English Reviewer – 3rd Quarter

Stance – The attitude that the writer has towards the topic of his or her message. It is a manner and
position in which a person stands.

5 CATEGORIES of Oral Language, Stance and Behavior :

1. Facial Expressions

2. Eye Contact

3. Postures

4. Gestures

5. Position and Movement

Oral language – Is one of the most important skills that students can master-both for social and
academic success.

Types of Communication

1. Verbal communication – utilizes the spoken word, either face-to-face or remotely.

2. Nonverbal communication – provide some insight into a speaker’s word choice. These things often
communicated through facial expressions, hand gestures, posture and even appearance.

3. Visual communication – include signs, maps or drawings as well as color or graphic design.

4. Written communication – is writing, typing or printing symbols like numbers to convey information.

Appropriate Behavior – refers to how you act and deliver a text through different facial expressions
such as happy, sad, angry, surprise and afraid and body language.

Characteristics of Good Speakers

1. They have good eye contact with the audience.

2. They pause before and after important ideas.

3. They have good posture.

4. They are confident, relaxed and energetic.

5. They have a conversational tone.

6. They have speech organization.

7. They have a main idea like good points.

Recount – is a narration of what happened in the PAST. It is a written or spoken narration of an event
that happened in the past.

Factual Recounts – Used to record details and facts of a particular event which the speaker or writer has
NOT necessarily been involved in.

Personal Recounts – These describe events that the speaker/writer was PERSONALLY INVOLVED IN.

Belief – The statement is true or that something exists. It is shaped by the individual’s background
experiences and is based on one’s cultural or personal faith, morality or values.

Conviction – is a firm belief on something that an individual is convinced of.

General Statement – Sentence that defines or declares some large and overarching truth. It is usally the
TOPIC SENTENCE OR THE MAIN IDEA OF THE PARAGRAPH.

Specific Statements - can be used to expand upon general statements and modify broad sentences.

Evidence – something that gives proof or leads to a conclusion.

Public Forum – refer to a situation in which people can talk about a problem or matter concerning public
interest.

Panel Discussion – involves a group of experts and thought leaders to discuss a topic or brainstorm
solutions to public concern in front of an audience.

Ways on how to contruct great questions

1. Always begin with the basic question. “What is…?”

2. Know the reasons a certain topic has to be discussed by asking “Why…?”

3. Intensity your question by raising a thought-requiring one. You may phrase it by asking “How?” or
“What if…?”

4. Remember always to end your time giving POSITIVE feedback.

A Panel discussion in the classroom is a technique used to teach students to work as a group.
TLE Reviewer – 3rd Quarter

Technical drawing – is the act and discipline of composing drawing that visually communicate how
something functions or is to be constructed. It is essential for communicating ideas in industry and
engineering.

Equipment – These are the parts, components, ingredients and raw materials that become a part of the
output. Equipment are the tools, machinery, devices that help create the output.

Drafting Equipment, Materials and Tools

1. Drawing Paper – This type does not groove easily when pressure is applied to the pencil.

2. Pencil – One of the most important tools in drawing.

3. Mechanical Pencil – This is the thin replaceable graphics-based care or lead which is available in all
grades can also be used.

4. Pencil Sharpener – Used for keeping the pencil lead sharp and pointed.

5. Draftsman’s Dusting Brush – Used to avoid smudging the drawing and to remove eraser crumbs.

6. Masking Tape – Preferred material for fastening paper onto the drawing board or drawing table.

7. Eraser – Used to clean the dirt off the drawing.

8. Erasing Shield – Used to protect the rest of the drawing when clearing up smudges.

9. Ruler – Used for measuring and for making straight lines.

10.Protracter – Used to determine gradations of the degrees when measuring arcs, angles, and circles.

11. Drawing Board – Serves as a working area for the draftsman.

12. T-Square – Used for guiding triangles when drawing vertical lines

a. fixed head – The head is fastened to the blade.

b. movable head or adjustable head – It has one fixed and one adjustable head and used only for
occasional drawing.

c. detachable/ removable head – It is designed for comfort when carrying the T-square

13. Triangles – Used to draw vertical and oblique lines.

14. Compass – Used in a similar way to divider.

15. Irregular curve or French curve – Used to draw curves other than circles of circular arcs.

16. Triangular Scales – Used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or reduced form to some
regular proportion.

