Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Practical Research
Practical Research
_________________________________________
A Research
Presented to
_________________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in
PRACTICAL RESEARCH II
By:
Buso, Gilbert
Viernes, Michael
Antonio, Ronald
Centeno, Mcneil
Vegilla, Richard
2019
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Acknowledgement
This research paper was made possible through the help and support from
First and foremost, to our research adviser, Ms. Lavie Claire Tado for her
grammar, organization, and the theme of the paper and for being with us all the time.
Also to our math teacher, Mr. Nolito Crisol, that gave us the golden opportunity to do
doing a lot of research work and we came to know about many things. We are
sincerely expressed our gratitude for their guidance, and awakening our enthusiasm
inspiration for us to finish this research. And also friends especially our classmates
for all thoughtful and mind stimulating discussions we had. The product of this
research paper would not be possible without all of them. The respondents who took
part in this study especially students from Bagong Barrio Senior High School, we
Lastly, thanks to Almighty God for his mercy and guidance in giving us full
strength to complete this research study. Even facing with some difficulties in
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Abstract
This research will ease the scientific conviction that most of overweight or
underweight people are slow, lazy, and inactive; therefore, it would not do well in
relationship between academic achievement and the Body Mass Index (BMI) of
Senior High School students at the Bagong Barrio Senior High School. Researchers
Performance). BMI analysis and GWA analysis were used to collect data.
Researchers have collected responses from 72 Senior High School students. BMI
was calculated from each student’s height and weight recordings. Academic
both categories. Pearson Correlation Coefficient revealed lowly linked; between BMI
and GWA. There is lower association between BMI and academic performance.
Students in the underweight BMI category had significantly GWA scores were higher
than students in the overweight category. Results from such studies could potentially
change the way of school administrators’ view in terms of nutrition and physical
education.
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgement ---------------------------------------------------------------------- II
Page
19
20
Method ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27
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28
45
Recommendations ---------------------------------------------------------------------
45
References-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46-48
Appendices
Consent
Questionnaire
Raw Data
Curriculum Vitae
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Chapter 1
Health was defined as the general condition of the body and mind, the overall
1948, health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not
appearance such as weight, height, and size. Hence, living with physical illness can
result in multiple changes and adjustments in terms of body image and not capable
to do all recreational activities. In addition, there are types of conditions that have
than and less than the normal or expected amount. Underweight considered as
overweight simply defined as above in the normal weight. According to the National
Institute of Health (NIH) a BMI of less than 18.5 means that a person is underweight
Physical fitness and academic accomplishment has given much concentration due
to the increasing condition of young adults who are overweight and unfit, as well as
achievement, in contrast body mass index was inversely related. Having abnormal
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Body Mass Index cannot affect the academic achievement of the students
achievement, hence indicating that aspects of physical fitness maybe broadly related
Alasmari (2017) explained that being overweight and underweight are not related to
the knowledge of young adults at school but only the physical appearance of the
Anderson and Good (2017) hypothesized that body mass index was
increase the amount of oxygen flowing through the brain if the person applies
physical activities, exercises, and eating healthy food could have greater impact in
Students who are having abnormal body mass index could be at higher risk
for school tasks, for this reason there was a probability of school failures compared
the students who are in normal body mass index condition. Maintaining students'
healthy routine may affect their academic performance (Steve et al., 2015). On the
other hand, student who has abnormal body mass index cannot affect their
can manage and survive on school tasks (Jansen et al., 2013). Students' body mass
index has a relationship in school achievement but has failed to statistically explain
it.
