl + BP + Dele or + 2Re(=yE) ~ ley! + Neal? + eles) = = OB i) fe, ~2q1= el * Fl = (0+ OB as shown in the figure. Ac) Ben | Points, Oforigin),z, ar colinea as shown ing, Ifarg(z,) = 8, Sen eatr)- O-n => angle) arg(e,)= Alternate method: ~2)= lel + lel or key 2a? = fy? + kal? + Dell for ka? + keg? ~ 2Re(z,22) = ly? + lel? + zz or -2Re(=\Z3) = 2eilzx| = ~6)—1 Property 4: Geometrical representation of addition and subtractions complex numbers: Let 2; and =) be two complex numbers represented by pois! and Q, respectively. Now 01 Let R represents the complex number = + Now PR stance between comple nurnbers (2) + 23) — l= 00 Similarly, OR = Mey 4 2))~24~ |e Hence, points O, P, R, O completes the parallelogram. Also in triangle OPR, we have OP + PR> OR In above result replacin feyl + bel > iy — or e+ kal >Also when =, are collinear, we have 1 + Fes) nthe figure, OPR’O’ isa paralletogramn, Th OP= O'R’ =| and 00 = 09 - PR +1+11$lal+lal+lal Ho beylS1E|+ Leal += Lgl ‘Show that the area of the triangle on the Argand diagram formed by the complex numbers z, iz, and 2 + i= is (1/2)l2/°. (Sal) Let the vertices of the triangle be A(z), B(iz), Cle + iz). We know that iz is obtained by rotating OA through an angle 90° in anticlockwise direction. Also, point z + iz can be obtained by completing the parallelogram two of whose adjacent sides are (04 and OB. From Argand diagram, it is clear that Clr +2) Bz) Area of AABC = Area of AOAB | 04208 (itis right angled at point 0} 2 1 xk zlellel Ie | i Wy=2. Fini the sintaeaelaete 130 ‘Sou 2 e-3]-b+ isle +e => ee-2/22 = fete Thus, minimum value of |2~ 1] is !- Complex Numbers 3.23 ILLUSTRATION 3.73, Find the greatest and the least value of lz + 224+ ae lue of + z ify = 24+ Ti SOW le, + Sle Fld = (244 Ti +6 =2546=31 Also, fey +231 fey 29912 belle => key +2q225-6]=19 Hence, the least value of 2, +2, is 19 and the greatest vale is 25, If z is @ complex number, then find the minimum value of i+ lel + f22—3), SOL) B= |e) + fe~1] + 22-3) = bl +b I+(3-22|22+2-1+ 3-25) i+ [eI +22 3)22 Therefore, minimum value of Eis 2 ILLUSTRATION 3.75 Ie) — 1 $1, zp ~ 2) $2, 5 ~3) $ 3, them find the greatest value of +2, +24 Sol. by +224 251= Ke, - + G22) + -3) 61 Shy M+ y- 2+ Bs —3)4+6 $142434+6=12 Hence, the greatest value is 12. ‘utus Prove the following inequalities: y i) (2-1 Stellar + li @ ‘Slarg2| (cos 0+ isin 8) = E-| =|eos 0+ isin 8 1) == Zoos 28 = Jasin? > (~ [sin 8] S14 = [a= relarg =|+ el 1 Risen aul e stds ia ictatatabelletaietted 1. a,b, care three complex numbers on the unit circle le|= 1. such that abe = a+ b+, Then find the value of lab + be + cal. 2. Let=\be nota real number such that (1-42 +2°)/(1 242) R, then prove that [z|= 1 3.1 are distinct nonzero complex numbers and a, boce R’ such that then find the value of 4. Tf, and z; are two complex numbers such that l5\/< 1 < Eq) then prove that (1 He-Z1< 1 8. (@) If)- | then prove that arg (b) Tele, +23)=1e1/— leh thenprove that arg(=\)~ara(z) 6. For any complex number =, find the minimum value of is any complex number such that | the greatest value of f+ I| & Ze C satisfies the condition (Z| > 3. Then find the least le +4) <3, then find | vate of +4 4. Ifa, care nonzero complex numbers of equal moduli and satisfy ax" then prove that | (5-1) /28e1S05+0/2 4, then find the maximum value of lic +3~4il, | | z, be the complex numbers such that | b= Aa (s+ | sperm (a) zisareal number (b) 0< 2517 answers 62 26 68 88 ti 30 LOCUS BASED ON DISTANCE FORMULA ‘We know thatthe distance between two comptes nthe Argand plane given By Ey, ie dus ary co determine the Focus of few uations using distance formula caret Ptz) be a variable point and AC ints in the Argand plane. ‘numbers 2; and nplex Biz.) be two fined [From (1) From the figure, AP = BP. ‘Thus, the distance of z from two fixed points 2, an same. Hence, = lie segment joining 2, and 2) 2 I 1s on the perpendicular bisector of the a+ 2-21 = ky al j—_ ke AG) Pe) Blas) ~—— -§ ——— From the figure, AP + PI ‘Therefore, z ies on the line segment joining, dz, From the figure, AP ~ BP = AB. Therefore, 2 lies on the ray emanating from point shown in the figure. From the figure, |AP ~ BP| = AB. ies on the two rays emanating from poit* and B moving in opposite directions. 5, fe 2\| =r where ris constant From the figure, AP =r ive, Pis at constant distance from A. So, lies on the circle whose centre isa =, and ra! isi ~; = bowhere he R Therefore, equation ofcitce is clei and ratios i. Ja Forreal cece, ai ~ b> 0 Points satisfying the equation 0 Centre of e 4G) From the figure, AP" + BP? = 4B. So, angle subtended by 4B at point P is 90° Hence. = lies on the circle whose diameter is line segment joining =, and =), 4; where kis constant and k> [zy ~ 2 From the figure, AP + BP = k (constant). = AP>PB= AB=k+ AB (constant) So, perimeter of triangle ABP is constant. So, lies on the ellipse whose foci are 2, and 2. Also, 2; ~ 23| = 2ae, where ‘a’ is semi-major axis and e is eccentricity. Eccentricity of ellipse, e= —17=** ;: where k is constant and k < [zy ~ 241. Pay AP ~ BP| = k (constant) So, 2 lies on the hyperbola whose foci are z, und 2, Also, |2, - 23] = 2ae, where ‘a’ is semi-major axis and ¢ is eccentricity 2-411 l Eccentricity of hyperbola, e= ~~ or or or Compler Numbers 3.25 =k #01 \ we have 4? —§ HP nny 1K { . pie die) trey We have two positions of point P(z) as P,(2’) and P.