FAULT INDICATOR

Xiamen Four-faith Smart Power

Technology Co., Ltd.
 content

Overhead Line Underground Line Application

Fault Indicator Fault Indicator case
How to detect fault

A fault indicator - is a device which provides visual or remote indication of

How to detect the fault? a fault on the power distribution system. the device is used in power
distribution networks as a means of automatically detecting and
identifying fault to reduce outage time.

Enable the electricity distribution network engineers to quickly identify the

What is the Main
faulty section of network and restore power supplies to customers on
function?
healthy sections in the shortest time possible.

Fault Indicator = FI
Terms and Data Concentrator Unit = DCU
Abbreviation Earth Fault Indicator = EFI (detect earth fault only)
Fault Indicator Type and Products
Power Distribution
Power Distribution-Line Type

Overhead Line and Underground Line

Short circuit fault / phase to phase
Earth fault / phase to ground
Working Principle-Transient Fault
I
Time duration (ΔT)
Empirical Value (according to
State Grid in China, both ΔI
And ΔT can be set) :
T1: charging time, ≥10 secs
Current ΔT: settable
change (ΔI) T2: recover time, ≤30 secs
T3: don’t care
ΔI ΔT
20-1200(defaut) 20ms-3000ms
T1 T3 changeable
Normal Load
Current（nI）

0 T
T2
Note: when happened fault (current value change over ΔI for about ΔT ),
if less than 30 seconds the power come back, then this is transient fault.
For transient fault, the default reset time is 12 hours.
Working Principle-Permanent Fault
I
Time duration (ΔT) Empirical Value (according to
State Grid in China, both ΔI
And ΔT can be set) :
T1: charging time, ≥30 secs
Current ΔT: settable
change (ΔI) T2: recover time, ≥ 30 secs

ΔI ΔT
20-1200(defaut) 20ms-3000ms
T1 changeable
Normal Load
Current

0 T
T2
Note: when happened fault (current value change over ΔI for about ΔT ),
if over 30 seconds the power NOT come back, then this is permanent fault.
For permanent fault, the default reset time is 12 hours.
But also will immediately reset if power is back less than 12 hours
Working Principle-Normal Current
I
Time duration (ΔT)

Current
change (ΔI)

T1
Normal Load
Current

0 T

Note: when the load current change ΔI, but keeps the load current over ΔT, this is still the
normal current, not fault current.
How to locate faulty section

The fault is located between the last indicator that has been triggered and the
first indicator which is still inactive. The path of the fault current from the
feeding point to the fault location is marked by the triggered indicators.

Example: The diagram below indicate that the fault section is between the
point 5 and point 6
Fault indicator Underground Line Application
introduction Fault Indicator case
Local Type and Remote Type
Local (Mechanical) Type Remote Type

Application Level：
Central Station
(SCADA)

GPRS/3G/4G
Communication Level：
Data Concentrator Unit
(DCU)

RF433
Device Level： Mechanical Flag
Indicator (Sensor) Three color LED
battery (replaceable）
Local Type Overhead Fault Indicator
Model No.

Item
JJZ-HW-FP JJZ-HW-LED

Product Picture

Applicable Voltage Level Up to 138KV Up to 138KV

According to different customer's requirements, Four-Faith has launched new type overhead line fault indicator recently.
We have improved the limitations of the old type and add more functions on the new model
Overhead Line Fault Indicator Monitoring System

Overhead Distribution Line

Monitoring System

The system including fault indicator, data

concentration unit (DCU) and SCADA.
Fault Indicators collect real time data of
each testing point
DCU: upload the fault to SCADA via
2.5G/3G/4G network.
SCADA receives fault information then
locate fault geographic position by GIS
analyzing and identify fault. SCADA
provided information help maintenance
people go to site and restore power supply
at earliest.
Overhead Fault Indicator

Fault Location System (for remote type only)

Indicator
Mechanical Flag
Hardware: Server/Cloud
Three color LED
Software: Fault Indicate
Battery (replaceable）
System/Data base
RF module (Remote Type only)

DCU (for remote type only

DCU (for remote type only)

