Prelim Module 1: Pimsat Colleges

PIMSAT COLLEGES
McArthur Highway, Bolosan District, Dagupan City

Email Address: pimsat_colleges@yahoo.comwww.pimsatcolleges.net
NAV. 5
Operational Use of RADAR / ARPA
PRELIM MODULE 1
ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022
2M ALPHERD G. ACEBEROS
Faculty in charge
PRELIM MODULE OUTPUT SUBMISSION: Oct. 1, 2021

Approach: Modular Distance Learning
Learning Strategy: PDF to be saved in USB to be picked-up at the
Academic Affairs Office as per scheduled posted at
PIMSAT Facebook page
PIMSAT COLLEGES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword 04
Subject and Institution’s information 05
Overview 06
Module Policy and expectation 07
General guidelines concerning the module submission 08
Appeal mechanism 09
Learning outcome 09
Introduction of RADAR 10-11
Assignment 1 12
Lesson 1 / topic 13 - 14
Assessment 1 15
Lesson 2 15-16
Assessment 2 17
Laboratory instruction 17
Reference 18
PIMSAT COLLEGES
FOREWO
RD
Thismodule focus on operational use of RADAR / ARPA made for marine

transportation students. It discusses how to monitor nearest land and movement
of other vessel using RADAR / ARPA to prevent collision especially during poor or
zero visibility.
The purpose of this module is to teach students the correct use and function of
RADAR / ARPA this module has exercises and laboratory instruction.
The following components are found in each topic and learning outcomes:
2/M Alpherd G. Aceberos

Faculty in-charged
PIMSAT COLLEGES
VISION
“ASTARof the FUTURE” Acceleration of Scientific and Technological Advancement

for the Realities of the Future.
MISSION
“Strengthen PIMSAT”The institution shall Strengthen its presence in the

International market of Science application and technology.
QUALITY POLICY
The PIMSAT Colleges Inc., is committed to provide QualityTertiary and Technical

Vocational Education and Trainingservices that shall satisfy and delight student’s and
stakeholders’ relevant requirements by continual improvement of its Quality
Management System.
INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOMES
Produce globally competitive graduates equipped with theexpertise and professional

skills for active participation inaccelerating arts, sciences and technology for the
nationaland international area.
PROGRAM OUTCOMES
1. A graduate of BSMT shall be able to demonstrate theability to perform the

competence, at the operationallevel under Table A-II/1 of the STCW Code and
otherrallied conventions.
2. The ability to demonstrate all the required technical,behavioral, attitudinal
competencies as required by thePIMSAT Colleges Inc.
3. Apply knowledge in mathematics, science andtechnology in solving problems
related to the professionand the workplace
4. Communicate orally and in writing using English.
5. Use appropriate techniques, skills and modern tools inthe practice of the
PIMSAT COLLEGES
profession in order to remain globally competitive.
OVERVIEW
The Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation(BSMT) is a four-year undergraduate degree program

thatleads to a professional career in the maritime industry, as amarine deck officer. Through this
program, the students willbe able to acquire the necessary skills and knowledgeneeded to accomplish
their future duties and responsibilities
as a marine officer and will be exposed to theories andpractices in navigation, seamanship, ship
business,meteorology and marine laws.As part of this course, this primary subject Navigation 5
thatdeals with ability to determine the ship’s position by use ofelectronic navigational aids. Ability to
operate the radar / arpaand apply the information correctly. Knowledge ofthe principles of radar /
arpaand Other bridge navigational equipments that needto be used on navigation.This module will help
you to learned regarding theIntroduction to different function and settings of a marine radar.
MODULE POLICY AND EXPECTATIONS
POLICY
This module is good for two weeks. It is prohibited to

share or reproduced to other students or individual.
Exercises, examinations are needs to be answered, missing
any exercise or examination will not be accepted. You can
only use reference like hand-outs, book or link/website listed
in this module.
Expectations
1. Be Prepared. You are responsible for your grademeaning your grade will be
basedfrom your output like,assignment, quiz, project, performance and
examination.During interaction in our group chat you are expected to
respond to the questions from the instructor and/or otherstudents. You can
earn the good grade you deserve byactively participate and well prepared.
2. Assessment Instruction. At the end of each lesson youwill be having an
assessment to be answered andsubmitted thru a separate paper every
submission ofyour USB.
3. Tools Needed. For plotting use divider, navigational triangle and pencil,
calculatorfor computation
4. Be Cooperative.Eachstudent must be willingly commit and follow all
Instruction given by the instructor incharge.
5. Respect the Instructor. It is not appropriate to openlychallenging the
Instructor’sknowledge during interactivediscussion.
PIMSAT COLLEGES
General Guidelines Concerning the Module Submission
1. You shall follow the deadline for submission ofassignments/projects and

