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Tower Crane Operator Candidate Handbook - 120122a
Tower Crane Operator Candidate Handbook - 120122a
CANDIDATE HANDBOOK
• TOWER CRANE OPERATOR
Welcome to the National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (CCO) tower
crane operator certification program.
CCO is a nonprofit organization founded in 1995 to establish a fair and independent evaluation
of crane operator knowledge and skills. Key to this industry-led effort has been the
development ment of the CCO written and practical examinations, first for mobile crane
operators, and subsequently for tower, overhead, articulating, and service truck crane
This CCO operators, boom truck operators, digger derrick operators, signalpersons , riggers, crane inspectors, and lift direc
certification This nationally recognized and internationally accredited tower crane operator certification
program is program is the culmination of a year of hard work by experts from the various industries and
accredited by the groups that use cranes, including construction, steel erection, utilities, crane rental, petro
ANSI National chemicals, pulp and paper, and operating engineers. The CCO Tower Crane Task Force
Accreditation that determined the content of the exams was made up of experts from all aspects of the
crane industry—crane operators, training directors, managers, supervisors, manufacturers—
Board (ANAB) to
who together represent many thousands of hours of crane-related experience . These volunteers
ISO 17024 (General gave freely of their time and expertise with the goal of improving the safety of all whose work
Requirements for brings them into contact with cranes and lifting equipment.
Bodies Operating When this program was created, crane operator certification was voluntary unless required by
Certification local jurisdictions or specific employers. However, in August 2010, the federal Occupational
Systems of Persons). Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) enacted new national standards for cranes and
derricks used in construction under 29 CFR 1926 Subpart CC. These new rules require that
operators of most cranes above 2,000 lb. capacity when used in construction need to be either
certified by an accredited crane operator testing organization such as CCO or qualified through
an audited employer program. Section 1926.1427 of the new rule describes crane operator
certification/qualification requirements. Option 1, which is anticipated to be the most commonly
used, requires operators to be certified by a nationally accredited crane operator testing
organization that tests operators through written and practical testing. Obtaining CCO certification
Mobile, Tower, Overhead,
Articulating, and Service Truck Crane
meets all the requirements set forth by the new OSHA rule.
Operator, Digger Derrick Operator,
Signalperson, Rigger Level I and
Level II, Crane Inspector, and Lift
To ensure CCO examinations are—and remain—valid measurements of proficiency, CCO
Director Programs Accredited
teamed its exam development expertise with the task force's knowledge and experience. In
addition to guiding the development of new examinations, CCO continually analyzes the
performance of CCO exams and reports to the Exam Management Committees. To be able to
provide fair and independent assessments, CCO does not conduct training, nor does it provide
This handbook reflects training materials.
CCO's current policies at
the time of publication; CCO, as a third-party certification body, is fully committed to, and understands the impor
to be sure that you have tance of, delivering all certification activities on a foundation of impartiality. All policies and
the latest version of this procedures are established in an objective manner and ultimately strive to achieve fairness
book, see the Handbooks throughout all activities. CCO prevents any conflicts of interest through detailed policies and
and Forms page on the procedures observed by staff, governing body representatives, and those involved in written
CCO website. Please
and practical exam administration.
read this handbook
carefully and retain it This candidate handbook has been prepared to provide you with comprehensive
for reference throughout information about the CCO written and practical examinations leading to certification
the certification process. for operating tower cranes. CCO recognizes the commitment you are about to make and
will do everything it can to make your experience a positive and successful one. If, after
Do not discard
reading this handbook, there is anything that you do not fully understand or need
this document.
clarified, please call CCO at 703-560-2391 or email candidate@nccco.org. CCO staff will
CCO does not dis guide you through any aspect of the program that you would like explained in more detail.
Criminate against any
individual because of Thank you for your interest—and good luck with your efforts to become CCO-certified!
race, gender, age,
creed, disability, or
national origin.