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of Body Mass Index (B.M.I.) and academic performance. Researchers covered the
factors affecting students’ Body Mass Index, the factors affecting students’ academic
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is the measure presently in use for defining
(Nuttall, 2015). The Body Mass Index is defined as the weight kilograms divided by
the square of the height meters. It simply defined that it is an index of an individual’s
emphasizing overweight and underweight. Hussein et al., (2018) showed that a total
of 7.7% of the participants in the study were either overweight or obese, while 8.3%
either underweight or severely underweight. It is also used as a risk factor for the
Personal
Gan, Mohd, Zalilah, and Hazizi (2011) addressed the existence of unhealthy
eating habits among learners and insufficient nutrient intake. The study also
concluded that promoting healthy eating habits are needed among young adults
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towards eating habits serve as indicators affecting students’ body mass index. Chin
and Nasir (2009) revealed that meal skipping; especially breakfast, snacks, and
multiple nutritional weight loss behaviors. The study concluded that promotion of
healthy eating was crucial for future health well-being. Neglecting eating pattern can
have bad effects on health. Hence, students’ future health is suffers as indicated by
Family
Celik et al., (2015) discussed that eating attitudes are caused by interfamily
issues, eating history, and family disorders. It interprets that there was an
disordered eating attitudes within a family sector were might be correlating in having
abnormal Body Mass Index. Parental involvements are significantly related towards
eating behaviors of the students. Poor family functioning such as having immigrant
parents and higher levels of parental education serve as the indicators of abnormal
Body Mass Index (Cyril et al., 2016). Factor influence body mass index determine
among families in terms of parental or family income, education, parental mental and
physical health. Persons’ height and weight are links between individual and family-
risk factors. It simplifies that family characteristics are known in the causes of
Parents help shape their children’s eating and physical behaviors. The role of family
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encourage healthy eating habits among adolescents. Parents remain the main
influencer when it comes to nutritional food intake such as fruits and vegetables, and
their attitudes, and good example in their children for achieving a better physical
mass index in adolescence (Gonzalez et al., 2012). It contributes for children and
nutritional food, to enhance their lifestyle, and to decrease in having abnormal Body
Mass Index.
Environmental
convenience stores, vending machines, and fast food outlets has created an
alarming situation for young adults to practice unhealthy eating habits. Fast food
restaurant is not necessarily bad, but in many cases it is highly processed in terms
of food and it often high in calories and no nutritional value. Fast food restaurants
frequently replace nutritious food in your daily lifestyle it can lead to poor nutrition,
poor health condition and bad health outcomes (Bruso n.d). Students tend to make
their own food choices in terms of food cost, and accessibility of fast food chain.
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diet, fast food consumption, convenience store food consumption, and eating
of healthy food choices that may contribute to students’ Body Mass Index. Young
adults’ lack of knowledge about healthy food choices may affect their eating habits
healthy lifestyle, suggesting that environmental factors may be largely linked to Body
Mass Index.
been used as vehicles to channel information that could affect the young people
towards healthier behaviors and decisions (Guine & Fernandes, 2016). The role of
adolescents with the help of administrators for the better health outcomes.
Ecological models have been created in behavioral sciences and public health and
and policies are considers as factors contributing toward health behaviors. The
environmental role might be generates effective response that reduce risks, and
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provide, promote, and encourage healthier lifestyles for students. It also guides the
public health officials, and other administrators that might lessen the risk of abnormal
features. Students show their understanding for periodic grading by taking written
and oral exams, conducting presentations, turning into homework and taking part in
class operations and conversations. Teachers assess and give remarks in the form
the particular grade provided. In addition, the teacher may also provide feedback
and advice on enhancing the writing in a written task. At the state level, students are
each age group (Tollefson, 2018). While education is not the only way to
achievement in the working globe, a great deal of effort is being made to define,
assess, monitor and promote the advancement of school learners (Osborn, 2018).
However, there are many factors that can affect the students’ academic performance
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Personal
factors that can affect the students’ academic performance. Students are between
12 and 18 years of age in secondary schools. They have the ability to distinguish
favorable emotions about their college experiences, they have the characteristics of
discipline, diligence and resourcefulness, and they are keen readers and tend to
terms of their classrooms, educators and academic topics is essential for learners.
With a favorable approach, they can devote themselves to studying and produce the
Kudari (2016) discussed that time management can affect the student’s
Research has shown that the ordinary schedule of high school learners consists of
school hours, after which they have to spend some time completing homework
tasks. They also engage in certain types of extra-curricular activities and sports.
Playing and engaging in creative operations not only helps them to focus better, but
they can also boost their mind-sets. Younes (2015) stressed that it is essential for
develop appropriate time management abilities for this purpose. A balance between
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all the duties and activities is crucial for the learners. More significant activities
should be provided more time and less time can be spent on less significant
operations.