(2"). In theratiok: |, P, and P, divide AB intemally and externally, respectively. Now, we have another position of P in the plane as P.(2’”) such that 8 = 5 aP, So, from the property of angle bisector, in tangle APB. PsP; is angle bisector of ZAP,B. Also, P,P, is external angle bisector of Z4P,B. Now, PsP; 1 P,P, (as two bisectors are always perpendicular). So, points P,, P, and P, lie on the circle having P,P, as 2 diameter. ‘Thus, z lies on the circle. If k> 1, z lies inside the circle. Ifk< 1,2; lies inside the circle. Diameter of the circl ae a) afar k-al=r Hence, locus of z is circle having center a and radius r.3.26 Neon NuustRaTiON 3.78 fz is any complex number such that |3 then identify the locus of = Sol. If P(=) be any point 4 = (2/308 Pas PB=4 Clearly, 4B = 4/3 = PA + PB= AB = Plies onthe line ILLusTRATION 3.79 If |s|=1 and let = is equivalent to ‘Sol. Given Coa o+0=0 = ois purely imaginary. Hence, «lies on the y-axis. +2 == lies on perpendicular bisector of line which isthe imaginary axis. segment joining 2 and ILLUSTRATION 3.60 Let: bea complex number having the argument 6, 0<@<7/2, and satisfying the equation | z ~ 3: . Then find the value of cot 8-6/2 Sol :-3/=3 So. = lies on circle having centre 3/ and radius 3. Le ==r(cos 8+ isin 6) a Now, r=OAsin@=6sin@ lo 6 sin 8(cos 6+ isin 8) i} ; Pee) or —_____ Sin 6 (c0s 6 + isin 8) _ cos 6 isin 8 =e sin 8 + cot 6 or coto~ = ILLUSTRATION 3.87 Bile 5 How many solutions the system of equations z 4) and |z|=4 has? Sok [e+ 4[-le-3il=5 or et 4[-e-3i|= 4 +34 wy ———— Mn, in opposite directions. jel represe wing centre at origin and radius ints a cincle ha hele Sipe eee crepes! ‘| t Clearly, curves intersect at two points, A and B. Hence, system of equations has two solutions. ILLUSTRATION 3:82) Prove that jz~2)|° + 2~Za the Argand plane if 2a 2 [2 ~ 2 will represent areal cirelece se. SG - = Fi +m )-F@\+ = =-(435)- ‘ ‘Above equation is of the form =? + a + @z + B= 0. whit represents the real circle if oi ~ B20 represents the equation of eit then find the value of 2 2 ean . \ Clearly, this represents the equation of circle with least radivs if (2-+3i) and (5 + 70 are end points of diameter ofthe circle. = (243i) —(5+ TP = 134i = = 25 ee1 E=S! = kis the equation of circle with complex number tying inside the circle, find the values of k a) We have « this is equation of circle if k #0, 2 k fv les inside the circle then = >1 or k> 2. 3, Forthree non-collinear complex numbers Z, Z, and Zy, +3|S8,then find the range of values of|s—4), prove tat Z -lz-z RS thenprove that: lieson the circle c0s0 ising °F 6. How many solutions system of equations. arg( = ~-m4 and |z + 4|-|z—3i] = 5, has? 7. Prove that equation of perpendicular bisector of line segment joining complex numbers z, and +2 @)~2)+ ky? leaP 2-3) isa 8. Ifcomplex number z lies on the curve 7 +1 ~ find the locus of the complex number 1, Perpendicular bisector of the line joining 0 + Oi and 0(13)i 2. Circle having center at 1 + i0 and radius 1 4. 1<|2-4)<9 6, Nosolution 8. Acircle ANSWERS _ | ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES AND. ROTATION FORMULA ANGLE BETWEEN TWO RAYS ‘We know that in the Argand plane, direction of ray is measured in terms of argument. Now, let us get the formula for the angle between two rays. Compoe Numbers 3.27 Consider three points Pt and R(ey) in the argand plane as shown in the Figure : hen Let angle subtended by QR at point P be 0. Now, sift ZRPQ at origin so that points P, Q and R shiftto points (0, 0 and R’, respectively. So, OQ’= PQ=|z,~z\| and OR’ = PR= [25 Also, 00’ is parallel to PQ and OR’ is parallel to PR. So, complex number for point Q’ is (¢)~=;) and that for point R” is (¢5—2,) such that arg (¢) ~z) = @ and arg (23 ~ = O= 8,— 8, = arg(zs ~ 2) — arg(=> ~~ EQUuarion oF Ray We know that infinite complex numbers with the same argument ‘on the ray emanating from the origin but excluding origin. Now, arg(z) = @, where = =. + iy tan y t20 Ze tane or (tan xSo. this ray isthe part of the line passing through origin whose equation is y= (tan @lx. However, the direction of the ray is decided by the argument 8 The equation of ray can also be obtained using angle formula. In above figure, 2POQ = @, So. equation af ray is arg. 8, where 2 ia any complex number on positive real axis ares are=\~ 0 SL @ = agi-0 Now. consider equation arg(z @, Points satisfying this, ‘equation lie on the ray emanating from 2, (excluding z,). This ray is the part of line through (xj, y,) and slope tan @ ‘whose equation is y — y, = (tan 8)(x—x;) ‘The direction of the ray is according to the argument 8. 