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Review of Worldwide Road Classification Systems

Conference Paper · November 2014

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4579.7843

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 การประชุ มวิชาการการขนส่ งแห่ งชาติ ครั้งที่ 9 วันที่ 20-21 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ.2557
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Review of Worldwide Road Classification Systems

Chutipong Paraphantakul*

Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering,

University College London, London, United Kingdom

Abstract
A good road classification could define the proper role of the road in the
network and the responsibility of the associated authorities.
Understanding the global road classification characteristics could help
countries to efficiently manage their roads. This paper provides the
extensive review of the road classification of countries around the world.
Eight road classification themes based on four categories were
systematically created to aid the comparison of worldwide road
classification systems. Link role is the most frequently used road
classification theme by countries in the dataset. Comparing the
classification categories by the continent, Asian countries tend to have
less number of categories applied than countries in other continents.
Keywords: Road hierarchy, Road classification, Road management
1. Introduction
Road is a main transportation network that can link up settlements
together. However, every country has abundant of road length to
responsible with limited funding. A way to manage the responsibility is to
prioritize the roads and delegate road tasks to different authorities. These
tasks have to be clear and definitive in order to help the jurisdictions in
charge to follow with efficiency.
Road classification represent an agreement on the perception of
roads’ functions between road users and road authorities. For instance, the
function of local roads is different than interurban roads; thus, different
policies are applied to manage both types of the roads. A good road
classification could define the proper role of the road in the network.
This helps road users experience the expected driving standard thus
indicate the adequate responsibilities of the associated authorities. were nine countries observed for their classification systems. ARTISTS
Subsequently, it will affect the amount of funding needed for each type of
road, specify the factors and methods to justify the investment, and set up
appropriate design standards.
Understanding the classification around the world helps us learn
some important aspects. Learning the differences may help us compare the
benefits and shortcoming which is useful to make better road standards,
proper designs, and sustainable roads. Furthermore, collection of
worldwide road classification system can help us seeing the similarities of
road systems in neighborhood which is useful to find out the way to join
the road network together, which, in a bigger picture, could resulting in
creating synergic relationship in trades and communications among
countries.
The earliest awareness of the road classification started since the
early age of motor vehicle. Tripp [1] suggested that roads provide two main
purposes: for general traffic conduit and serving day-to-day activities of
local community. Three main classifications were made. Arterial roads are
“roads from which all but motor traffic is included”; sub-arterial roads are
“roads open to all types of vehicular traffic and upon which the interest of
vehicular traffic is to be predominant”; local or minor roads are “roads
intended for local traffic only, as a means of access to premises ... on these
roads the needs of frontagers and pedestrians will be predominant”. This
starts the standard of road classification that some are still use until now.
ICSM [2] studied the road classification system in Australia.
They identified that different states have different classification systems.
They suggested that it is used to assist the policy and planning activities;
thus, different jurisdiction will have their own ways of classifying road.
They, however, suggested that there are some accepted fundamental
classification criteria in all road hierarchies.
ARTISTS [3] investigated on European road classification. There

* Corresponding author
E-mail address: chutipong.paraphantakul.13@ucl.ac.uk
1
observed that there are 14 categories of classification themes that are 2.1 Road classification profiles
frequently used throughout the European countries. These classification By acquiring various sources of road classification data from Africa, Asia,
themes are access control, administration, built frontage, circulation vs Australia, Europe and North America, we synthesized them and put into
access, destination status, environment, network role, other urban users, the table as shown next.
road width, strategic role, traffic speed, traffic volume, transport mode,
trip length. Table 1: Road classification types by country
Country (Sub-region) Classification Types
COTO [4] examined the road classification for South Africa. African Road Classification
They revealed that roads could be classified in many categories based on Kenya [6] - A International Trunk Roads
- B National Trunk Roads
the purpose of the classification. Example of these classification themes - C Primary Roads
- D Secondary Roads
are traffic sign, route numbering, administrative, functional, mapping, and - E Minor Roads
- SPR-G Government Roads
geometric. - SPR-L Settlement Roads
- SPR-R Rural Access Roads