Srinivas and Venrakrishan (2016) accentuated that one of the factors that can
affect the academic performance of students are the motivating and encouraging
students especially to their academic learning. When learners experience issues and
difficulties, they need to get help from others. If learners are unable to attain the
required grades, then educators and parents need to provide assistance and
assistance instead of getting upset with them. Ventakrishnan (2016) assisted that
students should be motivated and encouraged to do well in the future. They need to
recognize and assist their faults. When learners find it hard to learn certain fields,
educators should repeat the ideas; provide them with classroom and homework
Family
should be pleasant and friendly within one's home. The existence of friendly
environment would provide learners with space to focus on their research. They
create peace of mind and are able to concentrate appropriately on their learning.
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of the significant elements used to improve their children's academic learning. When
parents have different professions, they can have a bigger contribution to their child
in enhancing their academic literacy. Parents also send their child to well-known
schools and provide resources to achieve specific academic standard. On the other
side, when parents have low literacy rates or are not trained, they also promote their
kids to acquire schooling in the current life. This implies that the number of years as
whether or not parents are able to read and write, understand text and use it in
Azumah (2017) believed that having large family size is a negative factor that
can affect to the students’ academic performance. A large family size is simply
defines when parents have more than two children within the family. When there are
three or more kids within the family, parents generally find it hard to satisfy all their
needs and resources, particularly when the family belongs to economically weaker
segments of society. When parents work or work in full-time employment, they also
have issues finding time to interact with their kids or meeting their needs and needs.
More kids involve higher expenses. The main reality is that children's upbringing
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academic achievement is adversely affected by the large family size. With more kids
In addition, having large family size can leads to lacking of resources when it
comes to education (Kapur, 2018). The absence of funds, civic facilities and
education. It is essential for learners to provide appropriate nutrition and diet so that
they can focus wholeheartedly on their research. Civic facilities such as clean
materials are keys to improve learning. The absence of funds and civic facilities may
achieving the required results. On the other side, if the students' determination is
powerful, they can even gain knowledge of ideas while studying in the light of
School
professional in their behavior (Maggiaoli, n.d). The teachers ' primary goal is to
improve their teaching abilities within their subject fields in such a way as to improve
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they are revered not only by the principal, employees and other educators, but also
by the learners and are happy to learn from them. In schools, there were instances
when professors became upset and furious. This is usually because homework
should calmly clarify the implications to the learners and avoid any hostile conduct
(Mashaba, 2015).
specific idea or lesson plan, they generally do not know that all learners have
understood the ideas or not. For this purpose, adequate assessment systems must
be placed into practice. The students' performance and teaching skills are evaluated
through the organization of contests, exams and classroom and homework tasks.
(Kifer, 2011). All students should be considered equally and not discriminate
between them based on factors such as gender, religion, ethnicity, caste, creed,
Philippines (2018) 83.00 to 85.99 grades are considered "high average learners and
82.99 down to 80.00 are average students. When learners score well, they come to
understand that educators and students have understood the ideas. On the other
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side, this shows that they lack knowledge when they do not perform well (Stiggins,
In addition, laboratory facilities are also one of the school factors affecting
(Lee & Welner, 2009). The laboratory is considered a room or a building, built
used mainly in connection with science topics. The educators provide practical proof
of the idea within the laboratory. Students tend to remember more than they hear
what they observe. It can be defined as a location of practical theoretical job (Batis,
and Marti, 2016) Practical work in academic concept learning includes learners in
researching, testing, analyzing and fieldwork. The science topics require not only the
use of procedures and experiments, but also the fundamental abilities and scientific
techniques of problem solving are provided to the learners. The science topics
require not only the use of procedures and experiments, but also the fundamental
abilities and scientific techniques of problem solving are provided to the learners.