1 Pa oy < Oe +) Let us get the equation of ray using angle formula, In above figure, APO‘ 6 uation of ray is arp 2-2 __g where 2, ktkE B) So, equation of ray is any =F hn kike R) js any complex number on the horizontal through zy lying on right hand side 24 bag aay = amg (e—2))—arek= 0 => ag(e-z)- 0-8 inthe folowing, Some of the rays are plotted as show! ” arg [2 (14+ 20) ILLUSTRATION 3.85 Find the point of intersection of the curves arg(z ~ 3) = 34 and arg(2z +1 ~2i) = ld an 4 which is a ray that starts from 3/ and makes an angle 374 3% the positive real axis as shown in the figure. Sol. We have, arg(z ~ 31 arg(e a= 2%ova o ale) ‘is isa ray that starts from point -1/2 + j and makes an angle ‘4 with the postive real axis as shown in the figure. From the fre clearly. the system of equations has no solution [LUSTRATION 3.86 complex numbers ),Z» and zy are such that [a l= Bal then prove that on Sok Given that |2, Al bs ‘and =; are equidistant from origin, ‘Thus, origin is circumcenter of the triangle formed by these three complex numbers. 2408 =22ACB If triangle formed by complex numbers 2), 2 and 2) is ‘equilateral then prove that 24 25-241 ig purely imaginary number ae ntn-2 Sol We have to prove that 2%" js purely imaginary number. per sia Complex Numbers 3.29 hey or arg2+ang] af non | 2 or oare fas arg(2)= 91 flay / fb Be) -aP ce oe) e Now, complex number an represents the mid-point of BC, ice, point D. Since triangle ABC is equilateral, AD 1 BC. pty 2 = ae) am 2 ILLUSTRATION 3.88° ‘Show that the equation of a circle passing through the origin and having intercepts a and 6 on real and imaginary axis, respectively, on the argand plane is ne 2=$) = 0 =i Sol. According to the question, we have circle as shown in the figure bare end points of diameter. Clearly, complex numbers "aa So, for any complex number z on the eirele, we have3.30_Algebra Thus, = is purely imaginary. a ILLUSTRATION 3.89 The triangle formed by (2), B(é,) and C(z,) has its circumeentre at origin, If the perpendicular from 4 to BC intersect the circumference at z then the value of 2,24 +232 is Re Let vertices of an acute-angled triangle are (z,), B(c;), and ‘Cle;). If the origin O is the orthocenter of the triangle, then Prove that 232) + 3,2) = 232) +3325 = 253, + 2,0). Ale) /\ bj. a 6 o a IN Bey D Ces Here, O is orthocenter, then OA LBC (VAD 1 BC) = = 2% 2 ~ 23 > 4@-4)+A@-4)=0 = ahthn=aktin 0) Similarly, OB LAC > 4 123 +725 From (1) and (2), 22, +\22 = #25 EQUATION OF STRAIGHT LINE through Complex Numbers Equation of Line Pa! 2, andz, Let z be complex number of any point lying on the line pa: through the complex numbers 2, and 2). 4-4 B-% 3 G-2)2-()-2)2+2%,-23, 3 iG,-2)2-1@,-2)2 +1, = kt+a+b=-0 e ie, ~z)) and b= i (2,2 -23,), be R. Equation (1) can also be put in the form where a | 4% 0 6 lp % || From above equation, we get the condition for three compl ‘numbers 2), 2) and z, to be collinear as In equation (2), replacing z by x + iv, we get (+ G+ (~ pat = Note: juation of a line parallel to the line 2a + Zat+ b = 018 2G +3a+A=0, where Ae R. + Equation of a line perpendicular tothe line 2a-+3a+=0 is 2G —Za + iA=0, where Ae R.| zy, ZZ are three complex numbers such that 5: ln a | 4+ 8)=0, then prove that [22% | = 13% yo (condition of collinear points) IFE =F, + A(e ~ =), where A is a constant, then prove that locus of = isa straight line. wo 2 Adding (1) and (2), we get Us be+(G-1E This is of the form a= + 1 and 1) 29 +Zy € R. Hence, locus of is a straight line. CONDITION FOR THREE POINTS TO REPRESENT EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE Ifcomplex numbers z,,, and 2, are the vertices of an equilateral triangle, then +eaan tag t2g) Ae) f Lg Since AABC is equilateral, (ay Also, ZCBA = ZACB o(S2)-=(83) B72 47% Q) that From (1) and (2), it follows # 4s + b= 0. IF (0), (21) @) 2, and 2, are the roots of 327+ : n find the value of b form an equilateral triangle, the VSO) Here, 2, +2) = 1, 242; Triangle O4B is equilateral. So, O4rte dad ne +0%%t2% or @+2)'= Pee 21en b aoe we bt NiustRaTion 3.94 Let z), zy and 2; be three complex numbers such that jst [ylang i) Le 4-4 la- then prove that 23 + 23 + 1 =z +25 +225. I.) Clearly, 2), 2, and 2, lie on a circle having center at (1,0) Also, 2BAC=30° So, ABOC is equilateral. = Btgtlentatey Let the complex numbers 2), =) and zy be the vertices of an. equilateral triangle, If zp is the circumcentre of the triangle, then prove that 27 + 27 +2? = 329° |Sol, Let A(z,), B(z,) and C(z,) be the vertices of an equilateral triangle, te Now, (+2) +2) a) (Using (1) Also, we have 2 {as centroid will coincide with tre)srpaTian 3-96 ' r what is the mplex in the Argand’s plane variable compl In the Aras ‘921 5243)| 228 noes 3 2.32 Algebra EQUATION OF ARC If, and =, are fixed complex numbers ani tocus of # 1) such 4, amber such at re areas shown in the gre : ae ison one }5| 3 3 a sieaiaead 2 Si: i Minor are ome 3242 4G) on «(S33 3 ocus of zis minor are whose end point are > and — ‘Thus, ‘5 ig 2 included angle is = ol POINTS ARE GIVEN Hee ae the circle having end points of diameter as comply joining =, and =, at 2, which is constant a This occurs in circle Consider ‘where given chord subtends equal angle at different points onthe numbers z, and. arc ofthe circle Let P(2) be any complex number lying Ifa< x2, we have major ar. From the figure, Pie) If e> 2, we have minor are. — : ite we have semi-are. an } tm wal. Let us study few figures to understand the orientation of the on the circle. ‘Therefore, imaginary. a4 = z-% 3-% = (2-4) (7-4) +(= CONDITION FOR FOUR POINTS TO BE CONCYCLIC Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral such that (=), B{=). Cl and D(¢,) lie on a circle. Clearly, is purely real Ce)~ Thus, points AC, BC), Cl), and Dtzy)(aken in order) would be concyclic if (2, 2) [ey - 4) ispurely el (LLUSTRATION 3.97 } = (&> 0), then prove that points A(z), arg or \ (=3) Hence, chord DC subtends same angle at 4 and B. Therefore, point 4, B.C, D are concyclic. SSS ifs, 2,23 are complex numbers such that (2,)=(1/s,)+ (1/55), then show that the points represented by z;, 2,5 lie ona circle passing through the origin, © atp Hence, points 2, 2,,z5 and 0 are concych Rotation FoRMULA Consider the following figure in which PQ is parallel to OQ" and Ris parallel to OR’. Complex Numbers 3.33 ae) 22 ~ 2yle! and 25 — 2, = [zy - ze 12 = al 40,9) 2123 = 41 la - 41 27% Iz =] ‘This formula is called rotation formula It gives the complex number of new position R(z,) attained by O(¢,) when it is rotated about point Ptz,) and then translated in the direction of new vector PR. ILLUSTRATION 3.99 Alz;), BE), Clz;) are the vertices of the triangle ABC (in anticlockwise order). If ABC = m4 and AB = 13 (BC), then Prove that 2)=25+ i ~z), ‘Sol. Rotating about the point B, we get aso or R= Bat) or 2(1-(1+))=2,-2(1 +i a or ye AL. Sai = (in (+i) + ie, [LLusTRaTION 3.100 IF one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the circle fe~ 1] = 12 is 2 + \3i, find the other vertices of the square Sol, The given circle is |: ~ and ¥2 is radius ofthe cirele, inscribed in the given cirele \3, where ‘one of the vertives Lis the center the square Hid3.36 Algedo a lof 90° in Clearly, 2» ean be obtained by rotating = by an ante of anticlockwise sense about center zy, Thus, on Now zp is midpoint of = and y and 23 and = rtd EEE (0+ 6 and z, = 4+ 6i, Then prove that all the 4 ‘complex numbers satisfying o( ) 7 also satisfy |2-7-9i]= 32. Therefore les on the major arc whose centre is zy (say) Applying rotation at zp, we have %-(10+6i) 29-04 601 5 % (446i) |2-(4+6i)| 27 (10461) _ 7-446) = 4 -10-61=iz)-4i+6 3 yrTt9i ‘Thus, centre is 7 +9i and zis any point on the arc. Hence, for any complex number on the arc, z~ (7+ 9i)|= [10 + 61- (7+ 99) =392 Complex numbers 2), 2 2 are the vertices A, B, C, respectively, of an isosceles rght-angled triangle with right angle at C. Show that (2) = 23) = 2(z, ~ 23) (25 ~ 22): ‘Sol. Applying rotation about point B, Acie Soe Ama a “Applying rotation about point A, rae pent BA ‘Multiplying (1) and (2), we get Girale-2)_, (- 2-41) 2a z2Me~ 21) = 22) ~ 25) e)-22) ‘McusTRATION 3.103 Let zy, 2» and zy represent the vertices , B, and C of triangle ABC, respectively, in the Argand plane, such [ale lel=5.Prove that sin 24 +2, sin 2B +2, sin2c.p [SOL ) |= kal = = |:|=Siis the circumeircle of triangle ABC = ZAOB=2C, ZBOC= 2A, and ZCOA = 2B 4 ea We have, Similarly, 2 (sin 24 + sin 2Be”©+ sin 2C 624) (sin 24 + sin 2B cos 2C + i sin 2B sin 2C + sin 2C cos 2B — i sin 2Csi (sin 24 + sin(2B + 2C)) \(sin 24 + sin(2x— 24) 2. Identify the locus of poin 3. Ihe|=2and 28. 2-2 2 are the vertices of ight angled triangle then prove that 2,228 lhvertices \4 ey a — are complex mumbers a, Band jor NE Perpendicular from the point «to | epesite side given by the equation ot ) B-y where = is compler mn perpendicular, nber of any point on the § Prove that the complex numbers = an oguilateral triangle only ip The center ofa regular polygon of sds is located atthe onts= and one ofits verse: isha vertex adjacent 10), then finde a If one Vertex of the ‘tiangle havi ' 1 maximum canteineobed in heel pg Ss ae at the other vertices ofthe triangle , & Consider the circle |-|~ rin the Argand plane, which isin factthe incitele of tiangle ABC. Ifcontact points opposite tothe vertices 4, B, Care 4\(z,), By(z,), and C\(2,), obtain the complex numbers associated with the vertices 4, B,C in terms of 2,2), and =, . +2 and the origin form 9. Pisa point on the Argnad plane. On the circle with OP as the diameter, two points Q and R are taken such that 4P0Q = 0. 6. Ihzir= 1,2,3,.., 50 ae the roots of the equation ei then find the value of 5° 1/(z, — 1). ——_____Answers | jaa es 40° 54 {___ Solved Examples _ al EXAMPLES 3.1 If @ and @? are the nonreal cube roots of unity and (a+ @)] + [1/6 + @)] + [c+ @)] = 207 and (a+ 7) = [1(6 + )] + [1/(e + @)] = 20, then find the value of [1a 1)]+ [1/(b+ 1)] + (Ue + 1)) Sol. The given relations can be rewritten as and 1 atx > wand oF are roots of 3x? + a+b +e)x the +ca+ ab (@+nb+n eH => P+ (be +ea+ abye—2abe= 0 i) Two roots of (1) are wand @. Let the thitd root be cz. Then, at ota =Oora=~o-a Therefore, z= 1 will satisfy Eq, (1) il Hence, — + —— atl b+l = EXAMPLE 3.2 Iz; and 2 are complex numbers and w = then prove that teal = |S ft(ovhere p= (In+al +1p-al'] Va and q= JF) complex number such that |a| = 1, find arg(a), so that ‘equation a=" += + 1=0 has one purely imaginary root. 0 o 2 ~2 as zis purely imaginary) Eliminating = from both the equations, we get Gay +2a+a=0 Let a=cos @+ isin = (Aisin OF + 2(2 cos 6) =0 cos"8+ cos @-1=0 cog cit vied 2 (fal =1) B-1 Hence. a= cos 