PREVENTION AND HAZARD CONTROL

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JON JON S. ESCALO, MOE-CE,CE,SE

PREVENTION AND HAZARD CONTROLS

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

require employers to protect their employees from
workplace hazards such as machines, work procedure,
and hazardous substances that can cause injury or
illnesses.
Many companies have suggestion programs where
workers receive rewards for suggestions are
implemented. It is no secret to anyone that the person
who often has the best ideas on how to decrease or
remove a hazard is the one who faces that hazard as
part of doing normal work. Involve those who are
impacted most decision-making processes that affect
their work is a sound management.
Hazard Prevention and Control
Five Primary Approaches to Control Hazards

1. ENGINEERING CONTROLS

2. AWARENESS DEVICES

3. PREDETERMINED SAFE WORK PRACTICES

4. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

5. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

 ENGINEERING CONTROLS

The following are the engineering controls that can be

used:
1. Substitution
2. Elimination
3. Ventilation
4. Isolation
5. Process or design change
 AWARENESS DEVICES

Awareness devices are linked to the senses. They are

warning devices that can be heard and seen. They act
as alerts to workers, but create no type of physical
barrier. They found in most workplace and carry with
them a moderate degree of effectiveness. Such
devices are:

1. Backup alarms
2. Warning signals both audible and visual
3. Warning Signs
 WORK PRACTICES

Work practices concern the ways in which job task or

activity is done. This may mean that you create a
specific procedure for completing the task or job. It
may also mean that you implement special training for
a job or task. It also presupposes that you might require
inspection should be done before restarting the process
or task. It may also require that a lockout/tagout
procedure be used to create a zero potential energy
release.
 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

This may be accomplished by rotating workers, which

allows you to limit their exposure, or having workers
work only in areas where no hazards exist during that
part of their shift. This applies particularly to chemical
exposures and repetitive activities that could result in
ergonomics-related incidents. Examples are:
1. Requiring specific training and education
2. Scheduling off-shift work
3. Worker rotation
 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
Management Controls are needed to express the
company’s view of hazards and their response to
hazards that have been detected. If the management
does not have a systematic and set procedure in place
for addressing the control of hazards, the
reporting/identifying of hazards is a waste of time and
money. Some aspects of management controls are:
1. Policies
2. Directives
3. Responsibilities (line and staff)
4. Vigor and example
5. Accountability
6. Budget
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
PPE includes a variety of devices and garments to
protect workers from injuries. You can find PPE designed
to protect eyes, face, head, ears, feet, hands and arms,
and the whole body. PPE includes such items as
googles, face shields, safety glasses, hard hats, safety
shoes, gloves, vests, earplugs, earmuffs, and suits for
full-body protection.
 HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Hazard analysis and assessment procedures shall be
used to assess the workplace to determine if hazards
are present, or are likely to be present, which may
necessitate the use of PPE. As part of this assessment,
employees work environment is to be examined for
potential hazards, both health and physical, that are
likely to present a hazard to any part of their bodies.

The hazard assessment certification form may be of

assistance in conduction a hazard analysis and
assessment.
ESTABLISHING A PPE PROGRAM
RANKING HAZARD CONTROLS
ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT REPORTING
Accident and incident reporting process allows for the
identification of hazards as well as the development of
controls for the removal or mitigation of hazards.

All incidents and accidents resulting in injury or causing

illness to employees, and all events or must be reported
to your incident reporting system requirement should
apply to all incidents involving company employees,
on-site vendors, contractor employees and visitors,
which result in (or might have resulted in ) personal
injury, illness, or property and vehicle damage.
ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT REPORTING
ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT REPORTING
 HAZARD AUDITS
The use of audit (inspection) instruments can help
determine whether controls are in place and are
utilized. It will convey to some extent the overall
effectiveness of your hazard control process. Audits will
provide information on control processes and
techniques that are not functioning correctly.
 JOB SAFETY ASSESSMENT
This is a process used to check how effective your safe
operating procedures are and if there is a need to
make changes to control the hazards of the job. Before
the start or operation, the designated competent or
company authorized person should evaluate the task or
operation to identify potential hazards and to determine
the necessary controls.

The assessment should focus on actual worksite

conditions or procedures, which differ from, were not
anticipated, or were not related to other hazard
analyses. The job safety assessment is not intended to
be a formal, documented analysis, but instead is more
of a quick check of actual site conditions and a review
of planned procedures and precautions.