The knowledge obtained through laboratory job also remains for a long time in the
mindsets of people. The science subjects involve not only the use of processes and
experiments, but the learners are also supplied with the basic skills and scientific
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methods for problem solving. The knowledge acquired through laboratory work also
National Center for Health Statistics (2015) asserted that underweight can be
a sign of malnutrition, and may result from poverty and absence of availability to
calories consumed and calories exerted. In addition, the Centers for Disease and
Prevention (CDC) recommended that individuals use a body mass index to calculate
Pearl and Puhl (2018) presented that weight bias describes negative attitudes
towards those who are considered to have excess body weight. Excessive weight is
measure physical health. Puhl and Suh (2015) described in the literature focusing on
Mass Index which includes overweight, and underweight are having difficulties in
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weight gain danger. The mere fact is that young adults with an inappropriate body
image may influence their social well-being. However, Body Mass Index can be the
Academically
Being obese and/or overweight has bad effects of the academic achievement
in class (Burkhalter, & Hiilman, 2011; Yates et al.). Obesity and/or overweight mainly
performance may lead mainly from how educational organizations interact with
bodies of distinct proportions. In addition, the Body Mass Index as a variable could
be correlates in involving healthy whole body that would lead to influence learners.
Tobin (2013) hypothesized that learners who consume more than average quantity
of food and students who are overweight have reduced results in mathematics and
reading compared to their peers of normal weight. Borse et al., (2013) hypothesized
that the mean of overweight is 302.65 and underweight mean is 335.38 specifically
underweight students. It simply that adolescents who are overweight has a negative
performance of overweight children in basic working memory tests was poorer than
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of cognitive processes that can shape different cognitive and behavioral outcomes
performance. Working memory is one of the most important skills that appears
academic achievement. Underweight children may have health problems that affect
both their weight and academic ability. Weight loss represents body fat reduction
and this would be demonstrates the harmful health condition. According to BMC
biological issue that causes the child's inability to develop learning capacity. The
school performance (Bowen, 2012). Weight loss reflects a decrease in body fat and
not correlated with lower test results (Kaester & Grossman, 2009), it appears to
cause a lower grade point average (Ding et al., 2009). The association between
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variables (Finn et al., (2018). Being overweight or obese persons are not
hypothesized a low negative correlation between Body Mass Index and academic
achievement using Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r= -.111). Santana et al., (2017)
presented that there is insufficient evidence to support a direct link between obesity
Theoretical Framework
Meta-Analysis of BMI and Academic Performance by He, Chen, Fan, Cai, and
Huang (2019)
Meta-Analysis of BMI and Academic Performance by He, Chen, Fan, Cai, and
Huang (2019) states that BMI is weakly, and negatively associated with academic
relationship of BMI and Academic performance for the previous years for example,
This research will explore the reality and reliability of result above, especially
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Conceptual Framework
Analyzing the
2. General Average relationship between BMI Enhancement
BMI and Academic program
performance
The original procedures engaged in this research would include the following:
First, researchers will get the demographic profile of grade 12 students consisted of
Body Mass Index (BMI) and weighted General weighted average (GWA). This study
will link or associate variables Body Mass Index and academic performance.
relationship of BMI, and academics also BMI enhancement program (likely to form
feeding program.
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General Problem:
This research study aims to establish the relationship between Body Mass
Specific Problems:
1.1 BMI
1.2 Average
2. Is there any relationship between body mass index and academic performance?
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The focused of this study was to determine the relationship between Body
Mass Index (BMI) and academic performance of the Senior High School students.
This study was conducted at Bagong Barrio Senior High School. The research was
looked into the factors that affect academic performance and the role of Body Mass
Index in it. The study would be done through the utilization of questionnaires.
This research study aimed to understand the relationship between Body Mass
Index (BMI) and academic performance of selected Senior High School students. By
their responses, the researchers were able to know the relationship between Body
Mass Index (BMI) and academic performance of the Senior High School students.
demographic profile of the students as to their Body Mass Index (BMI) and average
grade, if there is a relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and academic
performance of the students, and what are the factors, why students are below and
Ho: There is no relationship between Body Mass Index and academic performance
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Researchers established that Body Mass Index may have an effect towards
Mass Index and academic performance as variables that may relate to each other.
This study was helped to determine if the Body Mass Index has any correlation with
academic performance. Identifying causations of having low and above the normal
Body Mass Index was the first step in understanding if their academic performance
variables might also add to the discussion on how to address student’s Body Mass
Index and academic performance. The study was benefited the following:
Students. The results were provided the students with some knowledge
about Body Mass Index that correlated to academic performance. It was gave the
student's realization that being overweight and underweight cannot affect their
academic performance. At the end of this study students would finally know why
Teachers. The given data was guided the teachers on what to do with the
students having below and above the normal average Body Mass Index. They would
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be able to understand on why some students cannot have normal Body Mass Index
in this research to lessen the number of students being underweight and overweight
including feeding programs and recreational activities so that it can improve and
Definition of Terms
2019)
Webster, 2019)
Webster, 2019)
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Body Mass Index.Measurement of body fats that is the ratio of the weight
Demographic. Study of a population based the status such as age, race, and
Infirmity.