Marshall [5] inspected on the road patterns and came up with a

- SPR-S Sugar Roads
- SPR-T Tea Roads
- SPR-W Wheat Roads
higher level of classification criteria. He spotted that for all classification - U Unclassified

types, there are some similarities which can be grouped into four main Nigeria [7] - Federal trunk A roads
- Federal trunk F roads
categories: form, use, relation, and designation. Form means purely on the - Trunk B roads
- Trunk C roads
physical characteristic of the street which is the main designation of its
South Africa [4] Urban-Mobility
capacity; in other words, this is a supply side. Use means the actual usage - U1 Urban principal arterial
- U2 Urban major arterial
of the street, whether it is for shopping, living, high volume, low volume, - U3 Urban minor arterial
Urban-Accessibility
long distance or local, etc. This is the demand side of the road usage. In - U4 Urban collector
- U5 Urban local street
essence, 'form and use' designate the purpose of the street and can be - U6 Urban Walkway
Rural-Mobility
observed by the outside agency; they can be observed from space. Relation - R1 Rural principal arterial
- R2 Rural major arterial
is the relative structure of the road based on other network elements, e.g., - R3 Rural minor arterial
Rural-Accessibility
radial, cul-de-sac, strategic route, etc. Designation, the last category, - R4 Rural collector road
- R5 Rural local road
means the allocation or allowance for the road users. Such allocation can - R6 Rural walkway

designate use, form or relation, but it will not affect the changes while Asian Road Classification
observing by third party or from space. Example of designation of roads Cambodia [8] - National Roads (I-digit)
- National Roads (2-digits)
are 50 mph roads, tourist roads, avenue, street, bus only, pedestrian only, - Provincial Roads
- Tertiary Roads
etc. - Sub-tertiary Roads (Type1)
- Sub-tertiary Roads (Type2)
- Sub-tertiary Roads (Type3)
While there were studies on the road classifications in many parts
Indonesia [9] - National Road
of the world, none have tried to compare the classification themes in the - Provincial Road
- District Road
worldwide view. This paper will investigate the similarities and - Urban Road
- Village Road
differences of the road classification themes from the dataset around the
Japan [10] - National Expressways
world in order to give us more understanding on: 1) how the road - National highways
- Prefectural roads
classifications are organized in general; 2) how each country view their - Municipal roads

road classification system; and 3) how road classification themes differ by Malaysia [11] - Toll Expressways
(Federal) - National Highways
continents. - Regional Road Schemes
- Minor Roads
(access to Gov't Buildings)
2. The dataset Malaysia [11] - Roads within Federal Territories
(Other states) - Primary Roads
In this paper, we gather the information on the road classification profiles - Secondary Roads
- Minor Roads
from countries around the world. Then we built the classification themes - Urban Collector Roads
- Local Streets
used in this study. We compare them in the analysis to find out which Myanmar [12] - National Highways
classification themes are the most used around the world. - Township Network Roads
- Major City Roads
- Village and Boundary Area Roads