prescribedassessmentactivities at the appointed time maintaining the
minimumhealth protocols.
2. To ensure all assignments are received safely, you mustsubmit soft (USB) and
hardcopy of your activity,assignments/projects, examination thru your class
representative.
3. If you wish submit an assignment/project later than duedate should obtain
permission in advance from hisinstructor.
4. In case you are unable to complete a classtest/examination/other assessment
task should apply tothe Head of Department or her delegate for
specialconsideration. The application must be accompanied byoriginal copies of
any relevant documentary evidence,including medical certificates in cases of
illness ordisability.
5. If the Head of Department or her delegate, afterconsidering all available
information, decides to reject ayour request for special consideration, the student
will beaccorded a fail grade in the unattended components ofassessment for the
module.
6. As your Instructor may use my discretion in handling anyunusual cases of late
submission/absence for assessmentactivities on a case-by-case basis while
adhering to theprinciples as stipulated in the above information.
Appeal Mechanism
In case of disputes against the above items, you can

appeal to the Dean of Maritime; if you remain unsatisfied, the
appeal will go to the Director of Academics for furtherinvestigation.
PIMSAT COLLEGES
LEARNING OUTCOME
Subject matter At the end of this module, the student should

be able to:
Subject and institution’s acknowledge all the requirements of this
information subject and institution’s information as
well as the program outcomes
Introduction State the important function of RADAR /
ARPA onboard
Lesson 1 a. explain the fundamental principles
of radar
b. name five main parts of radar
Lesson 2 a. Explain causes of faulty interpretation of
the radar picture
b. identify factors affecting
performance of a radar
PIMSAT COLLEGES
Introduction
Radar(Radio Detection and Ranging) radar plotting used to be referred to

as Rapid Radar Plotting, with an emphasis on"Rapid." In order to make the
procedure quick and mathematically painless, contacts are usually
observed at intervals of 6 minutes, 12 minutes or 15 minutes. Calculating
speeds and/or distances is extremely easy at these intervals.
RADAR / ARPA Terminology:

CPA: Closest point of approach. If the line of relative motion is extended, the CPA is
the shortest distance from that line to the center of the plotting sheet (where
our own ship is located). If the CPA is 0, we are on a collision course with the
other vessel.
•RML: Relative Motion line
•NRML: New Relative Motion line.
•SRM: Speed of relative motion (length of r→m)
•DRM: Direction of relative motion (direction of r→m)
•Mx: The position of the other ship on RML at planned time of evasive action; point
PIMSAT COLLEGES
Closest Point of
Approach - CPA
CPA = Closest Point of Approach
Always expressed as a bearing and
range from own boat.
PIMSAT COLLEGES
Assignment #1:
Instruction: draw a diagram of marine radar.

(Use separate paper)
Drawing scoring scheme

Deductions
Errors
Maximum points Actual points
1. Correct assembly 50 % = 15
1.1 Not clear intended function 7.5
1.2 Improper use of types of lines 7.5
2. Printing major functional dimension 30 % = 9
2.1 No visible horizon 3
2.2 No sensible horizon 3
2.3 No rational horizon 3
3. View projection 10 % = 3
3.1 incomplete projection 1.5
3.2 No view of different angle 1.5
4. Drawing according to information 10 % = 3
4.1 improper scale 1.5
4.2 Incomplete information 1.5
Total 100 % = 30
PIMSAT COLLEGES
Assessment 1“ ESSAY”
1. Explain the basic function of each parts ofmarine RADAR
Assessment2“ ESSAY”
Direction: use separate paper to answer the following question
1. What is the effect of refraction?

2. What is expected to appear at radar display when radar is
affected by electronic interference?
Laboratory Instruction:
You will be having first practical exercises upon

submission of your module’s assignment and
assessment. Scope of your practical exercises as
PIMSAT COLLEGES
follows:
1. Describe the main parts of radar

2. Name the external factors that affect radar detection
Reference:
1. Radar observation and plotting course part 1 & 2 (Capt. F.T Ventosa)
2. How to understand radar screens and user control (Youtube Channel)
Prepared by:Reviewed by:
Alpherd G. AceberosC/M Ian M. Pelayo

Faculty in charge Dean Maritime Education
Approved by:
PIMSAT COLLEGES
Dr. Alfredo F. Aquino