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Table of Contents
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Introduction
TOWER CRANE OPERATOR
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION job task analysis. This study identified the knowledge and
skills necessary for safe crane operations. A
The National Commission for the Certification of Crane
representative number of crane operators then validated
Operators (CCO) is an independent, nonprofit
that the knowledge recommended by the experts was vital
organization formed in 1995 to set standards for fairly
to safe operations. The study and survey were then used
measuring the knowledge and proficiency required for the
to generate the test blueprints and content specifications.
safe opera tion of cranes. CCO currently administers a
nationwide program of certifications for crane operators Development of the CCO Tower Crane Operator Written
and related trades, including riggers and signalpersons. Examination involved a panel of crane operation content
experts who worked with CCO staff to write and review
Based on extensive discussions with representatives from
all questions used in the examination. Each examination
all segments of business and industry who recognize the
contains a unique combination of questions from the
impact of safety issues, CCO has identified the following
question bank. These questions are selected for the exami
potential benefits of operator certification:
nation on the basis of the content areas, as defined by the
• Fewer accidents, injuries, and fatalities test blueprints.
• Reduced risk of loss Similarly, the Tower Crane Operator Practical
• Assurance of operator's abilities • Examination was developed as a fair and objective
assessment of the essential skills a crane operator needs
Less property damage •
to operate tower cranes safely.
Improved safety records •
These exams were developed over a one-year period by
Enhanced public image of crane operators an CCO task force made up of experts from all aspects
All candidates are required to pass both the Written and of the crane industry—crane operators, training directors,
Practical Examination(s) to be certified. managers, supervisors, manufacturers—who together
represent many thousands of hours of crane-related
As detailed in this handbook, candidates may take the
experience. This task force teamed its knowledge and
Practical Examination on the following tower crane types:
experience with CCO's exam development expertise.
• Hammerhead
CCO guided the task force in establishing key elements of
• Luffing jib • the program, including identifying essential skills, selecting
Self-erecting ing tasks, standardizing test conditions, developing the
scoring process, establishing reliability among tests, and
The initial certification period is for five years. To maintain
creating flexible application and scheduling procedures.
their certification, certificants are required to recertify
prior to their expiration date. Periodic written examination In concert with the Tower Crane Task Force, CCO also
is necessary to ensure that certificants' knowledge of designed the Practical Exam Proctor Program, whereby
industry standards, equipment, and safety practices CCO trains and credentials CCO-certified crane operators
keeps pace with changes in these areas. CCO's subject to administer CCO practical examinations.
matter experts, working in conjunction with psychometric
consultants, reviewed the speed of such change in the
industry and researched other comparable certification
and licensing programs before determining that this goal
could be achieved by setting the examination interval at
five years. Little, if any, additional benefits, it is believed,
would accrue by more frequent testing. A practical (skills)
examination is not required for recertification, as long as
the certificant meets specified experience requirements.
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Certification Policies
TOWER CRANE OPERATOR
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In my occupation, I will conduct myself in a manner: In recognizing its responsibility to maintain the integrity of
CCO's certification programs, CCO understands that
i. So as to place the safety and welfare of others
action may be needed against a candidate or certificant
associated with my work above all other
considerations; upon receipt and investigation of allegations of violation(s)
of the Code of Ethics or Substance Abuse Policy or similar
ii. So as to protect and preserve nearby general public policies, if they are found to be substantiated.
property and the environment; and
Find grounds for disciplinary action as well as the
iii. So as to be free of bias with regard to religion,
policies and procedures surrounding such action at
Ethnicity, gender, age, national origin, and disability.
www.nccco.org/discipline.
Furthermore, in connection with my work and in my deal
ings with CCO, I will: SUBSTANCE ABUSE POLICY
iv. Make management and appropriate personnel aware It is the policy of the National Commission for the Certifi
promptly if I have any safety concerns relating to cation of Crane Operators (CCO) that certified personnel
the work that I am performing or with which I am shall not perform duties related to their certification while
involved; under the influence of any substance that impairs or may
reasonably be expected to impair their ability to work
v. Not knowingly violating any safety-related regulations,
safely in the workplace.
warnings, or instructions set forth by OSHA,
recognized safety standards, prevailing jurisdictions, See details of the CCO substance abuse policy
or equipment manufacturers; and, at www.nccco.org/abuse.
vi. Not mislead, misrepresent or knowingly deceive others
CERTIFICATION CARDS
concerning my experience or the capabilities of myself
or the equipment I am operating or with which I am Certified operators receive a laminated photo ID card at
working. no cost when they certify, add a designation, or recertify.