6+ sin 8, where 8 = cos Letzand 2, be two complex numbers. tis given tat |= 1 and ‘he numbers zy, £2, 1, and 0 are represented in an Argand diagram by the poins P, Py, 2,A, and the origin, respectively. ‘Show that the wiangles POP, and AOO are congruent. Hence, ‘otherwise, prove that jz — |= |z Zy— Il BRD Given a) OP= 2-0} 1 Vo = OP=0A : Te OP y= ley > leah oF og a) = 2409 ‘Thus, the triangles POP, and AQ are congruent. Hence, PPy=AQ = |e ~ 24 e)— 11 Let a, 6, and ¢ be any three nonzero complex. number |z|= Land ‘z’ satisfies the equation az” + bz +c ‘Taking conjugates on both sides, we get ae +bz+e Repnng #0 in. we ey +bz+a=0 6 ‘Now, (1) and (3) must be identical equations: = and Gb=ch tw Froma: b= c-B, we get aia bb = a(by'c = Lusing Let xy, a9 are the roots of the quadratic equal ax + b= where a, bare complex numbers andy.» are the roots oft {quadratic equation y? + a y+ [|= 0. Uf = fl = 1. then prose that byl = by {Sok Fav t b= O has wots xy and ys. Then xytysna o and xyry=b e From (2), Ina l= > Wet“gent ae jaghil* Pal aye? al 4) « # jay +f = 098001 and Then, : w -lalt Via 41a) -lel#(4=TaF a les above the real axis pe within the unit circle which has center at the origi fae ews ofa travels on the real axis fom os gre gh Fom fiz. itis clear that e—4< [e+ 1 (4s ois above e~a ati) 2: amoves on the unit circle which has center at the origin and |w| <1, then show that |z ~ w/? < (|z| - |w))? lee2—ang w)?. |S tas=|ceand w= le * w= |2P + jw? — 2Re(2m) = (2|~[w)? +2] z|hyo] - 2Re(|z\|wle") = (El [w))? + |z[}0|(2 — 2cos(or— )) “tw? sunn( 228) (bls. S) “Compas SAY (-: sin 8< O for 8¢ (0, 72)) ~(2|—|w?+ (a By *(2|~|w)? + (arg z arg wy? 4 Compe Numbers 3.39 listance of the roots of the equation mae aa aie + |sin 04] z + [sin 8,| = 3 from origin is seater than 2/3, {Sol We know that sin |< 1. Given, [sin | 2’ + jsin B,J? + [sin 64] 2 + [sin 8) = 3 or [3] = |jsin 6,2" + sin 8 2” + jsin Ok + [sin Ol Sik'+2 4241] ? 3 then find the complex number z for each of the following cases: @ [2lis least © GH |2\is greatest (Gil) arg() is east (iv) arg(e)is greatest (SO) Given that je — (4+ 39]=1 So, lies on the circle having centre C at 4 + 31 and radius 1 Draw a line through origin and centre of the circle, which meets cirele at 4 and B. Clearly, complex number for point A has the least modulus and that for point B has the greatest modulus, y OA=OC-AC=5-1=4 and OB=OC+BC=5+1=6 (least value of [}) (greatest value of [)) Also, I= [z~ (4° 30) 2 [lz] ~ 4 3) Uel-]+3as1 => -ISi-Ss1 => 4siis6 ‘Therefore, least value of|2| is 4 and greatest value is 6,3.40 Algebra Now, tan@ = ‘where 6 is argument of complex numbers for points 164121 5 For point 0.4(cos 0+ sin 6) ~ a(S For point B, pac aeisn t= $03) = 22 Now. arg(=) is least for the complex number which is point of contact of tangent OD. Now, OD= Voc? —cp? = 35-1 = 24 1 Also. tan(@-«) = va 3 = om Tene, 4 66. = SOA ana 3+8V6 So, for point D, = = \24(cos a+ i sin a) 1 = aniB-6)= 5 66 +4 86-3 So, for point E, z = \24(cos B+ i sin B) Now, tanp= EXAMPLE 3.11 Ifa, b,c and u, v, w are complex numbers representing the vertices of two triangles such that they are similar, then prove a-c_u-w a-b u-v ‘Sol, In the figure, triangles ABC and POR are similar. Pu) Ala) Bib) Cle) Ov). Rw) = = | 0) Also, ZBAC = ZOPR = 2) ol From (1) and (2), we get EXAMPLE 3.12 Let z, and zy be roots of the equation z* + pz + g be the coefficients p and g may be complex numbers. Le B represent z, and 2, in the complex plane, respecty A -ZAOB= 0#0 and OA = OB, where O is the origin, prove! p= 4q cos" (42). Sol. Let 2, and z, be roots of the equation 2 + pz 4 7 Then, \ Also, > > Page 4e%+ 26%) gee +e +2) q(2 cos +2) 6 =4q cot 2 4g cos! 5 EXAMPLE 3.13. ‘The altitude from the vertices 4, B, and C of the triangle 43¢ meet its circumcircle at D, E, and F, respectively. The comple ‘numbers representing the points D, E, and F are 2, %, and respectively. If (¢,~2))/ (2 ~2;) is purely real, then show tx triangle ABC is right-angled at 4. ZEDA = ZFCA=90°~A ZADE = ZABF= 90? ~ A = ZFDE=180?-2A=2n-24 Simpliarly ZDFE = 2x-2C and ZDEF = 2n-2B The angles of ADEF are n-24, x 2B, and r -2C, respective Also itis given that (25 ~z,) / (2, ~2,) is purely real. Hence, = A= 3 ‘0F 0 (not permissible) Hence, triangle ABC is right angled atLet 4. B.C, D be four coneyctic points in onder i i in which 4D:AB = CD:CB. If 4. B. Care represented by complex numbers a , geet ind the complex number associated with point [SAP Let complex number representing point © st, 1B point “D* is d and 0. 2BCD = 6 (4, B,C. D - * D are concyetic), Now, applying rotation formula on 4 and C, we get 8 Ale) 2) ad Fa 0, Multiplying these two, we get te) boa)(dae) ABCD on Dia d=a)\ b=)” ADxCB d(b-a)-o(b=a) __ oF U(b—0)-alb=e) 2ac=b(a+e) . 