UKZN HOWARD COLLEGE, SOA, AFRICAN LANGUAGES

PTG Mkhize (COORDINATOR & ZM Mpungose (Grammar) New Lecturer (Literature)

Language awareness) (mpungosez1@ukzn.ac.za) (TBA)
(Mkhizepr@ukzn.ac.za)

ZULM101 (Introduction to IsiZulu A) Uhlelo (Grammar)

WEEK 04 Lecture (Part 2)
A.Isilandiso (predicate)
*Ngaphansi kwesilandiso sithola isenzo nesibanjalo
(i) Siyini isilandiso?
*Njengoba igama lisho leli yibinzana lamagama elisitshela
kabanzi ngesimo ngesimo sikaSobizo. Isilandiso sivamise
ukuxhumana nenhloko yomusho ngokuthi sisebenzise
izivumelwano (concords). Ugogo uyapheka; abantwana
bayafunda njll
(ii) Izinhlobo zesilandiso
a) Isilandiso esisasenzo (verbal predicate)
b) Isilandiso esisabizo (nominal predicate)
a) Isilandiso esisasenzo (verbal predicate)
*Lolu hlobo lwesilandiso lubandakanya isenzo esilandela noma
esendulela inhloko yomusho (okungaba yibizo noma
yisabizwana). Lesi senzo siveza umnyakazo noma isimo
sikaSobizo. Isivumelwano yisona esixhumanisa isenzo
noSobizo lowo
Isib: Umfundi uyabhala; Imifula iyagcwala, Umfana ubhema
ugwayi; Inkomo idla utshani njll
Is, am, are (-ya-) ubaba uyasebenza (is), obaba bayasebenza
(are), ngiyasebenza (am)
*Kulezi zibonelo kubili okuphawulekayo, (i) Inhloko yomusho
nokuyinto okukhulunywa ngayo kanjalo nesilandiso esilandisa
ngoSobizo/ngokwenziwa ngusobizo.
*Kulolu hlobo lwesilandiso umusho ungaba nomenziwa noma
ungabi nawo umenziwa (Isib: Umalume uyasebenza (akekho
umenziwa), Izingane zifunda isiNgisi (ukhona umenziwa-
IsiNgisi)
b) Isilandiso esisabizo (nominal predicate)
* Lolu hlobo lwesilandiso lubandakanya ibizo elilandela noma
elendulela inhloko yomusho (okungaba yibizo noma
yisabizwana)
Isib: Ugogo unothando, Umalume uyiphoyisa, (mina)
nginesilonda njll.
*Emishweni engenhla izivumelwano (concords) yizona
eziwumgogodla njengoba ziyizinhloko zezilandiso. Kuyenzeka
ukuthi esilandisweni inhloko yomusho ingaveli kodwa imelwe
yisigumelwano (Isib; nginesilonda)

B] Isenzo
(i) Siyini isenzo?
Isenzo “yilelo gama elisetshenziswa ohlelweni limele ‘izimo
zezehlakalo’ noma nje lokho okwenziwa ngumenzi noma
ngumenziwa” (Nkosi & Msomi; 1992:90).
(ii)Izinhlobo zesenzo
a) Ezinhlamvunye (Monosyllabic verbs)
-fa, -dla, -lwa, -za, -pha, njll, Ukufa, ukudla njll Ngidla
inyama
a) Ezinhlamvumbili (Disyllabic verbs)
-thatha, -thwala, - bhala, -khala, -phaka njll
c) Ezinhlamvuntathu (Trisyllabic)
-sebenza, -khuluma, -thokoza, -lalela, njll
d) Ezinhlamvune
-thuthumela, -bekezela, -, -gubuzela, -, -mamatheka njll
Qaphela: Lezi zenzo akusho ukuthi sezithathe isimo
sezimpambosi