In addition, in my dealings with CCO, I will: Replacement cards may be ordered online
vii. Provide accurate and complete information and abide at: www.nccco.org/newcard.
by CCO's policies and procedures, including this Code Certification cards remain the property of CCO, are not
of Ethics, as they may be updated from time to time; transferable, and must be returned to CCO upon demand.
viii. Not act dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain an
CHANGE OF ADDRESS
advantage, or to provide another with an advantage,
in connection with any dealings with CCO; Certificates who change their address must notify CCO
ix. Cooperate fully and completely with any administrative as soon as possible. Failure to do so may cause important
inquiries or investigations by CCO; and, x. updates on CCO programs to be missed that could affect a
certificant's stature.
Not misrepresent or misuse any CCO card, or the
CCO or CCO acronyms and logos, or any registered The fastest and easiest way to update your contact
trademark or other intellectual property of CCO; information is using the myCCO portal smartphone
and I understand that I must return the card to CCO app, available for iPhones and Android phones.
immediately if required to do so. Alternatively, you may use the companion website
(www.nccco.org/myCCO) to access and update your
CCO-certified personnel who intentionally or knowingly
contact information and review your current certifications
violate any provision of the Code of Ethics will be subject
and expiration dates. The app also enables you to view
to action by a peer review panel, the Ethics and Discipline
your upcoming exams and recent exam history, including
Committee, which may result in suspension or revocation exam results.
of certification.
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1. Go to my.ccocert.org and login or register for an Once the application has been processed, candidates will
account. receive a scheduling authorization email with specific
instructions on how to find an available authorized CCO test
2. Once you are logged in, submit an online application and
pay for the exam(s). site. Scheduling your exam appointment occurs through
the Test Site Coordinator. Once scheduled, candi dates will
3. Application deadlines and processing times vary by type
receive a CCO appointment confirmation email with the date,
of testing. Please see specifics below.
time, and location of their appointment.
4. Candidates have six months from the date of
Candidates will receive preliminary exam results immediately
application to take exam(s).
following testing.
Examination Fees
Computer-Based Testing (CBT)
For all exam and related fees, visit the Exam Fees page on
CCO's website at www.nccco.org/fees. Take your exam(s) online using a computer at any of the 400+
PSI test centers across the country. For more information
WRITTEN EXAMINATION OPTIONS about CBT, go to www.nccco.org/cbt.
The following exam administration options are available for Applications may be submitted at any time, but no less than
CCO written exams: five business days before your preferred exam date.
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test booklet(s) will NOT be counted toward a candidate's • To cancel an application email candidate@nccco.org.
score.
• Refunds, minus a cancellation fee, will be issued
RESCHEDULING/CANCELLATION within 30 days of the cancellation.
• Candidates who miss their exam appointment, or
The following policies apply should a candidate be unable to miss the cancellation deadline will forfeit their fees.
attend the scheduled exam appointment.
Emergency Cancellation
Online Proctored Testing (OPT)
Only the following are considered grounds for emergency
• Candidates may reschedule or cancel their exam cancellation:
appointment at no cost through the myCCO portal at least
one minute prior to the exam start time. • Called to work—supporting documentation required: letter
from employer
• Candidates who are 15 minutes late for their
appointment, miss their exam appointment entirely, or do • Candidate illness—supporting documentation
not test within six months of their application submission required: doctor's note
will forfeit their fees. • Family death—supporting documentation required: death
• Note that candidates who scheduled testing through OPT certificate or obituary notice
are able to cancel and reschedule through EOT if they so To be considered for an emergency cancellation:
choose, at no additional cost.
• Candidates must notify CCO within seven business
Event Online Testing (EOT) days following the exam date.
• Candidates may reschedule or cancel their exam • To cancel an application, email candidate@nccco.org along
appointment at no cost by contacting their Test Site with required supporting documentation.
Coordinator as long as the exam has not been started. • Refunds, minus a cancellation fee, will be issued
• Candidates who decide not to take exams, or do not test within 30 days of the cancellation.
within six months of application submission will forfeit • Candidates who miss their exam, decide not to take
their fees. exams, or cancel after the deadline will forfeit their fees.
• Note that candidates who scheduled testing through EOT
are able to cancel and reschedule through OPT if they so
IDENTIFICATION AT THE TEST SITE
choose, at no additional cost.
