D.

A DUBE 217000980

Assignment Submittal & Declaration: Practical 4

I hereby declare that this assignment is my own work and that it
has not been copied from any other person or document.

217000980 D.A DUBE

0 4 1 4

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D.A DUBE 217000980

Table of Contents
Aim .................................................................................................................................... 3
Apparatus: ......................................................................................................................... 3
Procedure.......................................................................................................................... 4
Results .............................................................................................................................. 4
Calculations ....................................................................................................................... 7
Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 12
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 12

List of Figures
Figure 1……………………………………………………………………………………………..3
Figure 2……………………………………………………………………………………………..4
Figure 3……………………………………………………………………………………………..6

List of Tables
Table 1………………………………………………………………………………………………5
Table 2………………………………………………………………………………………………6
Table 3………………………………………………………………………………………………9
Table 4……………………………………………………………………………………………..11

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D.A DUBE 217000980

Aim
To investigate the influence of transmission line impedance on the power
transferred and received between two interconnected alternating current
power stations.

Apparatus:
Power World simulation tool

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the two connected power stations

Pre-Lab:
Calculate the active and reactive power received using Figure 4.1 and ZLine =
(5+j8).and transported via the interconnector, as well as the final loading of the
two power stations, as the transmission lines per-unit impedance (Sbase = 100
MVA). Additionally, calculate the overall power loss on the transmission line at
power station A, the voltage is advanced with a 15-degree angle about the
voltage at power station B

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D.A DUBE 217000980

Procedure
• Connect power stations A and B via the interconnected transmission line, and
then enter all the settings/values shown in Fig. 4.1.
• Set power station A's initial active and reactive power to 509.2 MW and 0
MVar, respectively.
• Set power station B's initial active and reactive power to 0 MW and 0 MVar,
respectively.
• Simulate and document the parameters listed in Table 4.1. (Remember to
show the snapshot figures for all your measured results with your student
number).
• Change the transmission line impedance to Zline = 0+j8 and note the results
in Table 4.2. (Remember to show the snapshot figures for all your measured
results with your student number).
• Please include your final schematic diagram.

Results
Figure 2:Case 1 simulation

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D.A DUBE 217000980

Simulation Results for ZLine = (5+j8) Ω

Transmission Line

Pi Qi Pj Qj Iij MW MVar
(MW) (MVar) (MW) (MVar) (kA) loss loss
76.20 -34.71 64.61 53.24 0.878 11.587 18.534

Final Loading

Power Station A Power Station B

P Q P Q
(MW) (MVar) (MW) (MVar)
509 285 226 399

Table 1: Simulation Results for Case 1

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D.A DUBE 217000980

Figure 3: Case 2 simulation

Simulation Results for ZLine = (0+j8) Ω

Transmission Line

Pi Qi Pj Qj Iij MW MVar
(MW) (MVar) (MW) (MVar) (kA) loss loss
97.85 12.88 97.85 12.88 1.035 0 25.752

Final Loading

Power Station A Power Station B

P Q P Q
(MW) (MVar) (MW) (MVar)
531 263 193 359

Table 2: Simulation Results for Case 2

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D.A DUBE 217000980

Calculations
For Case 1: 5+j8

𝑆𝑛𝑏
𝑍𝑝𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑍𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ×
𝑉𝑔𝑏
100
= 5 + 𝑗8 ×
552
= 0.1652 + 𝑗0.2644
𝑉𝑖 − 𝑉𝑗
𝑖𝑖𝑗 =
√3. 𝑍
55∠15° − 55
=
√3. (5 + 𝑗8)
53.1259 + 𝑗14.235 − 55
=
8.660 + 𝑗13.856
−1.8741 + 𝑗14.235
=
8.660 + 𝑗13.856
14.3578∠97.500°
=
16.3396∠57.9946°
= 0.8787∠39.5054°
𝑆𝑖 = √3 × 𝑉𝑖 × 𝐼𝑖𝑗

= √3 × (55∠15°) × (0.8787∠ − 39.5054°)

= 83.7074∠ − 24.5054°
= 76.167 − 𝑗34.720
𝑆𝑗 = √3 × 𝑉𝑗 × 𝐼𝑖𝑗

= √3 × (55) × (0.8787∠ − 39.5054°)

