Media: A term used to refer to various channels of communication that are used to convey information,

news, entertainment, and other content to a large audience. Examples of media include newspapers,
television, radio, and the internet.

Technology: The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.
Technology refers to tools, machinery, equipment, and other inventions that are used to create, store,
process, and exchange information.

Traditional Media: Refers to media channels that have been around for a long time and have
established formats and distribution models. Examples of traditional media include print media
(newspapers, magazines), broadcast media (television, radio), and cinema.

Mass Communication: The process of sending a message to a large, diverse audience through a
communication channel or medium. Examples of mass communication include television news
broadcasts, advertisements, and social media posts.

Data: Raw, unorganized facts and figures that are collected through observation or experimentation.

Information: Data that has been processed, organized, and given meaning through interpretation,
analysis, or synthesis.

Media Literacy: The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in various forms. Media
literacy involves understanding how media messages are constructed, how they influence people’s
attitudes and behaviors, and how to use media effectively and responsibly.

Technology Literacy: The ability to use technology effectively and understand how it works. Technology
literacy involves skills and knowledge related to computers, software, the internet, and other digital
tools.

Information Literacy: The ability to locate, evaluate, and use information effectively and responsibly.
Information literacy involves skills and knowledge related to finding and evaluating sources, citing
information, and using information ethically.

Media and Information Literacy: A combination of media literacy and information literacy that focuses
on the skills and knowledge needed to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media and information in
various forms.

Evolution of media: The historical development of various forms of media, from early forms of
communication such as cave paintings and oral traditions to modern digital technologies such as social
media and virtual reality.

🌿 Pre-Industrial or Prehistoric Age (1500 BC – 1500 AD)

- This era of media evolution refers to the period before the invention of the printing press and other
industrial technologies.

- Examples of media during this era include cave paintings, papyrus scrolls, and illuminated manuscripts.
- Some key inventions during this era include the development of writing systems, the creation of paper
and parchment, and the invention of printing techniques like woodblock printing.

🌿 Industrial Age (1700s – 1930s)

- The Industrial Age marked a period of significant technological advancement and mass production.

- Examples of media during this era include newspapers, books, and magazines, all of which were made
possible by the printing press.

- Key inventions during this era include the telegraph, which enabled long-distance communication, and
photography, which revolutionized visual media.

🌿 Electronic Age (1930s-1980s)

- The Electronic Age refers to a period of rapid technological advancement in the field of electronics and
telecommunications.

- Examples of media during this era include radio and television broadcasting, as well as magnetic tape
recording.

- Key inventions during this era include the transistor radio, which made portable music players possible,
and the fax machine, which revolutionized document transmission.

🌿 Information Age (1900s-2000s)

- The Information Age marks a period of rapid technological change driven by the development of digital
technologies.

- Examples of media during this era include the internet, social media, and mobile devices.

- Key inventions during this era include the personal computer, which revolutionized how we work and
communicate, and the smartphone, which has transformed how we consume and share media.

Types of Media: There are various types of media, including print media (newspapers, magazines),
broadcast media (television, radio), cinema, digital media (websites, social media), and outdoor media
(billboards, signs).

🌿Broadcast Media:

- Broadcast media refers to forms of media that are transmitted electronically via radio waves or
television signals to a large audience.

- Examples of broadcast media include traditional television and radio broadcasting, as well as satellite
radio and television, podcasting, and live streaming.

🌿Print Media:

- Print media refers to forms of media that are printed on paper or other tangible materials and
distributed to a large audience.
- Examples of print media include newspapers, magazines, books, pamphlets, and posters.

🌿Internet/New Media:

- Internet/New media refers to forms of media that are created or distributed using digital technologies,
such as the internet, social media, and mobile devices.

- Examples of internet/new media include websites, blogs, podcasts, streaming services like Netflix and
Hulu, and social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

🌿Video Games:

- Video games are a form of interactive media that allow users to play and control a virtual environment
or narrative.

- Examples of video games include console games like Mario Kart, mobile games like Candy Crush, and
PC games like World of Warcraft.

🌿Movies/Films:

- Movies or films are a form of visual media that tell a story through a series of moving images and
sound.

- Examples of movies or films include feature-length Hollywood films, independent films,

documentaries, and animated films.

Types of Library: There are different types of libraries, including academic libraries, public libraries,
special libraries (e.g. law libraries, medical libraries), and national libraries

🌿Academic Library: A library affiliated with a higher education institution, serving students, faculty,
and staff, with a collection focused on specific academic disciplines.

🌿Public Library: A library open to the general public, providing free access to a wide range of
materials and services, including community programs.

🌿School Library: A library located within a school or educational institution, serving students and
staff, with a collection focused on educational materials and resources.

🌿Specialized Library: A library with a collection focused on a particular subject or field, such as law,
medicine, or art, and serving a specific community of users with specialized needs.

Types of Information: There are different types of information, including factual information (e.g.
statistics, scientific data), opinionated information (e.g. editorials, reviews), and creative information
(e.g. literature, music).

🌿Factual Information:

- Factual information is information that is based on verifiable, objective evidence or data.

- Factual information presents the facts as they are, without any personal opinions, biases, or
interpretations.

- Examples of factual information include statistics, historical events, scientific research, and government
reports.

🌿Opinionated Information:

- Opinionated information is information that is based on personal opinions, beliefs, and values.

- Opinionated information is subjective and reflects the author’s views and perspectives on a topic.

- Examples of opinionated information include editorials, reviews, and personal blog posts.

🌿Creative Information:

- Creative information is information that is generated through the creative process, such as literature,
art, music, and film.

- Creative information often expresses emotions, experiences, and ideas through imaginative and artistic
means.

- Examples of creative information include novels, poems, paintings, songs, and movies.

Codes and Conventions: The accepted standards and practices in various forms of media and
communication. These codes and conventions include visual and textual elements, as well as rules
related to structure, genre, and format.

Technical Codes: The specific technical aspects of media production, such as camera angles, lighting,
sound effects, and editing techniques.

Symbolic Codes: The use of symbols, images, and metaphors to convey meaning in media.

Written Codes: The use of language and text to convey meaning in media, including the use of rhetorical
devices such as irony, hyperbole, and metaphor.

Media Convergence: The integration of different forms of media (such as television, internet, and
mobile devices) into a single platform or device.

Digital Divide: The gap between those who have access to digital technologies and those who do not,
particularly in terms of internet access and digital literacy.

Graphical technique for visualizing connections: A graphical technique used to represent and visualize
the connections or relationships between different entities or concepts. Examples of these techniques
include mind maps, concept maps, and network diagrams.

Indigenous Media: Media produced by and for indigenous communities, often featuring content that
reflects their cultural values, traditions, and perspectives. Indigenous media may include radio,
television, film, and print media.
Cyber Bullying: The use of electronic communication to intimidate, harass, or threaten someone, often
through social media platforms, email, or text messages.

Haptic Technology: Technology that simulates the sense of touch, allowing users to interact with virtual
environments or objects through tactile feedback. Examples of haptic technology include force feedback
in video game controllers and touchscreens.

Plagiarism: The act of using someone else’s work or ideas without proper attribution or permission,
presenting them as one’s own. Plagiarism is considered a form of academic or intellectual dishonesty
and can result in serious consequences, such as loss of reputation, legal action, or expulsion.

Elements of Visual Information and Media: The fundamental components of visual communication,
including color, line, shape, texture, form, balance, contrast, and composition. These elements are used
to convey meaning and create visual impact in various forms of media, such as art, graphic design, and
advertising.