Computer-Based Testing (CBT) Candidates must bring valid (not expired) government
issued photo identification that includes date of birth to the
• Candidates may reschedule their exam appointment at no test site on the day of the test administration. Candi dates
cost through PSI as long as they do so at least 24 hours will be required to sign the test site roster upon entry to the
prior to the exam start time. testing area.
• To reschedule or unschedule exams:
Acceptable forms of photo identification may include a
–Log into PSI account, or current:
– Call PSI at 833-333-4752 • Passport
• Candidates who do not cancel their appointment by • Government-issued driver's license
the deadline, miss their exam appointment, arrive late for
• Military identification card • US
their appointment, decide not to take exams, or do not test
within six months of application submission will forfeit Government–issued alien registration card
their fees.
NOTE: Candidates without appropriate identification
documents will NOT be admitted to take the CCO
Paper/Pencil Testing (PPT)
examination(s) and all fees will be forfeited.
Standard Cancellation
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SCORE REPORTING hour with an authorization code for each practical exam
they are approved to take. Candidates have up to
Online Proctored Testing (OPT) and Event Online
six months to take their practical exam before their
Testing (EOT) authorization expires.
• Candidates will receive preliminary exam results
Please note the following requirements:
immediately following testing.
• Candidates will not be permitted to take a practical
• Candidates results will also be available in the myCCO exam without their authorization code.
Portal and mobile phone app.
• Candidates must take the authorized practical exam
Computer-Based Testing (CBT) by the expiration date. No extensions permitted.
• CBT candidates will receive their test results • Applications cannot be canceled, refunded, or
immediately following their exams and should retain transferred to another candidate.
these score reports for their records.
• On test day candidates must bring a valid
• Candidates results will also be available in the myCCO government-issued photo ID (passport, driver's
mobile phone app. license) with date of birth.
Paper/Pencil Testing (PPT)
• Paper/pencil CCO written examinations are
electronically scored by CCO. For this reason, it
is important to complete the answer sheet according
to the instructions provided by the Written Exam Proctor
on the day of the exam. Candidates will receive credit
only for answers recorded on the scannable answer
sheet. Answers marked in the test booklet(s) will NOT
be counted toward a candidate's score.
• Examination results are emailed to candidates
approximately 12 business days after the examination
administration.
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Arrangements for persons with disabilities will be pro • A candidate's signature on the answer sheet or roster
for the administration of the examination confirms
vided upon request, in conformance with the Americans
that the candidate has read and understands the
with Disabilities Act (ADA).
above statements.
Professional documentation in support of a request
for accommodation must be submitted to CCO no Candidate Question Comment Forms
later than four weeks prior to the scheduled test Computer-based testing candidates may provide com
date. For further information about testing ments for any question by clicking on the “Comments”
accommodations, see the complete CCO Testing button to the left of the Time button. This opens a dialogue
Accommodations Policy at: www.nccco.org/accommodations. box where candidates may enter comments.
TEST SITE INFORMATION NOTE: Only comments completed on the Candidate
Question Comment Form or provided during
Test Security
the computer-based examination at the test site
For the purpose of test security, candidates who sit for will be considered for review.
CCO examination(s) acknowledge that they understand
TEST SCORING INFORMATION
the following:
CCO written examinations are criterion-referenced
• The examination is the exclusive property of CCO. •
examinations; ie, the passing score is set beforehand,
The examination and the questions contained therein are
and candidate performance on the examination is not
protected by federal copyright law.
compared to the performance of others taking the exami
• No part of the examination(s) may be copied or nation. In a criterion-referenced examination, a candidate
reproduced in part or whole by any means must obtain a score equal to or higher than a predictor
whatsoever, including memorization. • mined passing score to pass the test. The score
Theft or attempted theft of an examination is represents an absolute standard and is determined by a
Punishable as a felony. panel of CCO content experts using a psychometrically
accepted standard-setting methodology.
• While at the examination site, candidates are
considered professionals and shall be treated as In reporting the examination results to candidates,
such. In turn, candidates must conduct themselves statistical procedures are used to convert raw scores
in a professional manner at all times. While at the (ie, the number of test questions answered correctly) to
site, they shall not use words or take actions that are scaled scores, which are set for all administrations of the
vulgar, obscene, libelous, or that would denigrate the examination(s). The scaled score is not a number
staff or other candidates. answered-correctly score.