Obesity.
2018)
Overweight.
2018)
Social.
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Stereo types.
2019)
Stigma.
Underweight.
1596)
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CHAPTER II
METHOD
This chapter discussed the research design of the target population and the
study sample which included the process of establishing and analyzing the
relationship between the Body Mass Index and the academic performance of
selected Senior High School students in Bagong Barrio Senior High School. In
the study, sampling technique, statistical treatment of data are provided and
explained.
Research Locale
The study will be conducted in Bagong Barrio Senior High School located at
History of BBSHS
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Bagong Barrio Senior High School is a newly established school. It's now in
the 8th year of service since it started in the 2011-2012 school year. Bagong Barrio
Senior High School hopes to be one of the city's largest institutions in the field of
educational management.
Research Design
relationship between Body Mass Index and academic performance among Senior
mathematical strategies.
Mass Index and academic performance of Senior High School students using
Research Instrument
The researchers’ purpose is to determine the relationship between Body Mass Index
and academic performance. Body Mass Index is the chosen quantitative value for
health status and General Weighted Average (GWA) for academic performance.
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grade 11 and 12 Senior High School students from school year 2019-2020, and we
ICT 22 38
COOKERY 26 26
GAS 22 24
Sampling Technique
subjective sampling wherein the samples are chosen by the researchers for a
special purpose.
In selecting sample, the researchers computed for sample size with the given
Formula as
n= N
1 + Ne²
Where in, (N) is the total population and (n) is the sample.
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Statistical treatment was used to interpret the information once the survey
The following was the most acceptable numerical procedure used to analyze
instrument to test the relationship between two variables. It has been used to
evaluate the relationship of two variable (Body Mass Index and the average grade of
Senior High School students in the first quarter of the first semester) the equation
will be as follows:
Where:
∑x = sum of x scores
∑y = sum of y scores
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weight associated with a particular outcome with its associated quantitative outcome
and then summing all the products together. It was useful when calculating a
x̄w=∑fx
n
Where:
f = frequency
x (100) = p
n
Where:
x = given quantity
n = total amount
p = percentage of the quantity compared to the total
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CHAPTER 3
22%
Underweight
Overweight
78%
Figure 1 revealed that 16 (22%) were overweight and/or obese, and 56 (78%) were
underweight. Hussein et al., (2018) showed that a total of 7.7% of the participants in
the study were either overweight or obese, while 8.3% either underweight or
severely underweight.
90
80
70
60
50
40
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20
10
0
Underweight and Overweight Students
Bagong Barrio Senior High School
According to the Grading System in the Philippines (2018) 83.00 to 85.99 grades are
considered “high average” learners and 82.99 down to 80.00 are only “average”
students.
Underweight Overweight
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Figure 3 showed that the academic performance of underweight
Table 1.