2ac=bae) ate—2b Wn 23 and 1, 5 cy. ty, are nth roots of unity, then find thesm Sa. = > tsiSfent Now, (ay + e+ a,c2, = sum of the product of (x ~ 1) complex roots taken two at atime toy | He otnt HGF a. | 1st 2fet3.42 Algebra i eS ie Exercises 9, ‘The complex numbers sin + sin rand cos x - Ts Ill re conjugate to each other, for iy Liten, : (1) xe nmneZ @) x=0 390.50, then a VB sequal to @G) x=(n +12) mE Z (A) novaluc ors O) Mais (2) Mahi 10. Ifthe equation 2" + a2" + age? + aye ay @) Vae (4) none of these fonts different from zero, 18 4, ae real coefficients different from zero, hase 2. Consider the equation 1 & = 0, wher imaginary root, then the expression ary/(ayi,) + po complex variable and /° = —1. Which of the following (a,a,) has the value equal to “*) statements is tre? Mo et @ 2 2 (0) For seal poi numbers, bth wot are POTSY 1, rss Cis? +aZe Rez? ~ te8)—2ands (a). imaginary : + then the value of 2 +23 is a (2) For all complex numbers &, neither root is real Wee eoe Gc ) 5 on 3) For all purely imaginary numbers &; both roots are real ee 12, Ma? += 1, then (1+ b+ iay(l + b~ ia) = (4) For real negative numbers &, both roots are purely M1 @2 @)b+ia ary imaginary 13, Iz(1 +a)=b+ icanda?+?+ c= 1,then (1+ i2)(1 3. The number of solutions of the equation = is a oe 2 Mi @2 @3 we oe om 4. If center ofa regular hexagon is atthe origin and one ofthe ue vertices on the Argand diagram is 1+ 2, then its perimeter ot (4) none ofthese Ow O68 B45 ) 68 14, Ifa and 6 are complex and one of the roots ofthe equi 5. Ifvandyare complex numbers, then the system of equations OR oe alee eee ee (> Ax + (= y= 1, 2ie+ 2y= 1+ i has ee (2) unique solution Oe elae, @) fare (2) no solution @) B-(Gy=4a @) (bY =2a (G) infinite number of solutions 1S. f= (2+3)—iN5—2 , then the focus of zis (4) none of these () ellipse ) semicircle 6. The points z= 3 + V3 j and 2, = 25 + 6/ are given on a (3) parabola () straight line complex plane. The complex number lying om the bisector 7 2g rar airports 16 Lazo tes Par wheresisarelpaanceT beara locus of = in the Argand plane is (y 2 G4WD , B42, (1) abyperbola (2) anellipse 2 G) a straight line (@) none of these aaa 17. 1f2,andz,arethecomplexrootsoftheequation(x—3)*+ 1-0 (3) 2--1-4 then =, +2, equals to (4) none of these at @3 @) 5 wo () r+ @ xa? wo ne B) (2+ ay (xt oF) (4) (oy Or a?) ‘here ovis one of the imaginary cube rots of unity @ - FI SE 8. Dividing f (2) by z — 1, we oblain the remainder / and dividing it by 2 + 1, we get the remainder I+ i then 4g ae a, eter eer) temainder upon the division of f(z) by 2? + 1 is get gh eee ea eame fA) by $e is ay L(eaayai 2) dies wa an @) 4s 4 2 : 20, Sum of common roots ofthe equations z+ 227+ 26+ 1*# 1 1 and "24 10 3) 4) A(ewint oO ae), M-1 @t eo wo!Tp. HSC + MOAN, Ve Ris adn the value of M+ Nig le by x? ++ 1 then ws Q4 Q) 4 @) 5 p. eax ivand e+ = 16, then the range of Ix| — [i is a) (0.4) (2) [0,2] @) 2.4] (4) none of these 33, If isa complex num! ~ 62! +250, the (ese ya, Wis +12: ther satisfying the equation n the value of [is 2) 25" ay rast (4) 625! 3 2 4 and =: are complex numbers such that 2; # z» and fz, has positive real part and z has negative 2) (2) -2))] may be 2) real and positive (4) none of these kel and ag (2/23) = x, then 2, + Fil imaginary part, then ((2, + (1) purely imaginary (3) real and negative 26. wo (@) purely real zr is equal to (2) purely imaginary (4) none of these 27. If forcomplex numbers, and zy, arg(z;) ~ arg(z,)=0, then ls\~ zl is equal to ) Bilt eal @) blk) @) |e al ao then (4) none of these ‘Suppose 4 is a complex number and ¢ N, such that "= (4+1)"= 1, then the least value of n is M3 @6 @) 9 @ 12 The number of complex numbers z such that |z| = 1 and |2/ + 2/2|=1 is (arglz) € (0, 2m)) as 2) 6 @) 8 (4) more than 8 Let z, w be complex numbers such that 2 + ii ang zw = x. Then arg z equals x a = uz) 2, 30, 3 = 3n Sn z a (4) 7 QF oF a> 32. Ifz = (3 + 7i) (a + ib) where a, b € Z— {0}, is purely imaginary, then the minimum value of | z is. () 74 @) 45) 58 (4) 65 If (cos 8+ i sin 6) (cos 26+ isin 26) -- (cos n6-*i sin n6) = Ly then the value of @ is, m €Z 2mn ntl) 33, Ama n(n+l) ma n+l) (1) 4mx—Qy 3) (i Complex Numbers _3.5° 1 8) then [RE(<)/IM(z)] equals 34. Given 1 om ar OF w at Hsin © + feos F | 38. The expression £ 4 = Vin ™ = j 008 8 at (2) -1 Bi (4) -i ‘The number of complex numbers z satisfying [z ~ 3 ~ lz ~9~ i and jp~ 3+ 34] = 3 are (1) one 2) two (3) four (4) none of these 37. P(z) be a variable point in the Argand plane such that le|= minimum {2 ~ I) jz + I}, then 2 +2 will be equal to (1) -lort (2) 1 but not equal to ~1 ) ~1 butnot equal to 1 (4) none of these 38. If |z* 1| =|? +1, then z lies on (1) acircle (2) a parabola @) anellipse (4) none of these 2 39. Ifz=x + iy (xy © R,x#-1/2), the mumber of values of = satisfying lz)" = z*""? + 2i(""2+1-(ne Nin> lyis Oo @)2 a3 40. Number of solutions of the equation 2 + [3(@)'))\z where z is a complex number is Ger os @) 6 45 41. Number of ordered pairs (a, b) of real numbers such that (a+ iby = a ~ ib holds good, is (1) 2008 2) 2009 @) 2010 1 42. The equation az’ + bz? +5z+a =0 hasa root oz where a, 6, zand rbelong to the set of complex numbers. The value of lo, () is 12 @) is2 Q) ist (4) can’t be determined 43. Ifk>0,\2\=|w|=kand a= = Rasp wo Bk then Re(q) equals Q) kz (4) none of these 44, z, and 2) are two distinct points in an Argand plane. If aiz\| = blzal (where a, be R), then the point (az;/b=3) + (bz,/az,) isa point on the (1) line segmen: [-2, 2] ofthe real axis (2) tine segment {- 2, 2] ofthe imaginary axis (3) unit circle f (4) the line with arg 2 = tan" 2 45. Ifzis.a complex mumber such that - < arg which of the following inequalities (1) fe = 21S {24 (an @) e324 a @) bk-a<(a (4) None of these3.66 Algebra 46. [feos r+ 2 cos B+ 3 cos y= sin a+ 2sin B+ 3 sin 7 then the value of sin 3a-+8 sin 398+ 27 sin 371s 1) sina + 2) Asin BED 3) 18sinas B+ (A) sin(or4 28+ 3) 47. 