Ans 1.

INTRODUCTION

A tree diagram can be used to define a probability space in probability theory. The diagrams
might be used to illustrate a series of occurrences (for example, a set of coins tossed) or a
dependent probability (like taking cards drawn from the deck and not substituting the cards).
Every node on the tree diagram represents an event and is associated with the likelihood of that
event occurring. The root node indicates a unique event that is most likely to occur as 1.

Every sibling joint or node represents independent and widespread dissemination of the parent
event. There are situations when calculating probability is challenging. Making a decision may
be challenging. One way for determining the odds of numerous events is to use tree diagrams.
These occurrences might be independent or dependent, and we must be able to enumerate the
alternative outcomes for each scenario on the diagram. For example, it is conceivable to get rain
on a Monday or not have any rain at all on one day. Another option is to flip a coin and see if it
comes up heads or tails.

The formula to calculate the probability is described as follows:

Probability of an event, P (E) = Number of favourable outcomes/ Total number of

outcomes.

CONCEPT AND ANALYSIS

 A probability tree diagram is used to visually display all of the possible outcomes
of an event as well as the related probability.

 The probability tree diagram is made up of branches and nodes. The node
represents an event, and the branch displays the odds of its occurrence.

 To compute the likelihood of outcomes, multiply the probabilities of the branches.

 Add the probabilities to get the likelihood of various outcomes.

  A probability tree diagram's total probability of all potential outcomes is always
one.

Typical tree diagrams begin with one item or node that extends to two or more nodes, then all of
the nodes branch into two or more before branching into more. The finished diagram will
resemble a tree with many branches.

According to the question paper, three airlines serve Srinagar. Amira airline is the most popular
of the three, accounting for more than half of all flights. It is confirmed by Biyas airline, which
has 30% of all flights, as well as Chinar airline, which has the remaining 20% of flights in the
city. The percentages of flights that arrive on schedule have been 80, 65, and 40 per cent,
respectively.

In addition, all other aspects of data from statistical sources are the form of a tree.

Probability tree diagram

The decision tree diagram, like the probability diagram, serves as a tool to help in the choosing
process. It allows you to view the prospective outcomes or the possibly unsafe outcomes.
Furthermore, it is a technique often used by mathematicians to build a collection of rules that
includes conditional manipulating statements. The opportunity diagram enables us to determine
the probability of Airline Amira. The following is how records obtained from a chance tree
diagram can be read.

 Event A helps to symbolize the scheduled flights for airline Amira.

 Event B is a direct confirmation of the scheduled flights for airline Biyas.
 Event C reflects upon the remaining flights that belong to Chinar Airlines. Chinar.

The chance of a flight is:

P (Amira) A = 0.50

P (Biyas) B= 0.30

P (Chinar) C = 0.20

When calculating the On-Time probability,

P (E|Amira) A = 0.80

P (E|Biyas) B = 0.65

P (E|Chinar) C = 0.40

i.e A, B, and C are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events as there is no other flight that is not
these three.

Flight Probability Time rates Probability Combined Probability

A 0.50 0.80 0.5*0.8 = 0.40

B 0.30 0.65 0.3*0.65 = 0.195

C 0.20 0.40 0.2*0.4 = 0.08

Total = 0.675

The likelihood that it will arrive on time is 0.675.

A PLANE IS LEAVING ON TIME. WHAT'S THE PROBABILITY THAT IT WAS
AIRLINE A

= P(A/time) = Probability of time and A / Probability of time

= 0.4/0.675

= 0.5926

This figure is provided anytime it is necessary to compute the cumulative probability of several
circumstances. The equal allows you to visually map out the probabilities of several probable
events. This method makes it simple to create complex probability formulae. There are times
when it might be difficult for someone to grasp when to add or multiply probability. A
representation of an opportunity tree might greatly simplify the process and assist in recognising
when it is necessary to multiply or add.

CONCLUSION

The possibility tree diagram is handy when calculating different probabilities on specific
scenarios since it displays several outcomes at the same time. It allows you to clearly map out the
numerous changes that may occur as a consequence of employing the same strategy. There is no
longer any need to apply intricate probability formulae as a result of this strategy. In certain
cases, it is difficult for someone performing a sophisticated computation of chance to determine
whether or not to multiply or add the possibilities. It's feasible that a probability tree diagram
might help make the entire procedure much easier to grasp. It is possible to assist you to figure
out the parenting procedure when you need to add or multiply numbers.
Ans 2.