2
 Thailand [13] - Special National Roads Greece [3] - Freeway
- National Roads - Arterial Street
- Rural Roads - Collector Street
- Local Roads - Local Street
- Concession Roads
Hungary [3] - Motorway
Vietnam [14] - National Highway - Semi-Motorway
- Expressway - I. Class Main Road
- Provincial Roads - II. Class Main Road
- District Roads - Collector Road
- Urban Roads - Service Road
- Commune Roads - Bicycle Road
- Footpath
Australian Road Classification
Portugal [3] - Collector Roads
Australia [15] - PD Primary Distributor - Main Distributor Roads
(Western Australia) - DA District Distributor A - Local Distributor Roads
- DB District Distributor B - Access Roads
- RD Regional Distributor - Pedestrian Streets
- LD Local Distributor
- A Access Road Spain [3] - Motorways
- Arterial Street
Australia [16] - Freeway - Distributor
(Victoria) - Arterial road - Local Street
- Non-arterial state road
- Municipal road Sweden [3] - Throughfare/Radial Road
- Main Street (Arterial Street)
Australia [2] - State Roads - Collector Street
(New South Wales) (Freeways and Primary Arterials) - Local Street
- Regional Roads - Woonerf
(Secondary or Sub Arterials) - Pedestrian Street
- Local Roads
(Collector and Local Access roads) UK [3] - Major Access Roads
(Residential Roads) - Minor Access Roads
Australia [2] - National Highways - Shared Surface Roads
(Queensland) - State Strategic Roads - Shared Driveways
- Regional Roads - Driveways
- District Roads
- Local Government Roads UK [3] - Strategic Roads
(Camden, London) - London Distributor Roads
Australia [2] 5 classes of rural roads - Borough Distributors
(Other states) - Class 1 (big cities) - Access Roads
to Class 5 (small cities)
4 classes of urban roads UK [3] - National Roads (Motorways)
- Class 6 (high speed) (Other Counties - Transport for London
to Class 9 (high access) in London) Road Network (TLRN)
- Borough Roads
New Zealand [2] - National Routes
- Primary (Regional) Arterials UK [2] Rural
- Secondary (District) Arterials - Trunk Rural
- Collector Routes - A Road (Principal Rural)
- B Roads - Rural
- C Roads - Rural
European Road Classification
Urban
Belgium [3] - Regional network roads - Trunk Urban
(Brussels) - Local network roads (Communes) - A Road (Principal Urban)
- B Roads
Belgium [3] - Motorway - C Roads – Urban
(Other Cities) - Metropolitan Road
- Trunk Road
North American Road Classification
- Inter-District Road
- Through Street Canada [2] Rural
- Local Street - Rural Freeways
- Rural Arterial
Denmark [3] - Motorway - Rural Collector
(Copenhagen) - Regional Roads - Rural Local
- Primary Roads Urban
- Distributor Streets - Major Arterials
- Local Streets - Minor Arterials
- Urban Collectors Residential
Denmark [3] Traffic Roads - Urban Collectors Industrial
(Other Cities) - TR-High Speed or Commercial
- TR-Medium Speed - Urban Local Residential
- TR-Low Speed - Urban Local Industrial
Local Roads or Commercial
- LR-Medium Speed
- LR-Low Speed USA [17] - Principal Arterial
- LR-Very Low Speed i. Interstate
ii. Other Freeways &
Germany [3] - B III+IV Non Frontage Expressways (OF&E)
Arterial Streets iii. Other Principal Arterial (OPA)
- C III Arterial Streets - Minor Arterial
- C IV Main Collector Streets - Collector
- D IV Collector Streets i. Major Collector
- D V Access Street ii. Minor Collector
- E V Access Street - Local
- E VI Access Way