(ii) Izakhi ezisebenza nesenzo

(i) Kukhona ezibizwa ngezakhi zohlelo (lezo
aziyinwebi/aziyandisi incazelo yegama kepha zenza
imisho ihleleke kahle)
Isib: Ngiyafunda = ngi-ya-fund-a
Ngifundile = ngi-fund-ile
Ingane iyabona – i-ya-bon-a
Ingane ibonile – i-bon-ile
(ii) Kukhona ezibizwa ngezakhi
zesiqondo/zomqondo (ziqukethe noma zandisa
incazelo yegama)
Isib: Umalume ufundisa eKapa = u-fund-is-a (funda =
fundisa-**incazelo yegama yandisiwe-e.g. funda-study –
fundisa – teach)
Ingane ibonisa umzali ngokwenziwa esikoleni – i-bon-
is-a (-bona – see/look = bonisa – give advice)
(iii) Kukhona ezingena ngaphambi komsuka
(iziphongozo), kanjalo nezingena ngemuva komsuka
(izijobelelo)
Ngokwalesi sifundo sizobheka izakhi eziyisithupha
ezilandelayo:
a) Izakhi zesivumelwano sikamenzi/inhloko (subject
agreement morphemes)
*Lezi zakhi zixhumanisa inhloko yomusho/umenzi
nesilandiso , Umalume ushayela amabhasi
Isibonelo: Umalume usebenza eKapa kanti futhi uhlala
eMitchel’s Plain. Ushayela amabhasi aseGolden Arrow.
b)Izakhi zesivumelwano sikamenziwa (object
agreement morphemes)
*Lezi zakhi zixhumanisa inhloko/umenzi nomenziwa,
imvamisa umenziwa uba semaphethelweni omusho
kodwa futhi kuyenzeka abe sekuqaleni
(i)Ngiyamthanda umntwana ohloniphayo
nongamdeleli umuntu omdala. Lowo ke
ngingamthengela ngisho imoto ngimbonise ukuthi
ngimthanda kangakanani.
c) Isakhi sokuqondisisa (aspectual morpheme)
*Sisebenza ukucacisa ngokusenzeka/okwenzekayo
Isibonelo: (i) Namanje sisavuka ngo-5, (ii)
Ngisakhumbula kancane, (iii) Leli zwe lisasokola
kwezomnotho, (iv) Ngisakhuluma njll.
d) Izakhi ezikhomba inkathi (tense morphemes)
*Lezi zakhi zilawula inkathi yomusho (yamanje, esanda
kudlula, eyadlula, ezofika, eyofika njll)
(i) Ngiyahamba namuhla, (ii) Ngifike kahle, (iii) ngijovile ,
(iv) Abafana bazodlala kusasa, (v) Abangajovanga
bayonqatshelwa ukungena ezitolo njll
e) Izakhi zokuphikisa (negative markers morphemes)
(i) Angithandi ukukhuluma (ii) Angifune kugoma mina
(iii) Abashana abafikanga ekuseni (iv) Udadewethu
akafuni ukugana (v)
f) Izakhi zezimpambosi (derivational morphemes)

Ngiyakukhalela wena ongafuni ukugoma, iCorona

iyabhubhisa futhi ibhebhetheka kalula. Impela
kuyonakala ezweni sakhile yilolu bhubhane. Lukhalisa
ngisho uMengameli uRamaphosa noma ezama
ukuthengathenga imigomo phesheya kunhlanga
zimuka nomoya. Abaholi bayaphikisana mayelana
nohlobo lo mjovo odingekayo kule Delta Variant. Kanti
futhi bayamqaphelisisa umuntu osabalalisa amanga
mayelana nomgomo weCovid-19.

C] ISIBANJALO
*Lolu wucezu olutholakala ngaphansi lwesilandiso. Leli
yigama elilandisayo elakhiwa lisuselwe kwezinye
izingcezu zenkulumo
*Izakhi zesibanjalo zifakwa zendulele (prior) isiqalo
sebizo
(i)Izinhlobo zesibanjalo
a) Izibanjalo ezisuselwa emabizweni
*Ngumama/Wumama opheke ukudla ekuseni,
Yingulube kuphela edla ubhatata, ngogogo abaholayo,
yisifo esisihlanganisile, yifu elidala imvula, yimizi emihle
eyakhiwa eMhlanga njll
Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu
b) Izibanjalo ezisuselwa ezabizwaneni
(i) Esabizwaneni soqobo
*Yimina obhale isiZulu, yinina enifike izolo, yibona
abafunda e-UKZN, yiwona lo muthi njll
(ii) Esabizwaneni sokukhomba
*Yilo muntu engikhuluma naye, yilaba abazohamba,
yileyaya engiyithandayo njll) laba labo labaya
laba labo labaya
(iii) Esabizwaneni sokubala
* Yimi ngedwa, yibo bonke, yizo zodwa, yiyo
yomithathu njll
c) Izibanjalo ezisebenza uma kulandulwa (aku-,
akusi njll)
*Akubantu, akuzinja, Akumatshe, njll
d) Izibanjalo ezisuselwa ezichasisweni
(ii) Ezisulelwa kwisiphawulo
*Omubi – mubi; abahle – bahle; ezimbi -zimbi njll
Mubi umuntu ongalaleli, Bahle abafundi abaphasayo
e) Izibanjalo ezisuselwa ezandisweni
*khona – yikhona
*ekhaya – yisekhaya
*manje – yimanje