Introduction

Variables can be important in establishing the characteristics of distinct values, which can aid
researchers in obtaining clear conclusions. Variables can include quantities such as top,
temperature, and so on. Researchers have been able to modify the independent and dependent
variables such that correlations or new features of an observation can be established. When we
talk about a based variable, we generally allude to its ability to generate problems. The relevance
of this sort of a variable is determined mostly by the study's different factors. After that, there are
independent factors, influence, and reason. It has a direct influence on any independent variable.

It might be difficult to tell the difference between dependent and independent variables at times.
Nobody can tell the difference between a complex study and an academic publication. When
outlining impartial variables, you must consider if the variables are affected by the researcher.

CONCEPT AND ANALYSIS

Variables play a significant role in determining the features of various values in research activity.
They will assist the researcher in reaching precise findings. Variables can be values such as
temperature, top, and so on. Researchers have a propensity to control unaffected and untrusted
variables in order to develop linkages between more significant parts of an inquiry. Its kilometres
are sometimes referred to as the source of the problem in terms of a recognised metric. The
variable pricing is defined by the many factors involved in the examination. In contrast, impartial
variables serve a function and have an impact. It immediately affects the independent variables.

 Part 1) Dependent and independent variables

In the case of independent variables, it might play a significant role in the inquiry to determine
the number of outcomes. It is referred to as an independent factor because of its specific cause. It
is the sole variable that has the ability to impact the impartial variables. Independent variables
are sometimes referred to as explanation variables since they assist explain the event's
consequences or result. It finds exceptional application in statistics that measure the number of
independent variables that might directly affect the exchange or alter the variables on which they
are based.

Dependent variables stand out from independent variables. It is regarded as a factor that results
in an alternative as a result of the modification of independent variables. Such variables are also
known as reaction variables in the domain of records since they are seen as a response to a
positive transaction on one of the variables. The effects aren't the only thing to consider. They
are recorded as a result of changes in the dependent variables. Humans often utilize such
variables to determine the amount to which an independent variable influences another
dependent variable via statistical analysis. The scope of the communication can only be
documented based on a person's findings.

Variables Dependent/Independent

Sales Dependent variable

Spending Independent variable

Sales Person Independent variable

Consumer Satisfaction Independent variable

It might be difficult to discern between dependent and independent variables on occasion. It's
difficult to tell the difference between a tough examination and a research article. To find the
independent variables, one must first determine whether or not the variables are affected by the
researcher.

 Part 2) Regression Model equation

Sales= Intercept + (a*Adv. Spending) + (b*no of Sales Person) + (c*Consumer Satisfaction)

Which are the co-efficient of variables

 Part 3) Regression analysis in EXCEL

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.98109
R Square 0.96253
Adjusted R Square 0.9438
Standard Error 3721.76
Observations 10

Anova

df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 3 2135139002 711713000.8 51.3818 0.00011
Residual 6 83108800.55 13851466.76
Total 9 2218247803

Standard P- Lower Upper Lower Upper

Coefficients t Stat
Error value 95% 95% 95.0% 95.0%
Intercept 32355.3 8538.4000 3.789382 0.0090 11462.5 53248 11462.5 53248
Spending 1.6868 1.500232 1.124382 0.3038 -1.9841 5.357 -1.9841 5.357
Sales
Person -155.53 1061.6134 -0.146502 0.8883 -2753.2 2442.14 -2753.2 2442.14
Consumer
Satisfaction 11309.3 2589.2629 4.367781 0.0047 4973.64 17645 4973.64 17645

 Part 4) Regression Statistics:

i. Greater R and R Square Value suggest a positive correlation

ii. Even adjusted R Square Values are close to 1. This indicates an extremely
positive effect of sales-related variables.
iii. Standard Error is also very low.
 iv. Combining all the variables; Higher Adjusted Ratio Square Low Standard
Error means greater predictability of sales based on factors.

ANOVA Table:

 "Alpha (Significance in F) is less than 0.05 suggests a significant association between

variables and sales.
 Comparatively lower SSE and MSE display lower variation as well as greater predictability.
 Greater p values for ad spending by salespersons suggest no significant impact as compared to
the Consumer Satisfaction with Sales. i.e only Consumer Satisfaction is used to forecast sales.
other variables may be disregarded.

CONCLUSION

It may have a significant impact on the development of effects during an experiment as an

independent variable. For this reason, it is frequently referred to as an independent variable.
There are no other variables that potentially influence the independent variables. Established
variables are also particular when analyzing impartial variables. They are a sort of variable that
causes change, whereas independent variables may be changed. In the subject of facts, they are
also known as reaction variables since they are ideal for representing the response to any change
in another variable.
Ans 3a.