3
2.2 A quick glance at the road classification profiles
From the road classification profiles, no shared classifications among those
countries were found. Number of road classes vary from 4 classes in
Greece to 12 classes in South Africa. While many countries classify their
roads in a linear manner, some countries employ hierarchical, multiple
levels of classification such as those in Denmark (traffic and local roads),
Australia (state, regional, and local roads), Canada (rural and urban), and
South Africa (mixture of rural and urban vs mobility and accessibility).
The names of road classes also have many meanings. For
example, local street implies their small width, low speed limit, and
priority to housing access; motorway implies their large width, high speed
limit, and priority for vehicles movement; strategic road implies their
linkage to important places, more strategic vehicle types, and could be
important for some other reasons; urban roads imply their locations in city
environment, rural roads imply their locations in non-city environment;
local government roads imply their ownerships; and others.
Despite variety of names and structures, in general, these road that is suitable for our dataset. Currently there are many road classification
classifications exhibit some similarities which can be grouped together. types used in the world. ARTISTS [3] and COTO [4] had done
The next section will discuss the method we applied to establish the road comprehensive studies about the road classification system in the
classification themes.
2.3 Developing road classification themes
In order to establish a general road classification themes, there are two
parts that we need to identify. First, the structure for the classification
themes has to be created in order to describe the relationship between each
theme; and second, we have to set up the criteria for each classification
theme.
The first part to create the general road classification themes is to
setup the relationship of the road classification themes. As Marshall [5]
already defined the system of four main categories of road classification
themes that relate to each other (i.e., form, use, relation, and designation),
we tried to apply them to our road classification profiles. However, we
found that there were some overlapping criteria in this method which
inhibit the direct application to our dataset; particularly, if we want to
assign a group for the link role theme, we can define it as a designation
because the role is assigned by the road owner; or we can simply define it
as a relation because the roads cannot be defined by roles if there are no
other roads to relate with. Thus we have to set up a new relationship
structure for the road classification themes based on our dataset.
As the main objective is to review the road classification systems
around the world, we assume that a good classification system can improve
the performance of the roads in term of better road usage and management.
4
With this in mind, we created two tiers of relationship in order to measure
the performance using road classification themes. On the top level, the
classification themes are categorized by both physical and non-physical
characteristics. On the second level, both top tier characteristics are
measured by their input and output. As a result, we can have four primary
performance measures for road classification themes from the combination
of the top and bottom tiers: physical inputs, physical outputs, non-physical
inputs, and non-physical outputs.
Physical inputs are the forms of the road where they are built to
regulate the efficient traffic flow; meanwhile, physical outputs are the
indicators that we can measure by counting or acquiring the statistics on
road use. On the other hand, non-physical inputs are the roles and rules
that are given to the roads and road users, which are the designations. Non-
physical outputs are the result from the road regulation and roles which are
their performance.
In the second part, we need to find a set of classification themes
European countries and South Africa, respectively. They also create sets
of common classification themes in their corresponding regions.
Following some key themes designated in both studies, we can establish
eight key classification themes for our dataset as follows.
1. Access Control – this theme considers whether the road has any
form of access control mechanism such as road access, vehicle
access, building frontage access, tolled, and non-tolled roads
2. Road Surface – this themes defines the physical allocation of
road surface (i.e., width, pavement thickness, pavement type,
road marking) and roadside (i.e., parking permitted, signposts,
footpath width)
3. Usage – this theme classifies roads by their usage performance
indicators such as traffic speed and traffic volume
4. Administration – this theme differentiates the bodies that are
responsible for road management
5. Link Role – this theme identifies roads based on the role (such as
primary road, secondary road, international road, national road,
regional road, and various strategic roads), the importance of
connected settlements, trip length, and their purposes in network
and strategic viewpoints
6. Place Status – this theme distinguishes the roads based on the
types of the environment they pass through; in other words, it
indicates the type of places the roads located (i.e., urban road,
 rural road, shopping street, commercial road, residential road) ROAD CLASSIFICATION

7. Transport Mode – this theme distinguishes roads by the types of PHYSICAL NON-PHYSICAL

user served (i.e., pedestrian, cars, heavy vehicles, etc.), priority INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT
[FORM] [USE] [DESIGNATION] [PERFORMANCE]
of road users, or the road infrastructure that provide for them • Access Control • Usage • Administration • Function
• Road Surface • Place Status
8. Function – this theme classifies the roads based on their • Link Role
• Transport Mode
functional indicators which are mainly circulation or mobility,
Fig 1 Road classification relationship
accessibility, and connectivity
By connecting the first and second parts together, we can develop
four groups of classification themes as shown in the Fig 1.

Table 2 Analysis of road classification themes

Form Use Designation Performance

Total Themes Used

7. Transport Mode
1. Access Control

4. Administration
2. Road Surface

6. Place Status
5. Link Role

8. Function
3. Usage

Continent Country (State)