16a Bare the roots of the equation 1? ~ 20+ 2=0 and it n [ix tay" (0 + BYT/ La Blis cos 6) Ito cot Orel, o wm < then is equal to Qe" (4) none of these 49. If = =F log(2 -\3), then cos MO-71 @-2 @1 80. IFS @) 12 1. then the point representing the complex number will Tie on (2) acircle 3) a parabola (2) a straight line (4) ahyperbola |. The locus of point = satisfying Re () =k, where kis a nonzero real number, is - (2) a straight line (2) acircle (3) an ellipse (4) ahyperbola 52. If is complex number, then the locus of = satisfying the condition 2=~ 1| = |e~ Il is (1). perpendicular bisector of line segment joining 1/2 and I (2) circle (3) parabola (4) none of the above curves 53, The greatest positive argument of complex number satisfying =~ 4) = Retz) is 12) oo x x a = 4) = 3 3 [2 4 . IF and ¢ are two complex numbers such that lf ¥ [cl l= 1 (at ~ byt), 2= «+ iy. Locus of is (where a, b © cornplex numbers) 0) fine segment (2) straight tine (4) none of these 2 0.then the locus of 2 is, (y avincte (2) a straight tine bi tines (4) none of these (3) a pairof 56. Let C, 4/3, respectively, having: center at (3, 0) on the Arg plane, If the complex number ¢ dC, are concentriv eieles of radius 1 an fies the inequality (1) = lies outside C; but inside Cy (2) = lies inside of both C, and C (3) = lies outside both of C, and C (4) none of these 87. Ife-2-A= [21 + then locus of hin (Swe) (1) apair of straight lines (2) circle (3) parabola (4) ellipse $88. Ife ~ 1] <2 and joz ~ 1 ~ |= a (where ois acu, of unity), then complete set of values of a is ™ 1 vs 2 teas > a () Osas2 v3 13 a) Bbeast (4) Oi 61. If2; is a root of the equation ag-" + a2"! + a, = 3, where jal <2 for L 1) telat ) bls 8) kql> 62. If|z| < VB ~ 1, then |=? + 2: 60s af is (1) Tess than 1 Q) +1 Ce! (4) none of these 6, Lets, —r1 Sr Wr= 1,2, 3s Then [Sos | is tess 0 Qn ©) mnt) ay mae 64. All the roots ofthe equation U1! + Lois +t0is— N°! lie () insite (3) outside | 65. 1 the origi AER a @ = @) 2 ao, oots of the equation 1+ 3a? + 3py 4 ow Th represent the vertices of 4 equilateral triangle ‘he wAP=a Be we (A) Ba 3q The roots of the cubis equation {© + ab) = @. such tha To. rupresent the vertices ofa triangle of Sides of length, w 2) Bla} @ 40 @) la 2! et 16 1 ale whose vertices are 0 34 2) 54 BI | then the area of is (4) 2 g. Lez and © be fo complex numbers such thet kisu. wes Land iz + i en = equals : ace Q) ior=i lor (4) for-1 s,.fand=; be three complex numbers satisfying | “+ 2,), then |2; ~ zis equal to 2 5 3 > VS 2V5 oF OF @ > @) ae fi "are distinct complex numbers representing tte vertices of a quadrilateral ABCD taken in order If ~ 5 and arg (le, 2) nok m2,then the quadrilateral is (0) rectangle (2) thombus (8) square (4) trapezium Tht +2) (© R°), then possible argument of z is Qn (4) none of these wo 6) m2 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC ‘ech that —i]= fz, ~ i] = [25 ~ then [+ 2) +2y| equals ® 33 8 (3) 3 w 4 33 {Tis a complex number having least modulus and 72 -i) Q) 2-131 +H, po) 21-7 (4) Q+1NRU+H Bitzisa complex number lying in the fourth quadrant of Atgind plane and |[kzi(k + 1)} + 2i | > V2 for all real value Kk 1), then range of arts) is My a be 7 Q \-e _ ; , } (4) none of these . the area ~ Fil + zl and [z,| = 3 and [29] = 4, then U MBC, itafixes of, Band Care 2), 2p and [(22—H20 Mrespectively, is ty $ 2 0 ~~ al » 2 OF 1. 78. 79, 81. 82, 83. Complex Numbers 3.65 Ifa complex number z satisfies [22 + 10 + 101] <(5N3 -5), then the least principal argument of z is it sn ee w @ an w -2 If2 lies on the circle |z ~ 2i| = 2V2, then the value of arg[(2— 2)/(¢ + 2)] is equal to 5 x wt 4 3 2; and 2 lie on a circle with center at the origin. The point, of intersection 2, of the tangents at z; and z, is given by x © 2 = 3) = QF OF « 3G +h) Q oe ° (2-4) 2a *h (,-2 Iarg| — t a 3, then [2 equals to II OW QW 9G @ 22 ‘The maximum area ofthe triangle formed by the complex coordinates 2, z,, 2, which satisfy the relations |z — z,| = ea and |2 ~ (2, +2,)/2| 1 1 ° ® Sla-ae @ 1 @) Sla-aPe @) 1 Consider the region $ of complex numbers a such that Paz + I= 1, where [|= 1 ‘Then area of Sin the Argand planeis () m8 Q)rtd 3) aee4 ) 26 with the vertices 4, 5, ely [where @, Bare the If the complex number associated C of MBC are &, «, &, respective Complex cube roots of unity and cos @> Re(a, then the complex number of the point where angle bisector of ‘meets the circumcirele of the triangle is Qe @) ord tp and q are distinet prime numbers, distinct imaginary numbers which are roots of unity are (1) min. g) ot Given = is « complex number with modulus 1. Then the equation (CLF iayi(l — ia) (1) all roots real and distinct (2) two real and two imaginary @) three roots real and one imaginary (4) ne root real and three imaginary then the number of plas well as gth 2) max pg) A) zero3.48 Algebra 86. The value o' log Ama 4m (2) cos + isin 22, noe) (2) cos jin . moe 3) sin Es peos Em 0.1.2, wo 87. If EN 1. then the sum of weal part of roots of "= (2+ 1Y is equal to 88. Which of the following represents a point in an Argand plane. equidistant from the roots of the equation f= 16"? 