Drawing – Is composed of different line or lines that form different images where you can clearly see the
object it forms.
Alphabet of Lines

Visible line – Thick line that represents the visible edges or the outline of the object.

Hidden line – Used to represent surfaces that cannot be seen.

Section line – Line that shows the surface that has been cut.

Center line – Used to show the center of the holes and other symmetrical objects.

Dimension line – Used to indicate measurements of an object.

Short break line – Used to show a detail that a part of the object has been cut off.

Long break line – Used to limit the length of an elongated object.

Leader line – Shows the graphical representation of an object.

Cutting plane line – Used for indicating imaginary cut of an object along the line.

Phantom line – Used to show the alternate position of the moving parts located in the object.

Floor Plan – It is a scale diagram of the arrangement of rooms in one story of a building.

Measuring Tools – It is used to measure lines, circular, diameters and other drawing requirements.

Basic Measuring Tools

1. Ruler – Used to measure both English and metric system of measurement. It is the commonly used
measuring tool.

2. Triangular Scale – Used to convert a smaller measurement into a bigger portion or vise-versa.

3. Compass – Used in drawing arcs and circles.

4. Protracter – Measures and at the same time draw the angles.

5. T-Square – Used to guide in drawing.

6. Triangle – Used to create a dimensional view of an object.

7. Divider – Used for transferring the measurements into different drawing.

8. Pull Push ruler – Used to measure longer distance.

System of Measurement – collection of units of measurement and rules relating them to each other.

English System of Measurement – came from a creative way of people to measure themselves.
Examples of these are inch, foot, yard and mile.

Metric System – Is a decimal system of measurement. This system of measurement is used for business,
commercial and scientific purposes.
Lettering – Can help to enhance the penmanship of one person.

The 7s of Drafting

1. Sweep – to clean the workplace thoroughly.

2. Sort – to identify and eliminate all things in order.

3. Safety – to review or analyze every action to ensure that we have overlooked potentioal hazards.

4. Systemize – to free the workplace from unnecessary items from the work place.

5. Self sustain – to follow the rules for safety and other industrial practices.

6. Self Discipline – to do things spontaneously without being told.

7. Sanitize – to put necessary items in good microbial hazards.

Safety hazards – Inadequate and insufficient machine guards, unsafe workplace conditions, unsafe work
practices.

Biological hazards – It is caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.

Chemical hazards – refers to solid, liquid vapor, dust, fume or mist.

Ergonomic hazards – Anatomical, physiological and psychological demands on the worker.

Physical hazards – noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity, radiation and pressure.

Psychological hazards – basically causing stress to a worker.

Math Reviewer – 3rd Quarter

REMEMBER: ( Addition, Subtraction & Division )

Positive x Positive = Positive

Negative x Negative = Positive

Positive x Negative = Negative

Negative x Positive = Negative

Laws of Exponent :

Product Rule – a x X a y =ax + y

Quotient Rule –
a x ÷ a y =a x− y
Power Rule - y
( a x ) =a xy
Power of a Product Rule –
( ab )x =ax b x

Power of a Fraction Rule –

() a x ax
b
= x
b
Zero Exponent – 0
a =1

1
Negative Exponent – a−x = x
a
Fractional Exponent – a x
y= √ a
y x

Special Products

a(x + y) = ax + ay  (Distributive Law)

(x + y)(x − y) = x2 − y2 (Difference of 2 squares)

(x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 (Square of a sum)

(x − y)2 = x2 − 2xy + y2 (Square of a difference)

(x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 (Cube of a sum)

(x − y)3 = x3 − 3x2y + 3xy2 − y3 (Cube of a difference)

(x + y)(x2 − xy + y2) = x3 + y3 (Sum of 2 cubes)

(x − y)(x2 + xy + y2) = x3 − y3 (Difference of 2 cubes)

The Square of Binomial is always Trinomial