Africa Kenya 1 1 1 3
Nigeria 1 1 1 3
South Africa 1 1 1 1 1 5
Asia Cambodia 1 1 1 3
Indonesia 1 1 2
Japan 1 1 1 3
Malaysia 1 1 1 1 1 5
Myanmar 1 1 1 3
Thailand 1 1 1 3
Vietnam 1 1 1 3
Australia Australia (WA) 1 1 1 1 1 5
Australia (ACT) 1 1 1 3
Australia (VIC) 1 1 2
Australia (NSW) 1 1 1 1 4
Australia (QLD) 1 1 1 3
Australia (the rest) 1 1 1 1 4
New Zealand 1 1 1 1 4
Europe Belgium 1 1 1 1 1 5
Denmark 1 1 1 1 4
Germany 1 1 1 3
Greece 1 1 1 1 4
Hungary 1 1 1 1 1 5
Portugal 1 1 1 1 1 5
Spain 1 1 1 1 4
Sweden 1 1 1 1 1 5
UK 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
North America Canada 1 1 1 1 1 5
USA 1 1 1 1 1 5
Total 15 2 13 13 28 10 6 22
Percentage 54% 7% 46% 46% 100% 36% 21% 79%

3. Understanding worldwide road classification themes resulting Table 2 indicates that the most used theme is link role with 100%
of the countries applied. Other themes that are applied widely throughout
In section 2, we established a structured classification themes highlighting
the dataset (minimum of 50% of the countries applied) are access control,
the similarities among the road classification worldwide. In this section,
and function which are used by 54% and 79% of all countries in the dataset,
we will apply those themes to the road classification profiles to find their
respectively. Road surface, on the other hand, is the least used theme.
characteristics and differences. Table 2 shows the results after categorizing
those worldwide road classification profiles into eight established themes. Regardless of the inequality of the number of themes in each
category (form, use, designation, performance), the most frequent used
3.1 Worldwide road classification themes
category is the designation. The least frequently used category is form,
Table 2 shows the count of the road classification themes used by every with access control as the most frequently used theme at 15 times; the least
country in the dataset. We converted the classification profiles to the used theme, road surface is also located within form category.
classification themes by using eight themes developed earlier. The

5
Table 3 Classification themes by continents
Form Use Designation Performance

7. Transport Mode
1. Access Control

4. Administration
2. Road Surface

6. Place Status
5. Link Role

8. Function
3. Usage
Continent
Africa 0% 67% 0% 33% 100% 33% 67% 67%
Asia 43% 0% 0% 100% 100% 43% 0% 29%
Australia 43% 0% 57% 43% 100% 14% 0% 100%
Europe 78% 0% 78% 22% 100% 33% 44% 100%
North America 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100%

3.2 Road classification themes by continents classification mostly rely on the designation. Application of form and
Question arises if the themes that are less used worldwide are more performance categories are quite rare in Asian road classifications.
frequently used in some regions. To answer this question, this study further Asian Road Classification Themes
Access Control
investigates the data by grouping the classification theme according to the 100%

80%

continent. Table 3 shows the frequency of the classification theme used by Function Road Surface
60%

continent (dotted bordered cells show the most frequently used themes). 40%

20%

We subsequently explain our major finding on the characteristics of the 0%

Transport Mode Usage -20%

road classification in different continents found from Table 3, continent by
continent, using spiderweb charts.
3.2.1 Road classification themes in Africa Place Status Administration

In Africa, link role is used in all countries in this dataset. Road surface, Link Role

transport mode, and function are also popular with the coverage of 67%
Fig 3 Spiderweb chart of Asian road classification themes
across all three countries. In a bigger picture, African countries classified
their roads based on form, performance, and designation categories. They 3.2.3 Road classification themes in Australia
rarely used use as a classification category. Link role is not only the most frequently adopted classification theme in
African Road Classification Themes Australia, function is also a most recognized theme as well. Usage is
Access Control
100% another classification theme that also commonly known in this continent.
All in all, Australian countries distinguish their road classification based
80%
Function Road Surface
60%

40%
on performance and designation categories. Physical side of the
20%

0% classification relationship structure, which are form and use are also
Transport Mode Usage
commonly used but not as frequent as non-physical categories.
-20%