Housing
Solar panel
Battery
RF module
Industrial modem
Overhead Fault Indicator
Model No.
JYZ-FF V2.0 JYZ-HW V2.0 JYZ-HW-HX
Item

Product Picture

Applicable Voltage Level Up to 138KV Up to 138KV Up to 138KV

According to different customer's requirements, Four-Faith has launched new type overhead line fault indicator recently.
We have improved the limitations of the old type and add more functions on the new model
Overhead Fault Indicator
Model No. When fault happens Indicator Response

Mechanical flag with blinking red LEDs

JYZ-FF V1.0 Visibility: 360°
Visiable Distance: daytime-50m
at night-100m

Mechanical flag with blinking red LEDs

Visibility: 360°
JYZ-FF-C
Visiable Distance: daytime-10m
V2.0
at night-300m

Blinking LEDs with different colors

Red-permanent fault; Green-transient fault;
JYZ-HW-C Yellow-low battery alarm
V2.0 Visibility: 360°
Visiable Distance: daytime-10m
at night-300m
Overhead Fault Indicator
• Main Power Supply: Self-sustained from monitoring line
• Back Up: Lithium Battery

Get power from the monitoring line only when the flowing
current is over 10A; if less than 10A, then use battery power.

Battery capacity: 2.7Ah/3.6V (Non replacable)

Get power from the monitoring line only when the flowing current
is over 5A; if less than 5A, then use battery power.

Battery capacity: 2.7Ah/3.6V (Replacable)

Get power from the monitoring line only when the flowing current
is over 5A; if less than 5A, then use battery power.

Battery capacity: 9Ah/3.6V (Replacable)

JYZ-FF Version
For both Local(Mechanical) Type and Remote Type

After auto reset time

Fault happen (1-48h, settable)

Normal status: Fault status: Normal status:

Flag white Flag turn red When after auto reset time or Flag white
No LED flash LED flash power is come back (only for No LED flash
permanent fault), the
indicator will turn to normal

DCU(Data Concentrator Main Feature:

Unit): The Hub transfer all
data to the SCADA from
Pole Mounted
the fault indicator sensor Solar power charge
JYZ-HW Version
For both Local(Mechanical) Type and Remote Type

After auto reset time

Fault happen (1-48h, settable)

Normal status: Permanent Fault: Red blinking LED. Normal status:

Flag white Transient Fault: Green blinkingLED. Flag white
No LED flash Earth-fault: Red and green LEDs blinking alternately. No LED flash
Low Battery Warning: Yellow blinking LED.

DCU(Data Concentrator Main Feature:

Unit): The Hub transfer all
data to the SCADA from
Pole Mounted
the fault indicator sensor Solar power charge
JYZ-HW-HX Version
For both Local(Mechanical) Type and Remote Type

After auto reset time

Fault happen (1-48h, settable)

Normal status: Permanent Fault: Red blinking LED. Normal status:

Flag white Transient Fault: Green blinkingLED. Flag white
No LED flash Earth-fault: Red and green LEDs blinking alternately. No LED flash
Low Battery Warning: Yellow blinking LED.

DCU(Data Concentrator Main Feature:

Unit): The Hub transfer all
data to the SCADA from
Line Mounted
the fault indicator sensor Line CT Power Resource
Hand-Held Tool
Query Real Time Data
▪ Load Current; Fault Current
▪ Battery Voltage
▪ Temperature
▪ Indicator Status; Fault Type
▪ Electrical Fied
Query and Revise ▪ Voltage Decline Percentage
Indicator Parameters Telecontrol Indicator
▪ Firmware Version ▪ Simulate Fault
▪ Frequency ▪ Reset Indicator
▪ Group Address ▪ Upgrade Firmware

*Hand-Held Tool is for model JYZ-FF V2.0 and JYZ-HW V2.0 only.
Installation

-The indicator can be mounted under live conditions with the help of an
adapter and a hot stick.