Relationship between Body Mass Index and academic performance
Respondent Body Mass Academic
s Index Performance
X y xy x² y²
1 16.14 87 1404.18 260.4996 7,569
2 16.88 93 1569.84 284.9344 8,649
3 16.77 90 1509.3 281.2329 8100
4 17.44 87 1517.28 304.1536 7569
5 16.23 89 1444.47 263.4129 7921
6 17.31 92 1592.52 299.6361 8464
7 17.31 90 1557.9 299.6361 8100
8 16.44 90 1479.6 270.2736 8100
9 16.53 85 1405.05 273.2409 7225
10 17.57 86 1511.02 308.7049 7396
11 17.26 80 1380.8 297.9076 6400
12 16.97 83 1408.51 287.9809 6889
13 15.98 83 1326.34 255.3604 6889
14 16.41 82 1345.62 269.2881 6724
15 15.97 85 1357.45 255.0409 7225
16 17.51 87 1523.37 306.6001 7569
17 16.94 81 1372.14 286.9636 6561
18 16.69 82 1368.58 278.5561 6724
19 16.88 83 1401.04 284.9344 6889
20 17.14 78 1336.92 293.7796 6084
21 16.42 83 1362.86 269.6164 6889
22 17.85 80 1428 318.6225 6400
23 17.78 83 1475.74 316.1284 6889
24 16.42 83 1362.86 269.6164 6889
25 13.79 79 1089.41 190.1641 6441
26 16.66 85 1416.1 277.5556 7225
27 17.15 90 1543.5 306.25 8100
28 17.94 78 1399.32 321.8436 6084
29 17.31 79 1367.49 299.6361 6441
30 16.85 82 1381.7 283.9225 6724
31 17.71 86 1523.06 313.6441 7396
32 16.29 82 1335.78 265.3641 6724
33 15.6 79 1232.4 243.36 6441
34 16.44 83 1364.52 270.2736 6889
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72 ( 114,717.02) −(1,380.81)(5,987)
r = -0.046
Since the computed value (-0.046) is less than the critical value (0.225) at
0.05 level of significance, there is a low negative correlation between the Body Mass
Index and the academic performance of Senior High School students. He et al.,
(2019) hypothesizes a low negative correlation between Body Mass Index and
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Table 2.
Relationship between underweight and academic performance
Respondent Body Mass Academic
s Index Performance
x y xy x² y²
1 16.14 87 1404.18 260.4996 7,569
2 16.88 93 1569.84 284.9344 8,649
3 16.77 90 1509.3 281.2329 8100
4 17.44 87 1517.28 304.1536 7569
5 16.23 89 1444.47 263.4129 7921
6 17.31 92 1592.52 299.6361 8464
7 17.31 90 1557.9 299.6361 8100
8 16.44 90 1479.6 270.2736 8100
9 16.53 85 1405.05 273.2409 7225
10 17.57 86 1511.02 308.7049 7396
11 17.26 80 1380.8 297.9076 6400
12 16.97 83 1408.51 287.9809 6889
13 15.98 83 1326.34 255.3604 6889
14 16.41 82 1345.62 269.2881 6724
15 15.97 85 1357.45 255.0409 7225
16 17.51 87 1523.37 306.6001 7569
17 16.94 81 1372.14 286.9636 6561
18 16.69 82 1368.58 278.5561 6724
19 16.88 83 1401.04 284.9344 6889
20 17.14 78 1336.92 293.7796 6084
21 16.42 83 1362.86 269.6164 6889
22 17.85 80 1428 318.6225 6400
23 17.78 83 1475.74 316.1284 6889
24 16.42 83 1362.86 269.6164 6889
25 13.79 79 1089.41 190.1641 6441
26 16.66 85 1416.1 277.5556 7225
27 17.15 90 1543.5 306.25 8100
28 17.94 78 1399.32 321.8436 6084
29 17.31 79 1367.49 299.6361 6441
30 16.85 82 1381.7 283.9225 6724
31 17.71 86 1523.06 313.6441 7396
32 16.29 82 1335.78 265.3641 6724
33 15.6 79 1232.4 243.36 6441
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√ ❑¿
r = 0.045
Since the computed value (0.045) is less than the critical value (0.225) with a
students and the academic performance. Hollar et al., (2010) presented children
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Table 3.
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√❑ [ 16 (12,988.7502 ) −( 451.56)2 ] ¿
r = -0.370
Since the computed value (-0.370) is greater than the critical value (0.225) at
0.05 level of significance, there is a moderately low negative correlation between the
overweight students and the academic performance. Finn et al., (2018) reported that
support a direct link between obesity and poor academic performance in school
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CHAPTER 4
conclusions, and the recommendations made to, as a result of this study, which
deals with the Body Mass Index and the academic performance of Senior High
School Students.
Summary of Findings
BMI Analysis showed that 22% was overweight or obese, and 78% was
underweight.
1.2 Average
GWA Analysis showed that 83.15% was the General Weighted Average of
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Conclusions
Based on the summary of findings, the following conclusions are drawn on the
average learner.
2. Researchers concluded that the Body Mass Index was no linked to academic
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Recommendations
should improve their healthy eating habits and sufficient nutrient intake
Mass Index.
should improve their teaching abilities within their subject fields in such a
42 | P a g e
Bagong Barrio Senior High School
overweight students.
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