Australian Road Classification Themes

Access Control
Place Status Administration 100%

80%
Function Road Surface
60%
Link Role
40%

20%

Fig 2 Spiderweb chart of African road classification themes 0%

Transport Mode -20% Usage

3.2.2 Road classification themes in Asia

Again, link role is the most used theme in Asia with 100% covered;
Place Status Administration
moreover, administration theme is frequently applied on 100% of the
countries in the study as well. Unlike Africa, road surface and transport Link Role

mode are the themes that we cannot spot in Asian countries. When we view
Fig 4 Spiderweb chart of Australian road classification themes
the road classification based on the four categories, Asian road

6
3.2.4 Road classification themes in Europe
The characteristics of road classification systems used in Europe are more
diverse than the previous three continents, there are 4 themes that widely
applied which are access control, usage, link role and function, with the
coverage of 78%, 78%, 100% and 100%, respectively. This shows that
European countries recognize all four primary classification categories,
which are form, use, designation, and performance. However, European
countries barely assign road surface and administration for their road
classification system.
European Road Classification Themes
Access Control
100%
Function
80%
4. Discussions and Conclusions
The main objective of this paper is to review the road classification
systems around the world by comparison. We gathered the road
classification dataset from different sources and tabulated them together as
road classification profiles. The profiles show that different country
classify their roads in different name, method, and types. In order to
compare the road classification together, a set of general road classification
themes that can be applied interchangeably should be established. We
investigated that there are some similarities of the road classification
profiles, thus, we shape up a relationship structure of the road classification
based on four main categories: form, use, designation, and performance.

60%
Road Surface Combining the relationship structure and the classification categories from
40%
various literature, we produce eight general road classification themes:
20%

0% access control, road surface, usage, administration, link role, place status,
Transport Mode -20% Usage
transport mode, and function.
4.1 Interpretation of the results
Place Status Administration
Having formed eight general classification themes, we assigned the road
Link Role classification profiles of every country to these themes. By comparison,
we found that link role is the theme that is most frequently used around the
Fig 5 Spiderweb chart of European road classification themes world. This result may not be surprising because when the organizations
3.2.5 Road classification themes in North America decide to build a road, they have to identify the locations that it has to link
up. The road that connect with important places will give the road users
In North America, five themes, access control, usage, link role, place
the most benefit. Therefore, this classification theme is applied naturally
status, and function are 100% applied. These themes cover all four primary
and is an easy theme to understand among road builders and users.
classification categories: form, use, designation, and performance. While
it seems that road classification themes in this continent is quite uniformly By grouping the classification themes by continents, we
applied, either 0% or 100% in each theme, note that there were only two discovered that link role is still used frequently by every continent.
countries in the road classification dataset. This may give us a biased However, when comparing the classification categories that each continent
overview towards the road classification information applied in North applied, the type and number of categories used are diverse. Asian
America. countries frequently applied only in one category type of designation while
North American Road Classification Themes
in Australia, they applied both designation and performance. African
Access Control
100%
countries used three categories, form, performance and designation.
Function
80%
Road Surface
Europe and North America employed all four categories for their road
60%

40% classification. If we relate the continent to the degree of development, we

20%

0%
can see that Asia, which has more third world countries located, applied
Transport Mode -20% Usage less road classification categories than Europe and America, which have
more developed countries.

Place Status Administration

4.2 Limitations

Link Role
While this study covers the road classification themes around the world,
there are still some limitations.
Fig 6 Spider web chart of North American road classification themes
First, lacking of information can give a misleading conclusion in
our data such as the case of North American classification themes which