INTRODUCTION

Because to Reel, app users may now post video portions of roughly 15 seconds. In addition to
reels, Instagram users can access features like memories and IGTV, both of which have gained
popularity. These qualities, in the opinion of a person, can be used to broaden the target audience
on Instagram.

CONCEPT AND ANALYSIS

Instagram reels are the most recent feature offered to the social network's users. The typhoon
season has transferred users. Users may now upload video segments of up to 15 seconds on the
app, thanks to Reels. In addition to reels, Instagram offers features like stories and IGTV that
have piqued the curiosity of certain users. As a user, you may increase your Instagram reach by
employing these tools. These capabilities are available to everybody, but that does not guarantee
consumers will be able to use them right now. If the desired demographic is proper, it is critical
that consumers assess their efficacy and extend their audience. It is crucial to understand that
organizing exhibitions could require the expenditure of time and cash. However, a lot of people
who are involved in their careers will lack the funds required to produce high-quality content.

The fundamental advantage of Instagram reels is that they provide tremendous visibility to early
adopters. In the case of Instagram, though, it is scarcely noteworthy. The focus of Facebook is
generally on user acceptance of new features. People in India have stated that their reels help to
increase viewer engagement. For this reason, 70% of Instagram users in India choose Instagram
reels.

As given in the question,

N = 25

P = 0.75

Q= 0.25
x = 15, 20,

A. CHANCES THAT AT MOST 15 OF THEM WILL AGREE WITH THE CLAIM

Px = NCx * P^x * Q^(N-x)

P(15) = 25C15 * (0.75)^15 * (0.25)^10

= 3268760 * 0.01336 * 0.00000095

= 0.0416

B. PROBABILITY THAT JUST 20 PEOPLE WOULD AGREE WITH THE CLAIM

Px = NCx * P^x * Q^(N-x)

P(20) = 25C20 * (0.75)^20 * (0.25)^5

= 53130 * 0.00317 * 0.000977

= 0.1645

CONCLUSION

If a person's market matches the proper market, they should investigate their choices and reach
out to a bigger group of individuals. It is crucial to remember that developing shows can take a
long time and cost a lot of money. However, many individuals who are working do not have the
financial resources to make a certain style of fabric.
Ans 3b.

INTRODUCTION

Because of technical developments and the rapid pace of change, significant measures have been
done to strengthen our hospitality infrastructure. Because of its growth, the hotel industry has
grown into one of the world's largest industries, helping to boost economies to new heights. If
viewers are interested in visiting certain sites, Bharat Darshan provides them with films of such
locations.

CONCEPT AND ANALYSIS

It is commonly known that the world is an ebook, and those who do not wish to embark on a
voyage should read through the pages. When it comes to travel aspects, temporal variability is
important in analysing the many possibilities of accessible public transportation equipment. It is
boosting customer service and operational efficiency via the use of appropriately modelled time
tours. This is not the conclusion of the narrative. It's an excellent technique to have more control
over vehicles that use cutting-edge technologies. It not only provides a notion of the road layout,
but it may also aid in understanding the impacts of living systems that are not clearly evident.

The overall purpose of the approach is to provide a complete vehicle connection. Considerable
developments in technology and science have resulted in significant enhancements to the
hospitality infrastructure. The hotel business has evolved into one of the primary industries
driving the best economies.

However, it is vital to note that many individuals are currently unable to afford a lengthy tour
and travel. Different financial limitations, as well as pets, might intervene at any time, preventing
someone from travelling. For the same reason, several firms have jumped on board to promote
the concept of digital travel. One such institution is Bharat-darshan. They show their clients
videos of destinations they want to visit in the future.

1. Probability of getting more than 12,000 hits

Z = (x-µ)/σ
z = 12000 - 10000
2400

z = 2000/2400
z = 0.83

Therefore, as per z table P = 0.7977

But since we want 'greater than, we need to subtract the probability from 1

P = 1 – 0.7977 = 0.2023

2. Probability of getting fewer than 9,000 hits

Z = (x-µ)/σ

z = 9000 - 10000
2400
z = -1000/2400

z = -0.42
Therefore, as per z table P = 0.3384

CONCLUSION

It is critical to recognize that not everyone can afford to pay for a long journey or travel.
Financial restrictions and other circumstances such as pets may limit a person's capacity to travel
at any time. Numerous organisations have formed to promote the notion of virtual travel for a
specific purpose. Bharat Darshan is one such organisation.