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    Artigo - Bombas Operando No Fim Da Curva

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    Artigo - Bombas Operando No Fim Da Curva

    Uploaded by

    Danilo Cardoso
    12 views10 pages

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    Artigo_Bombas operando no fim da curva

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    12 views10 pages

    Artigo - Bombas Operando No Fim Da Curva

    Uploaded by

    Danilo Cardoso

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Home About Relabiliysim Articles eBooks Resources Groups Courses. Webinars bya Sondatns— 17 Comments Don't Run Centrifugal Pumps on the End of the Curve I} }j,_smtemcomttanmosen ted cine Panes UE eeeeeaenetreanasaren iad ciency oa SP thy aperateat th ihchand ond othe pump crvehe lkalhood of cavitation increases. Keywords: suction pressure flow velocity, vapor pressure, duty pint Pump curves and what they mean \When the impellers in centrifugal pumps turn they spin the laud sitting in the cavities between the vanes outward. ‘This liquid is forced up the discharge pipe and new liquid is sucked into replace the liquid elected bythe spinning impeller ‘The amount of liquid pumped depends on: 1. the diameter ofthe impeller 2.thesize and shape of the 43. the size ofthe pump and the size ofits inlet and outlet openings 4.the rotational speed (RPM) ofthe impellor ‘5 how much back pressures atthe pump discharge between the vanes: 6.how much pressure is atthe pump suction ‘the density and viscosity (sipperiness) ofthe lguld Fora pump witha particular impeller running ata certain speed in aliquid, ‘the only tems on the ist above that can change the amount flowing through the pump are the prossures atthe pumpinlet and outlet, Calendar Login ‘Article by Mike Sondatin inthe Plant Maintenance sores articles provided courtesy of Feed Forward Publications and Lifetime Reliability Solutions N Join Accendo Receive information and updates about articles and many other resources offered by Rccendo Foliailty by becoming a member. ls fre and only takes a minute, Recent Articles Reactive Chemicals Steel Hydrogen Embeittement Does Improved Reliability ‘Translate toa Safer Plant? Launch of Asset Operations” “The eect on the flow through a pump by changing the outlet pressures is graphed on a pump curve typical set of pump curves fora centrifugal pump is shown above “The ines running tothe right and downward are the performance curves for ‘the pump. ‘They apply only 0 this pump eunning at 2900 RPM with the impeler diameters shown atthe right end ofeach curve. At different speeds or with different impel rs dtferant curves would result. Asan example of how to use the curves, assume 120 cubic meters per hour of water had to be pumped up toa ‘tank on a 50-meter high building “The impeller size to use inthe pump Is found from the curves by running a ling Lup the page at 120M3/H. Another lines run across tne page at 5S meters (ellowing about 10% extra back pressure due to friction loss in the piping and valves). “The intersection olat falls near the 211 mm size impeller “The curves running up and down are the pump efficiency curves. “They indicate the pump efficiency at different operating conditions Pump efficiency is am sure of how much ofthe energy put into the pump actually goss Into pumping the igus. The duty pont of 120M3/H and 85 m bback pressure forthe 211 mm impeller determined above is wll positioned at & high efficiency ‘Tris is a good pump selection forthe duty. What do the pump curves tell us? “The pump curves tll what flow to expect from a particular size impaller fora sven amount of back-pressure on the pump \When a pump is selected fora duty, the designer selects a pump that operates thigh efficiencies on the pup curve forthe impeller size. Changing the impeller width, the impeller diameter or the angle of the vanes inthe impeller alters the Impeller curve characteristics. ‘Avider impeller scoops more liquid and produces more flow, a largor iameter impeller flings qui out at higher speed and so produces more pressure and changing the angle ofthe vanes alters the shape and steepness ofthe pump curve ‘The pump curves suddenly stop atthe right nd of wach curve. Beyond the end ofthe curv, the pump manufacturer is advising thatthe pump cannot be safely operated, “Trying to run a pump off the right ond of the curve wl result in pump cavitation and eventually destroy the pump, Pump cavitation Pump cavitation occurs when pockets of vapor enter the pump because the Nigud is bolting [As a pump tries to pul through mare liquid, the pipe friction pressure ass on the suction line rises and the liquid entering the pum sees oss pressure (because it was lost to friction). A vacuum starts