7
we collected the data from only two countries. Only three possible results, Finally, while the road classification provide us knowledge on
0%, 50%, and 100%, could be reported for the popularity of each how each country perceive the roads functions, in order to understand the
classification theme. It is questionable that if one country does not use a ways to effectively manage the road in the proper standards, it is crucial to
particular classification theme, this theme actually lose 50% of popularity know the policy and practice that follow the established road classification.
in this continent or not. Therefore, implication of road classification into road administration,
Furthermore, it appears that cross-classification problem still policy, and funding is another topic worth studying further.
occur in this study even though we have a distinctive definition for every
5. References
classification theme. For example, when we look at a classification of
national road and local road, we may put them into link role theme because [1] Tripp, s., Road traffic and its control, by sir alker tripp. 1950,
of the origin-destination importance; or, we may classify them as Edward arnold.
function theme because national road implies road with high mobility [2] ICSM, Assessing the Feasibility of a National Road Classification,
while local road implies road with high accessibility. Possible explanation in National Road Classification Developments 2006: RWG for the
for this is that because we design the road based on its intended role, its ICSM Bi-Annual Meeting.
functionality is then a product of the role defined. Therefore, the eight [3] Marshall, S., A First Theoretical Approach to Classification of
classification themes defined based only on the management paradigm, we Arterial Streets, in ARTISTS: Arterial Streets Towards
may find it difficult to apply in other cases. Sustainability 2002.
[4] Committee of Transport Officials, South African Road
Some data we acquired are more detailed while some data are less
Classification and Access Management Manual, 2012.
which can give us various precision levels of the road classification system
[5] Marshall, S., Streets and patterns / Stephen Marshall. 2005, New
in many countries. There might be another sub-classification used by
York: Spon.
different road authorities in the same country. Like in Thailand, DRR and
[6] Kenya Road Board, Road Network Classification: Proposed
DOH also have their designated road types based on the design standard.
classification system for kenya road network. 2014 [cited 2014
This sub-classifications can extend the current classification types, for
14/07/2014]; http://www.krb.go.ke/classification.html.
example, in Thailand, they may not only defined by the administration, but
[7] Ighodaro, C.A.U., Road Infrastructure and Economic Growth in
also the thickness of the pavement as well. If we could find the data in this
Nigeria, in First International Conference on Transport
details, we could find deeper relationship for the road classification types
Infrastructure (ICTI 2008) 2008: Beijing, China.
in different countries. Unfortunately, this data usually not accessible and
[8] Horng, C.C. An overview on roads infrastructure development in
most of them are written in local languages.
cambodia. in The International Symposium on Rural Roads 2013:
4.3 Recommendations for future study Toward Sustainable Road Development. 2013. Bangkon,
The findings on continental classification theme differences raise another Thailand.
question that the degree of development may have influence on the types [9] Antameng, M. Rural road in Indonesia: Issues and challenges. in
and number of road classifications adopted. However, such a conclusion The International Symposium on Rural Roads 2013: Toward
still needs (1) a proof that the countries in the same continent have the Sustainable Road Development. 2013. Bagkok, Thailand.
correlation of the classification themes, (2) a method to measure the degree [10] Road Bureau, Roads in Japan 2012, 2012, Ministry of Land,
of development for every country, and (3) more data of road classification Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
on other countries to strengthen the findings. [11] Malaysian roads. [10/07/2014]; Available from:
http://www.jkr.gov.my/app-jkr/index.php?setlang=en.
Along the study, we have seen varying number of themes used by
[12] Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of
the different countries. However, we still not know if using more road
Construction, P.W. Current Situation in Myanmar. in The
classification themes will have influence on improving the road
International Symposium on Rural Roads 2013: Toward
management performance. A further study on this relationship may clarify
Sustainable Road Development. 2013. Bangkok, Thailand.
and strengthen this paper finding.

8
 [13] พระราชบัญ ญัติ ท างหลวง พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๕ แก้ ไ ขเพิ่ ม เติ ม โดย
พระราชบัญญัติทางหลวง (ฉบับที่ ๒) พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๙, สานัก งาน
คณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา, ราชกิจจานุเบกษา. p. 6.
[14] Tung, T.T. Road - Rural Road Network in Vietnam: Current
Situation and Development. in The International Symposium on
Rural Roads 2013: Toward Sustainable Road Development. 2013.
Bangkok, Thailand.
[15] Main Roads Western Australia, Road hierarchy for Western
Australia, 2011.
[16] Road Management Act 2004, C.P. Counsel, 2004.
[17] Federal Highway Administration, Highway Functional
Classification Concepts, Criteria and Procedures, U.S. Department
of Transportation, 2013.

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