1 IL. COMPOSITION OF FORCES AND EQUILIBRIUM. Experiment No. 04 Introduction: ‘Composition of forces is the process of combining two or more forces to have a single effect called the resultant, This can be done by: a) graphical method such as Head-tail (Polygon) method and Parallelogram method; and b) mathematical method such as Law of Cosine and Component method ‘Three (3) non-collinear forces acting at the same point and at the same time are called concurrent forces that are in the state of equilibrium. The sum of these concurrent forces is zero, If there are three (3) forces in equilibrium, two (2) of the forces will act together to have a single effect called the resultant force and the third force will serve as an equilibrant. Equilibrant force is of the same magnitude as the resultant but acting in the opposite direction. Objectives: At the end of the activity the students should be able to: find the sum of wo (2) or more forces that are in equilibrium; compare graphical method from mathematical method in finding the resultant; and differentiate equilibrant force from resultant force. Tl — Materials needed: 3 spring balances (500-g capacity) string force frame 2 pair of scissors/cutter protractor roler graphing papersTV. Schematic Diagram: V. Procedure: A 1. Consider zeroing before using the spring balances. 2. Tie the three (3) spring balances as shown in the figure 3, Be sure that NO spring balance will be along the x-axis nor y-axis. 4, Then pull the spring balances in three (3) different directions enough to have readings in each spring balance. This can be done with the help of three (3) members of the group holding and pulling each spring balance (an alternative if NO force frame is available wherein the spring balances will be tied into it). 5. Mark your FF, Esand record he readings in gram-weight. 6. Record also the angle @ from the horizontal within its quadrant, where left is —x and right is +x, 7. Strings are representations of rays (vectors/forces). 8. Then draw the forces by scale from a common point of origin. (Ex. 1em:10 g-wt) 1, Combine two (2) forces, F, F:). 2, Find the sum using: a. Parallelogram Method (Ras) b. Law of Cosine (Re), R? = Ff + FP + 2 F\F: cos © where @ is the included angleVIL. 3. Using Parallelogram Method compare the magnitude of its resultant to. the magnitude of the third force by drawing the third force F;’ passing through the point of origin but in the opposite direction and of the same magnitude as F 4, Measure the angle between the resultant and the third force F;? drawn on the opposite direction. Consider it as the angular error, «. 5, Measure the included angle, & hetween F; and Fs, 6. Compare the Rau: to Rex Find the % Difference. 7. Gompare the Ryuz and Ryi2to F,’. Find the % Difference. @ 1, Combine the three (8) forces by addition using: 2, Polygon or Head-Tail Method, Rais 3. Component Method, Reizs 4, Compare Ryus to Rau. Find the % Difference VI. Sample Computations: R= Be + FP +2 iF; cos Fx =F cos Fy=Fsing R= Rx? + Ry? tan 8 = Ry/Rx % Difference = (Ra —Re/ x 100% Ra+Re 2 Data and Results: (Please refer to the other sheet) VIII. Analysis: A. If three forces are acting concurrently and F: combines with Fs, what will be its equilibrant? What will be the magnitude and direction of its resultant? B. What must be the sum of the three (3) concurrent forces in equilibrium?C. IfF, =20N, 20°N of E and F, = 30 N, 70° E of N are acting simultaneously, what will be the magnitude and direction of its equilibrant? D. IfF, = 20 N, 20° Nof E and F, = 30 N, 20° S of W are acting concurrently, what will be the magnitude and direction of its resultant? Its equilibrant? IX. Conclusion: 10Name: Course/Section: Group No. Date Performed: Date Submitted: Instuctor: COMPOSITION OF FORCES AND EQUILIBRIUM 1. Data and Results: Experiment No. D4 ‘D. Magnitude and Direction of Forces Fi= gewt 0: =___° from =x he g-wt = ___° from +x Be gewt = ° from -x E. Sum of Forces RESULTANT | RESULTANT Rs Ra MATHEMATICAL | DIRECTION | DIRECTION GRAPHICAL | METHOD OF Ry OF Rs METHOD Fer NA Fi + F +P - Angular Error «= for Fy +E, ‘DIFFERENCE % DIFFERENCE, Rav & Rew Ran& Fy Ran & Fs) Raw & Rens 142. Sample Computations: R= Fy +B? +2 FiF: cos ® Fx=F cos 0 Fy =Fsin8 Ree Fix + Bx + Fox Ry=Fiy+Fy+Fy RPS Rx 4+ Ry? tan 0= Ry/Rx % Difference = (Ry —Ro/ x 100% Ra+Ra 2 a