2) @.0) Q be 2 complex number such that Jal < 1 and 2, 23,75, be the vertices of a polygon such that 2,=1+a+ a? + forall k= 1.2.3, ... Then 2}, 2p... lie within the circle 1 2) javt a+l 4 arr == 1. 162 =e oF, where wis a nonreal complex cube root of unity, are two vertices of an equilateral triangle in the Argand plan then the third vertex may be represented by 1 Q)280 0 Gyz=-2 Az I. then (2) 23)=1 (4) none of these _2.then principal value of ary, in bn 5 4 m4 am Jiu e ro? aV3 +i (4 a a 2 5. 6 10. | Given that the complex numbers -1Pthe points (2 *p Satis iy in "8 can Let a, and c be distint non-zero real numbers a" +b + abe ~ 8c", Then which of the followi Correct? (anis complex cube r00t of unity) () aebareinA? (2) ae,barein tp @) atbo-2aP=0 (8) a+ bet 2ea~ 9 Let 5am 2 be two non-zero complex number that e+) f= Ea Them ZL canbe equal wg Inaginary cube root of uty) 2 , Mita Q) Leo Bo (4) @ Mp= a bo cog = b+ co aah, and r= s44 bar, winere a, be # 0 and ais the complex cube ry, unity, then (1) Tip, qr le on the crcl = 2 the triangle formes, these points is equilateral @ prgtraarire @) pg? t7=2(pq+ar+m) (4) none of these Let P(x) and Q(x) be two polynomials. Suppose is: f(s) = Pos!) + xO) is divisible by x? ++ Is then (1) PGs) is divisible by (x — 1), but Q(x) is not divisible, x1 2) O(a) is divisible by (x ~ 1), but P(x) is not divisible x-t (3) Both P(x) and Q(x) are divisible by x ~ 1 (4) f(@) is divisible by x- 1 If aris a complex constant such that a=? += + @=Ohs: real root, then () ata=t Q) ate @) a+a=-1 (4) the absolute value of the real root is 1 Itz! + (3 + 2i) 2+ (-1 + ia) = 0 has one real root, thea value of a lies in the interval (a eR) a) G20) @ 41.0 @) 1) @) (2.3) ich satisfy the equa "| = 350 form a rectangle in the Argand pl n integral nus! 4 th the length of its diagonal having 8) rectangl (4) None of th | and CCL = 2) are the vertices of" ingle ABC, th ‘equilateral t 2) sum of possi (3) product of possible zis 1/4 (4) product of possible = is 1/215. 16. 1. 1. 20, a, If 21,2) are two com ay 2 @ 2 Plex numbers (2, # I= ® (4) fares, an + id are complex numbers such a+ fe ‘numbers such tha bal = 1 and Re (5) 0, then the pot att numbers © =a + ic and y= b+ id satchen ) () late 2) ja=1 G) Reo. 4) Imaw,)=9 Et and 2: be complex numbers such that 2, # 2, and 15, has positive real part and 2, has nega imaginary part, then 1*=2 yay pe 0 (Q) zero, (2) real and positive (3) real and negative (4) purely imaginary V5-2V3 , then arg Ife] = 12, = VB and i, + ) oo eesti 3a 2x Sa | oy 2 = x OF OF oF oF Let four points 2, z + = be in complex plane such that F<, fel=1 and is 1a can be L a2 5 > A rectangle of maximum area is inscribed in the circle =3~4i)= 1. [fone vertex of the rectangle is 4 + 4i, then another adjacent vertex of this rectangle can be () 244i @) 3451 GB) 343 4) 3-31 Iflz\|= 15 and |z, - 3 4i] = 5, then ) ,~24nin= 5 2) fey ~Zahnin = 10 8) ey ~ Zalman = 20 (A) 21 ~ Zalmax = 25 P(z,), Olz3), R(z,), and S{z,) are four complex numbers Tepresenting the vertices of a rhombus taken in order on the complex plane, then which one of the following is/are correct? a 2 Qs is purely real AW zy ann, acm 2) amp = #4 = amp #2 2% 23-% is purely imaginary tty (4) itis not necessary that |=, ~23|# 2-41 22, If arg(z + a) = m6 and arg(2~a)=2 2/3 (a eR"), then () ki=a @) k=2a (3) arg (4) arg) x = 2 3 23. Ia complex number z satisfies e|= 1 and arg(z ~ 1) = then (eis complex cube root of unity) (1) 2 + 2s purely imaginary number Q) @) 2=-@ (4) e- 1, then () arg (21 ~A)/2) can be equal to —1/4 2) (@-2y2is purely imaginary number (3) ©-2)/is purely real number (4) ifarg(e) = 0, where 20 and @ is acute, then 1~ 2/2 tan 6 Izy =5 + 12i and jz,|=4, then (1) maximum (\2, + iz)) = 17 2) minimum (iz, + (1+ iz)) = 13 = 43 25, @) minimum|—_| -13 (4) maximum, 26. Let2,,22,2; be the three nonzero complex numbers such that la b 42#l,a=[e,b=[z,]ande=lzy, Let |b © al=0Then (4) if triangle formed by =, 2ytzy42,=0 27. 2 and2, are the roots ofthe equation () st (3) arya?) = ang) @) fs? (A) arg al rah") 3, where =; and =, are fixed complex ble complex number, then = lies ona 28. sits interior point ts interior point circle with 2 as its exterior poi cirele with = as its exterior pointthen the equation (22 ~ /(e+ 1)|= m represents ‘circle. then m can be ay 12 Qt @)2 3 30. System of equations [2 +3] [2 ~3]= (and |: ~4] =r, where re R’ has (1) one solution if>1 (2) one solution ifr< 1 (3) hwo solutions if=1 (4) at least one solution 31. Let the equation of a ray be |e ~ 2] — [2-1 WB It it strikes the y-axis, then the equation of reflected ray (including or excluding the point of incidence) is 2 Q) F-2i]- [2-1 -34 (4) e-24-[e- 1-3 =2N2 x 4 3n wy Given that the two curves arg(z) = m6 and |z ~ 2.13 i intersect in two distinct points, then (1) [7] #2, where [] represents greatest integer Q) 0