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Electric Energy System - Energy - 3
Electric Energy System - Energy - 3
Itaipu
Power Plant Components
ELECTRICAL MECHANICAL
• Generators & Turbines • Conveyors
• Transformers • Silos
• Switches • Boilers
• Buses • Scrubbers & Stacks
• Circuit Breakers • Pumps
• Capacitor Banks • Cooling Towers
At the front end
• Conveyors
• Boilers
• Scrubbers and Stacks
• Pumps
• Cooling Towers
Generators
• The whole point of the
power plant is to turn
the generators to
produce electrical
energy.
Turbines
• Difficult to replace
• A spare is often kept
Buses
• uninsulated electrical conductors
• large cross-section = low resistance
• must be far from ground and other
components to avoid arcing
flirthermography.com
Switches & Switchyards
http://www.learnz.org.nz/trips06/images/big/b-switchyard.jpg
Transformers
• PURPOSE: to change the
voltage
– increase = “step-up”
– decrease = “step-down”
• Often run hot, must be
cooled, prone to explode.
– oil inside
– cooling fins and fans
– blast walls
DEMO: pass around small transformer
DEMO: two coils, one with meter, other with
battery
Circuit Breakers
• PURPOSE: stop the
flow of current if too
much flows (due to
short circuit or excess
demand)
DEMO:charge/discharge a cap
DEMO:Lenz’s Law
Transmission Lines
and the “grid”
Why are High Voltages Used?
• Transmission lines typically • And why is that so?
carry voltages of 110 kV, 230 Transformers cannot add
kV, or even higher. The wires energy, so if the voltage is
are not insulated, so they are increased, the current (in amps)
kept high off the ground and must decrease. The charges
well separated from each other, flowing through the wires
to prevent arcing (sparks) and constantly collide with the
injury or people or animals. atoms, losing energy and
heating the wire. We call this
• Why use such high voltages? resistance. Recall that the
Using very high voltages on the power (energy per time) lost to
transmission lines reduces the that heating is given by the
amount of energy wasted equation P=I2R. If the current is
heating up the wires. reduced, the power used in
heating the wire is reduced.
Transformer Sub-Station
Purpose:
• to reduce the very high
voltages from the
transmission lines (>100kV)
to intermediate voltages
used to serve an individual
TTR Substations, Inc. town or section of a city
(typically 66 kV or 33 kV)
To your house...
• The erection cost of the low tension line is less than the HT
line
• In the LT line, four conductors are used such as three
conductors for phase and one for neutral.
HT SUPPLY
• HT line stands for high tension lines