-Four-faith offer the adapter like below. Hot stick not offer since it is universal.
 Where to install the Fault Indicators
• Near the derivations (T)
• Along the route of the feeder (installation of a fault indicator is suggested every 3 to 5 km)

g y f low
Ener ion
C
B

ct
dire
A

RF

Direction of the fault

 Where to install the Fault Indicators

• Before and after inaccessible lines

 Where to install the Fault Indicators

• Close to Maneuver Teams.

• In Limits of Zones.

flow
C
rg y
Ene tion
B

c A
dire

RF

Sectionalizer
 Where to install the Fault Indicators

Connecting the Fault Indicator on the low side of the

transformer allows:

Voltage measurement
Detect energy loss in the line (theft).
Measure Load Unbalances.
Detect Driver Theft
High impedance faults.
Contributions of distributed generation to the fault.
Identify (Locate) Fault Section

For Local(Mechanical) Type:

Go to site, check the indicator one by one from the distribution station to the
fault section
Identify (Locate) Fault Section

For Remote Type:

Don’t need to go to site, check fault section by Map or Mimics diagram
Product Features
Main Features Local (Mechanical) Remote

LED indication with 360 degrees of visibility √ √

Dual indication (High-Visibility Flag & High-Power LEDs) √ √

Mounting can be performed while equipment is energized √ √

Hot-stick Line-mountable √ √

User-selectable fault trip level √ √

User-selectable fault response time √ √

User-selectable reset time after power return √ √

Real time remote monitoring the current status √

Remote management of indicator and data concentrator √

Remote Reset/Indication √
Specification - Indicator
Item Local (Mechanical) Remote
Applicable voltage range 0.23~138KV
Applicable current range 0~600A
Applicable power frequency range 45~60Hz
0A~100A: ±3A
Sensitivity & Accuracy 100A~600A: ±3%
Static power consumption less than 20uA
Auto reset time 1~48h user-selectable
Identification of fault current duration 20ms~3000ms
MTBF more than 70000h
Impulse current withstand 31.5kA for 2s
Protection level IP67
Weight less than 500g
Outline dimension Ф75mm * 115mm
Minimum Installation Spacing Phase to phase:
＞10 years (When flowing current is ≥10A, indicators can self-sustained from the
Indicator Battery Life monitoring line; when flowing current is ＜10A, indicators is powered by built-in
lithium batter)
Specification – DCU(Remote only)
Item
Communication with indicator distance 50m
DC adapter, solar panel, storage lithium battery (last about
Power supply
14 days without charging)
Maximum Indicator quantity 1 DCU can communicate with 9 indicators
Protocol IEC101/IEC104/DNP3.0
DCU IP type Dynamic IP/Fixed IP
Support Sim card quantity 1 card / 2card
Remote IP type Fixed IP/Fixed domain Name
DNS server support
Specification - Fault Location System (Remote only)
Main function
Map Locate Support Google Map
Mimics Diagram Support
Real time Fault alarm Support
Load current Support curve and list
Device manage Support add/delete/modify DCU and indicator
User manage Support add/delete/modify user
 What data upload to SCADA system ?

Telemetry: Teleindication：

• DCU battery voltage • DCU status

• Load current
• Fault current
• Temperature
• Battery voltage
• Electrical field
• Indicator communication status
• transient short-circuit
• permanent short circuit
• Earth fault
• Line electricity
• Indicator flag
 Data address
Telemetry:
Info address Phase A Phase B Phase C
Load current 4011 4012 4013
Fault current 401C 401D 401E
Temperature 4015 4016 4017
Battery voltage 4019 401A 401B
Electric field 403F 4040 4041

Teleindication:

Info address Phase A Phase B Phase C

Indicator communication status 0011 0021 0031
Transient short-circuit 0012 0022 0032
permanent short circuit 0013 0023 0033
Earth fault 0014 0024 0034
Line electricity 0018 0028 0038
Indicator flag 0019 0029 0039
 DCU upload principle