• No conversing or any other form of communication Candidate results are reported as a pass/fair status.
among the candidates is permitted once they enter
the examination area. Candidate scores are never reported by telephone.
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The Tower Crane Written Examination tests the following 7. Understand the proper crane configuration.
knowledge areas relating to the operation of tower cranes. 8. Be familiar with standard minimum and maximum tie-in
Domain 1: Site • spacing and maximum tower height above tie-ins.
Approximately 10% of test
9. Be familiar with proper installation of internal climbing
Domain 2: Erection, Climbing, and Dismantling
collars, support beams, wedges, and climbing
Approximately 25% of test
apparatus.
Domain 3: Operations 10. Be familiar with proper installation of top climbing units
Approximately 50% of test and tie-in collars, struts, and lower braces.
Domain 4: Technical Knowledge 11. Know proper position of top climbing unit
Approximately 15% of test after climbing procedures in accordance with
manufacturer's specifications.
Domain 1: Site
12. Be familiar with proper travel rail installation and
Approximately 10% of test maintenance.
1. Know how to assess suitability of the supporting
surface.*
DOMAIN 3: OPERATIONS
Approximately 50% of the test
2. Know how to determine if there is adequate room for
outriggers and tail swing.* 1. Know how to inspect the crane for proper condition and
complete required records.
3. Know how to locate and identify site hazards and
2. Know how and when to communicate with
restrictions such as electric power lines, air-rights, or other
hazardous systems and public access areas. management, crew, and signalperson.
4. Be familiar with basic requirements for power 3. Know standard method hand signals as specified by
sources, fusing, disconnects, lightning protection, and OSHA.
grounding. 4. Know how to shut down and secure the crane
5. Be familiar with the necessity to protect the crane's properly when leaving it unattended.
foundation. 5. Know the manufacturer's recommendations for
* operating in various weather conditions.
1 and 2 refer to self-erecting tower cranes only
6. Know how to verify the weight of the load and the
DOMAIN 2: ERECTION, CLIMBING, AND rigging.
DISMANTLING
7. Understand basic load rigging procedures.
Approximately 25% of test
8. Know how to perform basic maintenance.
1. Know proper erection, climbing, and dismantling
9. Know the crane operator responsibilities contained in
procedures specified by the manufacturer in the
ASME B30.3 and specified by OSHA.
operator's manual.
10. Know how to use operator aids and limiting devices.
2. Know general notes and warnings to be applied during
climbing procedures. 11. Know the proper procedures for operating safely under
special conditions—eg, traveling with suspended
3. Know the maximum allowable wind speeds during
loads; approaching two blocking; operating near
erection, climbing, dismantling, and operation.
electric power lines; lifting loads from beneath the surface
4. Understand the proper procedures for bolting and/or pinning of the water; handling loads out of the operator's vision
connections. (“in the blind”); and using suspended personnel
5. Understand the maximum freestanding height allowed. platforms.
12. Know the proper procedures for load control during
6. Understand the proper counterweight configurations the use of handheld tag lines.
and/or central ballast requirements.
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Reference List
TOWER CRANE OPERATOR
The following reference materials are used by CCO's CCO TOWER CRANE REFERENCE $29.50
Examination Committee to verify the accuracy of CCO test MANUAL
questions.
Order by Internet: http://www.nccco.org/store/
Candidates are strongly advised to become familiar with
manufacturers' load charts in preparing for CCO certification
IPT'S CRANE AND RIGGING TRAINING $34.00
examinations. (Prices shown current at press time.)
MANUAL (2005) + S&H $10.00
ASME, B30.3 (2019) $72.00
Order by Internet: http://www.iptbooks.com/
TOWER CRANES
Order by Mail:
And successive addenda
IPT Publishing and Training Ltd.