VP for Research & Planning
Operational Use Of RADAR / ARPA
MODUL
E2
2M ALPHERD G. ACEBEROS
Faculty in charge
PIMSAT COLLEGES
1ST SEM. 2021 -

2022
Target time frame:
Approach: Distance Learning
Alternative Access Strategy: Worksheets, PDF, Power point

Presentation, saved in USB to be picked-up at the office of Director of
Academics every
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Learning outcome 3
Lesson 1 operation and performance of RADAR / ARPA 4

Topic 1 – Application of colreg
Topic 2 – Radar installations 5
Exercise 1 “ ESSAY” 6
Lesson 2Radar Set –up in accordance with manufacturer’s 7

Topic 1 – The display
Topic 2 - Recognition of unwanted echoes 8
Exercise 2 “ ESSAY” 9
Laboratory instructions / Reference 10

PIMSAT COLLEGES
LEARNING OUTCOME
Subject matter At the end of this module, the student should

be able to:
Lesson 1 operation a) understand the operation of the
and performance radar/arpa
of RADAR / ARPA b) apply the setting and uses of the
equipment
Lesson 2 Radar Set – a) apply radar display settings
up in accordance b) describe the unwanted echoes appear
with manufacturer’s in radar screen
PIMSAT COLLEGES
LESSON 1 - Operation and performance of RADAR / ARPA
ILO: At the end of this lesson the student’s should be able to: a)
understand the operation of the radar b) apply the setting and uses of
the equipment
TOPIC 1 – Application of COLREG
The use of RADAR is to avoid collisions or closed encounters

PIMSAT COLLEGES
to other vessel. The radar equipment should provide an

indication, in relation to the ship, the position of other
surface craft, obstructions and buoys, shorelines and
navigational marks in a manner which will assist in navigation
and in avoiding collision.
Topic 2 – Radar installations
All radar installations should comply with the following

minimum requirements.
1. Minimum range – the surface objects should be clearly displayed

from a minimum range of 50 meters up to 1 nautical mile without
changing the setting of controls.
2. Range measurement – Fixed electronic range rings should be
provided.
3. Heading indicator – The heading of the ship should be indicated
by a line on the display with a maximum error not greater than
plus or minus 1 degree.
4. Bearing measurement – Bearing of a target whose echo appears
at the edge of the display to be measured with an accuracy of plus
or minus 1 degree or better.
5. Discrimination – The equipment should be capable of displaying
as separate indications on a range scale of 2 nautical miles or less,
two small targets at a range of between 50 percent and 100
percent of the range scale in use, and on the same azimuth,
6. Roll or Pitch – The performance of the equipment should be such
that when the ship is rolling or pitching up to plus or minus 10
degrees.
PIMSAT COLLEGES
7. Scan – The scan should be clockwise, continuous and automatic

through 360 degrees of azimuth. The scan rate should be not less
than 12 revolutions per minute.
8. Anti-clutter devices – suitable means should be provided for the
suppression of unwanted echoes from sea clutter, rain and other
forms of precipitation, clouds and sandstorms.
9. Operation – The equipment should be capable of being switched
on and operated from the display position
a) Operational controls should be accessible and easy to identify
and use.
b) After switching on from cold the equipment should become
fully operational within 4 minutes.
c) A standby condition should be provided from which the
equipment can be brought to an operational condition within
15 seconds.
10. Interference
11. True motion display
12. Antenna system
13. Operation with radar beacons
14. Multiple radar installations
Exercise 1“ ESSAY”
2. How radar should be a great help to the OOW in order to avoid

collision to other vessel or in any object at the surface of the
water?
Ans. _____________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3. Why all radar must comply with the minimum requirements?
Ans. ______________________________________________
PIMSAT COLLEGES
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Lesson 2 – Radar Set – up in accordance with manufacturer’s

instruction
ILO: At the end of this lesson the student’s should be able to: a) apply
radar settingsb) describe the unwanted echoes appear in radar screen
RADAR DISPLAY / GAIN SETTING
Topic 1.The display – the radar display is often referred to as

the plan position indicator (PPI). On a PPI, the sweep
PIMSAT COLLEGES
appears as a radial line, centered at the center of the