DCU data Item Datatype Info address Time

stamp
Total call data Telemetry 4001/4011/4012/4013/4015/4016/4017/401 NO
9/401a/401B/401C/401D/401E/403F/4040/
4041
Teleindication 0011/0021/0031/0012/0022/0032/0013/002 NO
3/0033/0014/0024/0034/0018/0028/0038/00
19/0029/0039
15 minutes timing data Telemetry 4001/4011/4012/4013/4015/4016/4017/401 NO
9/401a/401B/401C/401D/401E/403F/4040/
4041
SOE event data Telemetry 4011/4012/4013/401C/401D/401E Yes
Teleindication 0011/0021/0031/0012/0022/0032/0013/002 Yes
3/0033/0014/0024/0034/0018/0028/0038/00
19/0029/0039
 Data upload principle

Line Situation Indicator update to DCU DCU update to SCADA system

• Current variation>10% immediately immediately

• Short circuit & earth
Fault

Line is normal, no happen • 2 hours when 3A<I<10A 15 min

variation or fault • 1 hours when 10A<I<20A
• 10min when 20A<I
Test Report
Type Test - Function Type Test - EMC

Issue by Experiment and Verification Center, State Issue by EMC Lab. For Automation Equipment,
Grid Electric Power Research Institute, China State Grid Co. of China

*State Grid Corporation of China is the largest power utility in the world
*For the Details please refer to full version of test
Local & Remote Comparison

Type Local (Mechanical) Type Remote Type

Cost Low High

Communication
Don’t need need
commissioning

Remote monitoring
no yes
function
Fault indicator Overhead Line
introduction Application case
Fault Indicator
Appearance – Local Type
Display Unit (indicator panel)
3* short circuit indicator (red LED)
1* earth fault indicator (red LED)
1* battery status indicator (yellow LED)
1* button (for test and reset)
2DI/2DO/RS232(485)
1* DC power supply
Inside Battery

Connect by cable (optical fiber)

3*Short circuit CT 1*Short circuit CT

Appearance – Remote Tpye
Indicator
Fault Location System (for remote type only)

LED
Hardware: Server/Cloud
Battery (replaceable）
Software: Fault Indicate
RF module
System/Data base

DCU (for remote type only

DCU

Housing
RF module
Industrial modem
Network topology
Local (Mechanical) Type Remote Type

Application Level：
Central Station
(SCADA)

GPRS/3G/4G
Communication Level： (Can communication with RTU/FRTU,
Data Concentrator Unit protocol converter, IP modem, etc. by
(DCU) RS232/485, MODBUS)

RS232/RS485
MODBUS RF433
Device Level：
Indicator (Sensor)
Installation
Fault happen
For Local Type

After auto reset time

Fault happen (1-48h, settable)

normal status: fault status: normal status:

No LED flash LED flash No LED flash

When detecting fault, which When after auto reset time or

is indicated flashing, high- power is come back (only for
power LED indicator permanent fault), the
indicator will turn to normal
Fault happen
For Remote Type Only

When detect the short-circuit or

earth fault, the indicator will send
out the fault message to data
concentrator unit via wireless RF
433MHz.

Then data concentrator unit will

transmit the fault message to
monitoring center by GPRS/3G/4G
cellular network.
Identify (Locate) Fault Section

For Local Type: For Remote Type:

Go to site, check the indicator Don’t need to go to site, check

one by one from the distribution fault section by Map or Mimics
station to the fault section diagram
Specification – local Type
Electrical Parameters
Item Content
Applicable Voltage Level 6~35KV
Applicable Current Level 0 ≤ I ≤ 600A
0~100A (±3A accuracy)
100A~600A (±3% accuracy)
Maximum Fault Current 1200A (±10% accuracy)
Earth fault trip current Settable
Response Delay Settable
Inrush Current Withstand 31.5kA/ 2s
Protection Class
Item Content
Display Unit IP65
CT Sensor IP68
Enviromental
Item Content
Environment Temperature -35°C to +70°C
Relative Humidity ≤95%RH
Altitude ≤2000m

*For the Remote type, please Refer to Overhead Line Remote Type
Chile-ENEL Project
ENEL SCADA Vertice System
(local power utility) (system integrator)
2 Remote
Center

4G (APN cellular net)

More than
2000 sets
Fault indicator Overhead Line Underground Line
introduction Fault Indicator Fault Indicator
Chile
Chile
Thank you!