to develop atthe pump Ifthe vacuum gets deep enough the liquld wil start to boll and vaporize and the liquid passing through the pump wil contain bubbles of vapor, There is & roaring sound as ifthe pump Is pumping gravel “This noise the vapor bubbles imploding when the pressure increases again after the low-pressure point. Effects of running on the right ‘A pump operating ofthe ight ofthe curve is avtating ‘The suetion and dlschange pressures fluctua idly pulling and pushing the Impeller about because ofthe out-of-balance forces “The shaft rattles; mechanical seals are damaged: packing is worn: bearings are destroyed by brineling (hammering) and shafts are bent, Pumps will bo rolsy, vibrate and shake, get hot and the mierojets of ula elected by Imploding bubbles will hit and erode the impeller metal Consequently he pump il fall often and need a lat of maintenance. ‘Some possible reasons why @ pump may be running off the right side of the ‘curve are shovin inthe table below: ‘The pump duty was incorrectly determined or unknown. Incorrect head Grabbing ary pump avallable without doing calculations pressure calculation ‘and checking the pump curve can result ia this problem. Additional tankage A longer suction line has more pipe wal friction pressure was added and the loss so lowering the pressure available atthe pump suction line extendedsucton, Blocked suction ine, Blocked strainers and closed valves ane examples Suction pipeline Pressure loss occurs at every valve, every elbow and te, Friction losses not every projection into the flow and along every milimeter allowed for of pipe Broken discharge Once the back pressure Is lowered a higher Flow occurs Pipeline ordischargewhich forces the duty point tothe right ofthe original bypass valve opened.operating point. Removing valves, Roducing the back-prossure on a pumo causes the flow ‘tanks, and pipes {through the pump to rise, The duty point moves to the from the pump Fight of the original point. alivery ine ‘Tokeep capital costs down old pumps are often reused. If Anold pump is the pumps oversized it wll ope moved to new duty. Its original design duty plat. eon the right side of (often a new product willbe put through an existing Change inthe pump. This product may have diferent properties and so process conditions wil behave aitferanty. Correcting the situation ‘To solve the problems caused by pumps running ofthe right side of the curve Itis necessary to ensure the pump suction pressures above the pressure at ‘whieh the lquie vaporizes (boils). “The list below indicates ways to maintain suction pressure: Use anger Alarger diameter pipe has less pipe wal fition loss diameter suction because the ow velocity Is lower pipelines “The suction pressure can be increased by keeping a higher Prassurizethe levelin the tank, by moving the tank higher and by lowering suction side the pump, Putmore back- Partially closing a valve on the pump discharge will pressureon the increase the back-pressure and force the pump to operate ump discharge, further up on the left ofthe pump curve, “These ane long helieal seraws (Ikea faed screw on an Install inducers to suger) which ft up the suction plo and spin withthe reduce suetion Impeller They scavenge the liquid and draw it through by loss. force ‘Stop unnecessary Maintala fr lowing suction ne conditions. Clear pressure losses. blockages, use smooth hore pipes and long radius elbows Changetoa Change the pump size to one that delivers the same flow slower larger and pressure but ata slower speed. This usually also ppumpimpeller requires suction piping changes. Koop the process Keep the liquid as cool as possible to increase the Higuideoot temperature range tothe boiling point temperature Sowing the purnp down reduces the flow rate ofthe iguid Slow the Impeller land lessens the pipe friction losses. Pumping takes longer specs. ane the head pressure falls Letthe pump The manufac: rer can make changes to the pump such as manufacturer using harder impellor material, bigger bearings and know the range of changing the impeller shape to improve operation under utios aquired. cavitation conditions Mike Sondalini~ Maintenance Engineer DISCLAIMER: Because the authors, publisher, and resllers do not know the context in which the information presented inthe articles is tobe used, they ‘accept ne responsibility forthe consequences of using the information We (Accendo Reliability) published this article with the kind permission of Feed Forward Publishing, a subsilary of BINQS.com Web: trade-school education em ‘choo education Ityou found this interesting you may ike the abook Centrifugal Pump ‘Comments Jack Mulligan says Ive always wondered how centrifugal pumps work, and what effected thelr

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