scope and rotating in synchronization with the antenna.
Diffraction – is the bending of a wave as it passes an
obstruction. Because of diffraction there is some
illumination of the region behind an obstruction or
target by the radar beam.
Attenuation – is the scattering and absorption of the
energy in the radar beam as it passes through the
atmosphere. It causes a decrease in echo strength.
Receiver controls
a) Tuning
b) Gain
c) Linear / logarithmic gain
d) Sensitivity time control
e) Fast time control
Display control
a) Brilliance g) VRM
b) Illumination h) EBL
c) Focus i) Mechanical cursor
d) Shift j) Heading marker
e) Range selector k) Clear scan
f) Range ring l) Anti – clutter
Display Modes
a) True motion
b) Relative motion
c) North – up
PIMSAT COLLEGES
d) Course – up
e) Head – up
Topic 2 – Recognition of unwanted echoes
Indirect or false echoes are caused by reflection of the

main lobe of the radar beam off ship’s structures
such as stacks and kingposts. When such reflection
does occur, the echo will return from a legitimate
radar contact to the antenna by the same indirect
path.
Multiple echoes may occur when a strong echo is
received from another ship at close range. A second,
third or more echoes may be observed on the
radarscope at double, triple, or other multiples of the
actual range of the radar contact.
Exercise 2 “ ESSAY”
Direction: use separate paper to answer the following question
1) What we expect to appear at the radar display when indirect

echo will occur?
Ans: ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
PIMSAT COLLEGES
2) What is the difference between false echo and multiple echo?

Ans: _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
LABORATORY
No laboratory activities as per CHED-MARINA guidelines.

You will be notified accordingly when will be the resume of laboratory activities
Reference:
3. Radar observation and plotting course part 1 & 2 (Capt. F.T Ventosa)
4. The American practical navigator by Nathaniel bowditch (2002 edition)
5. Google search (Radar plotting refresher – Crawford nautical school)
Prepared by: Reviewed by:
Alpherd G. AceberosC/M Ian M. Pelayo

Faculty in charge Dean College of Maritime Education
Approved by:
Dr. Alfredo F. Aquino

VP for Research & Planning

Prelim Module 1: Pimsat Colleges

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PIMSAT COLLEGES

McArthur Highway, Bolosan District, Dagupan City

PRELIM MODULE OUTPUT SUBMISSION: Oct. 1, 2021

Subject and Institution’s information 05

Module Policy and expectation 07

General guidelines concerning the module submission 08

Introduction of RADAR 10-11

Thismodule focus on operational use of RADAR / ARPA made for marine

2/M Alpherd G. Aceberos

“ASTARof the FUTURE” Acceleration of Scientific and Technological Advancement

“Strengthen PIMSAT”The institution shall Strengthen its presence in the

The PIMSAT Colleges Inc., is committed to provide QualityTertiary and Technical

Produce globally competitive graduates equipped with theexpertise and professional

1. A graduate of BSMT shall be able to demonstrate theability to perform the

profession in order to remain globally competitive.

The Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation(BSMT) is a four-year undergraduate degree program

MODULE POLICY AND EXPECTATIONS

This module is good for two weeks. It is prohibited to

General Guidelines Concerning the Module Submission

1. You shall follow the deadline for submission ofassignments/projects and

In case of disputes against the above items, you can

Subject matter At the end of this module, the student should

Radar(Radio Detection and Ranging) radar plotting used to be referred to

RADAR / ARPA Terminology:

•RML: Relative Motion line

•NRML: New Relative Motion line.

•SRM: Speed of relative motion (length of r→m)

•DRM: Direction of relative motion (direction of r→m)

Instruction: draw a diagram of marine radar.

Drawing scoring scheme

1. Explain the basic function of each parts ofmarine RADAR

1. What is the effect of refraction?

You will be having first practical exercises upon

1. Describe the main parts of radar

Prepared by:Reviewed by:

Alpherd G. AceberosC/M Ian M. Pelayo

Dr. Alfredo F. Aquino

Operational Use Of RADAR / ARPA

1ST SEM. 2021 -

Target time frame:

Approach: Distance Learning

Alternative Access Strategy: Worksheets, PDF, Power point

Lesson 1 operation and performance of RADAR / ARPA 4

Lesson 2Radar Set –up in accordance with manufacturer’s 7

Laboratory instructions / Reference 10

Subject matter At the end of this module, the student should

LESSON 1 - Operation and performance of RADAR / ARPA

TOPIC 1 – Application of COLREG

The use of RADAR is to avoid collisions or closed encounters

to other vessel. The radar equipment should provide an

Topic 2 – Radar installations

All radar installations should comply with the following

1. Minimum range – the surface objects should be clearly displayed

7. Scan – The scan should be clockwise, continuous and automatic

2. How radar should be a great help to the OOW in order to avoid

Lesson 2 – Radar Set – up in accordance with manufacturer’s

RADAR DISPLAY / GAIN SETTING