ASME, B30.29 (2018) $42.00 PO Box 9590
SELF-ERECTING TOWER CRANES Edmonton, Alberta, T6E 5X2 Canada
ph: 780-962-4548; Fax: 780-962-4819
Order by Internet: https://www.asme.org/
codes-standards/find-codes-standards Payments accepted: VISA, MasterCard, American Express,
check, money order
Order by Mail:
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
BOB'S RIGGING & CRANE HANDBOOK
22 Law Drive, Box 2900
Fairfield, NJ 07007 Desk size: $24.00 Pocket
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The Proctor has the authority to stop the test at any time • You have approximately one minute per item.
for reasons of safety. Please ask the Proctor if you have
questions. PRE-TEST FAMILIARIZATION PERIOD
• You will be allowed 15 minutes to familiarize yourself
If you are disqualified due to an unsafe act, you will not be
with the crane and to examine anything on the crane
permitted to test on any crane until the next day.
that you feel is necessary to operate it comfortably.
CANDIDATE ID AND SIGNATURE • You will be allowed to get the feel of the controls and
Prior to beginning the examination, the Proctor will ask run the crane through its functions. The jib length
you for a valid (not expired) government-issued photo has been preset. The brakes and other devices have
identification that includes date of birth, such as a driver's been set according to the crane manufacturer's
license. recommendations.
• You may not interfere with the test course, lift the
The Proctor will ask if you have read the Candidate
test weight, or shadow the Zigzag Corridor and Load
Information and Instructions and will answer any Circle.
questions you may have. He/she will review with you the
• You must finish the Pre-test Familiarization Period
weather conditions and ask you to sign indicating that you
with the load hook under control in the Start Circle
under stand the instructions for the test and that you agree
with the Proctor's assessment of the weather conditions. within the 15-minute period.
• The Proctor will notify you when there are ten, five,
WEATHER CONDITIONS/Equipment PROBLEMS and one minute(s) remaining.
The Proctor will use an anemometer to check the wind • If you are ready in less than 15 minutes, you may
speed and then will record the weather conditions on the indicate this to the Proctor.
score sheet.
• If, at the end of the Pre-Test Familiarization Period,
The Proctor has the responsibility to determine if weather you feel you are not ready to take the examination,
conditions or equipment problems are such that a test you should notify the Proctor. You will have, in effect,
needs to be suspended. If the test is interrupted due to disqualified yourself from taking the examination at
weather conditions or equipment problems, the procedure this time, and you will be required to sign to that effect
for restarting is as follows: on the Candidate Score Sheet.
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b. Load hook touching ground either inside or signal, this indicates that the weight is not within the
outside of the circle circle and the task continues to be timed.
c. Load hook or chain contacting any part of the • Points will be deducted for the following: a.
course (eg, poles) Knocking ball off pole b.
d. Lifting the chain off the ground after it has made Knocking pole over c.
contact with the ground inside the circle e.
Exceeding the optimum time d.
Exceeding the optimum time
Hitting any part of the course
• Swing, trolley, or hoist as necessary to place the test • Timing stops when you have placed the test weight on
weight on the ground completely within the Load the ground in the Stop Circle and the Proctor has
Circle. given you a stop signal. The task is not complete until
the load is placed completely within the outside perimeter
• The Proctor will then give the hoist and swing signal, and of the circle and the Proctor has given you a stop signal.
this will indicate that you should then hoist and swing If the Proctor does not give you a stop signal, this
to place the test weight on the ground in the Start indicates the weight is not within the circle, and the
Circle.
task continues to be timed.
• Do not let any part of the test weight make contact with • The Proctor will then detach the test weight from the load
the PVC barriers that surround the Load and Start hook.
Circles.
• At the Proctor's direction, swing the load hook to the Start
• Timing ends when you have placed the test weight on the Circle and allow the Proctor to attach the chain in
ground in the Start Circle. The task is not complete until readiness for the next candidate. Remain in the cab or
the load is placed completely within the outside perimeter at the operator's station until the Proctor gives you a
of the circle and the Proctor has given you a stop signal. clear indication that you may leave. Set the swing
If the Proctor has not given you a stop brake and lock before leaving.
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POST-TEST PROCEDURES
Once you have completed the Practical Examination:
• The Proctor will record your performance. •
The Proctor is not permitted to review your score
sheet or discuss your performance on the test.
• Exam results will be mailed to you within
approximately twelve working days of CCO's receipt of
the score sheet.
HB CODE: 50022 FORM: 102 Copyright 2004–2022 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights reserved. TCO CH REV 12/22 16
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Phone: 703-560-2391
info@nccco.org
www.nccco.org