RATIONALE

Agriculture is the practice of cultivating natural resources to sustain human life and
provide economic gain. It combines the creativity, imagination, and skill involved in
planting crops and raising animals with modern production methods and new
technologies. Agriculture is also a business that provides the global economy with
commodities: basic goods used in commerce, such as grain, livestock, dairy, fiber,
and raw materials for fuel. When people think of agriculture, they often envision crop
farming: soil and land preparation and sowing, fertilizing, irrigating, and harvesting
different types of plants and vegetation. However, agriculture also provides
opportunities for economic equity and helps people prosper around the world.

Kuhol is considered as one of the notorious pests in ricefields. It consumes

young seedlings, even devouring a whole paddy overnight. In every square meter, a
small kubel measuring 2-3cm can reduce the number of tillers by up to 19% at 30
days after crop establishment. Kuhol eat young and emerging rice plants. They cut
the rice stem at the base, destroying the whole plant. https://www.philrice.gov.ph As
with any invasive species, Kuhol will overpopulate and steal resources away from
native species, disrupting natural ecological processes. Kuhol eats young and
emerging rice plants. They cut the rice stem at the base, destroying the whole plant.
They consume large quantities of plant material, damaging important habitat for
native fish and wildlife.

This inherent toxicity requires careful regulation to insure the safety of the
public, the food supply, and the environment. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) is the primary entity charged with regulation of pesticides,
although it works in conjunction with state agencies. The Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) establishes the general system of federal
pesticide regulation, and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)
establishes the system to govern pesticides in food and feed. As with any invasive
species, Kuhol will overpopulate and steal resources away from native species,
disrupting natural ecological processes. Kuhol eats young and emerging rice plants.
They cut the rice stem at the base, destroying the whole plant. They consume large
quantities of plant material, damaging important habitat for native fish and wildlife.

The Kuhol reportedly originated in the Amazon River basin in South America.
From Argentina and Brazil, it became established in Florida, USA and from there, it
was extensively propagated and exported to other States and to Europe and Asia.
Over half (1.2 to 1.6 million hectares) of rice fields in the Philippines are infested with
the golden apple snail. The damage and economic loss have been devastating.
Snails consume the base of rice seedlings and feed on new transplants. The costs of
controlling the snail, replanting, and rice yield loss all account for economic loss.
Beyond these costs are the costs associated with damaging the ecosystem. Snails
destroy plants and affect the food web. They may easily out-compete native species.
They have helped in the decline of native Pila apple snails in south-east Asia.
Climatic modeling has shown that they have potential to spread to yet-uninfested
parts of the world, including India and Australia, which would suffer hugely.

Kuhol were purposely stocked in new waters, released from ponds or

escaped from the rearing facilities of aquaculturists and aquarium hobbyists. In
rivers, streams, and irrigation systems, the golden snail turned into a dreadful pest.
In 1986, farmers in northwestern Luzon, Philippines, were the first to express alarm
over the invasion by the golden snail in ricefields with newly transplanted rice plants.
Because Kuhol is a big problem to people and the environment, it would be benificial
if a study is conducted on how to create an alternative way to prevent the
spread/increase of kuhol and it's destruction in the ricefield. They damage direct wet-
seeded rice and transplanted rice up to 30 days old. Once the rice plant reaches 30-
40 days, it will become thick enough to resist the snail.

There are a lot of solutions to stop the spread of it. But can also stop the
spread of it by making a pesticides out of organic plants like Tuba- Tuba and Pea
nut. By these mixed pesticides, it can prevent the increasing of the pests called
Kuhol and also can syncope and lessen the amount of it. Jatropha curcas L.
commonly known as Tuba-tuba is one of the poisonous plant species in the
Philippines. It contains phytotoxins that are said to be dangerous when ingested.
Thus, the researchers came up with this idea of using this toxic property of this plant
in preparing pesticides against common domestic pests. We can make a alternative
pesticide out of it. Thus, this research aims to provide an alternative source of
pesticides which is using Tuba-tuba fruits, seeds, and stems which are organic and
less expensive. Jatropha curcas L. that is Tuba-tuba contains phytotoxin that may
help in rapid control of the accelerating pests’ like Kuhol population in the
community. So with the mix of this poisonous plant, we can lessen the amount of
pests like Kuhol. These can also help farmers and the community to protect all the
ricefields. It can syncope and prevent the rapid increases of it.

SOP

This study focuses on the efficacy of using Tuba Tuba (Jathropha Gissypiifoila Linn)

and Peanut (Archys Hypogaea) as an alternative source of pesticide against Kuhol.

Specifically, this sought to answer the following questions:

 1. What would be the affects of Jathropha curcas pesticide on the Kuhols?

2. How severe is Tuba Tuba and peanut mixture as an organic pesticide in

terms of:
a. Time it takes to kill Kuhol
b. Number of Kuhol affected
c. Controlling Kuhol
3. What is the best ratio of the quantities compare to the most effective to
Kuhol?

Hypothesis:
Ho: Tuba Tuba and peanut is not an effective organic pesticide against Kuhol.
Hi: Tuba Tuba and peanut is an effective organic pesticide against Kuhol.

Significance of the Study.

This study will provide new perception into the benefits of using Tuba
Tuba and peanut as a organic pesticide in lessening Kuhol. Through this
research the community will further realise promoting the use of organic
plants, especially Tuba Tuba and peanut as a organic pesticide against Kuhol.

Society. This study will help the society to make rice cheaper due to the use
of these two mixtures. The price of rice will be cheaper because the harvest of
farmers will increase due to the reduction of the population of snails that are
responsible for destroying rice crops. This is also the reason for the increase
in the price of rice because the rice crops are decreasing due to the snails
eating the rice plants.

Farmers. This study will be a great help especially rice farmers. This will
control the various pests, disease carriers such as Kuhol. This study will also
give a positive effect to the plant. While growing, the Kuhol will not be able to
 eat the plant due to the mixture used in it wich is Jathropha and Peanut. It will
also make the rice plant healthy while it’s growing and it can be the cause of
good rice harvest.

Other Researchers. This study will add to the body of knowledge that
other researchers can use as a reference material to determine where there
are gaps in the literature for future studies on relevant topics.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to determine the efficacy of Tuba Tuba (Jathropha Gissypiifoila
Linn) and Peanut mixture as an organic pesticide against Kuhol. The variables to be
tested are the effectiveness, controlling and time it takes to kill Kuhol.
The samples will be subjected to the test of Jathropha and Peanut mixture since
this two mixtures will be the pesticide against Kuhol. The viability of the two mixtures
will be determined based only on these tests. However, this pesticide will not be
covered in this study due to lack of equipment. Other types of organic plants are not
included in the study as it only focuses in two mixtures. The extraction of the
mixtures, preparations, and experimentation are to be conducted at one of the
researchers household specifically at Barangay Buliasnin, Boac, Marinduque.