= 83.7074∠ − 39.5054°
= 64.585 − 𝑗53.250

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D.A DUBE 217000980

𝑆𝑎 = 𝑆𝑎(𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑) + 𝑆𝑖
= 500∠ − 30° + 83.7074∠ − 24.5054°
= 433.012 − 𝑗250 + 76.167 − 𝑗34.720
= 509.179 − 𝑗284.72

𝑆𝑏 = 𝑆𝑏(𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 ) + 𝑆𝑗
= 452∠50° + 83.7074∠ − 39.5054°
= 290.5399 + 𝑗346.252 + (−64.585 − 𝑗53.250)
= 225.951 + 𝑗399.502

𝑀𝑊𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝑃𝑖 − 𝑃𝑗
= 76.167 − 64.585
= 11.582 𝑀𝑊
𝑀𝑉𝑎𝑟 = 𝑄𝑖 − 𝑄𝑗
= −34.720 − (−53.25)
= −18,53 𝑀𝑣𝑎𝑟

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D.A DUBE 217000980

Calculated Results for ZLine = (5+j8) Ω

Transmission Line

Pi Qi Pj Qj Iij MW MVar
(MW) (MVar) (MW) (MVar) (kA) loss loss
76.167 -34.720 64.585 -53.25 0.8787 11.582 18.53

Final Loading

Power Station A Power Station B

P Q P Q
(MW) (MVar) (MW) (MVar)
509.179 284.72 225.95 399.502

Table 3: Calculated Results for Case 1

For Case 2: 0+j8

𝑆𝑛𝑏
𝑍𝑝𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑍𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ×
𝑉𝑔𝑏
100
= 0 + 𝑗8 × 2
55
= 0 + 𝑗0.2644
𝑉𝑖 − 𝑉𝑗
𝑖𝑖𝑗 =
√3. 𝑍
55∠15° − 55
=
√3. (0 + 𝑗8)
53.1259 + 𝑗14.235 − 55
=
0 + 𝑗13.856
−1.8741 + 𝑗14.235
=
0 + 𝑗13.856

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D.A DUBE 217000980

14.3578∠97.500°
=
13.856∠90°
= 1.0361∠7.5°
𝑆𝑖 = √3 × 𝑉𝑖 × 𝐼𝑖𝑗

= √3 × (55∠15°) × (1.0361∠ − 7.5°)

= 98.7017∠7.5°
= 97.8572 + 𝑗12.8831
𝑆𝑗 = √3 × 𝑉𝑗 × 𝐼𝑖𝑗

= √3 × (55) × (1.0361∠ − 7.5°)

= 98.7017∠ − 7.5°
= 97.8572 − 𝑗12.8831

𝑆𝑎 = 𝑆𝑎(𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑) + 𝑆𝑖
= 500∠ − 30° + 98.7017∠7.5°
= 433.012 − 𝑗250 + 97.8572 + 𝑗12.8831
= 530.8692 − 𝑗262.888

𝑆𝑏 = 𝑆𝑏(𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 ) + 𝑆𝑗
= 452∠50° + 98.7017∠ − 7.5°
= 290.5399 + 𝑗346.252 + 97.8572 − 𝑗12.8831
= 192.6827 + 𝑗359.1351

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D.A DUBE 217000980

𝑀𝑊𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝑃𝑖 − 𝑃𝑗
= 97.701 − 97.857
= −0.156 𝑀𝑊
𝑀𝑉𝑎𝑟 = 𝑄𝑖 − 𝑄𝑗
= 12.883 − (−12.883)
= 25.766 𝑀𝑣𝑎𝑟

Pre-Lab Calculations for ZLine = (0+j8) Ω

Calculated Results for ZLine = (0+j8) Ω

Transmission Line

Pi Qi Pj Qj Iij MW MVar
(MW) (MVar) (MW) (MVar) (kA) loss loss
97.701 12.883 97.857 12.883 1.0361 -0.156 25.766

Final Loading

Power Station A Power Station B

P Q P Q
(MW) (MVar) (MW) (MVar)
530.869 262.883 192.68 359.135

Table 4: Calculated Results for Case 2

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D.A DUBE 217000980

Discussion
Based on the calculated values before the laboratory tests, it was found that Power Station A
is the leading power station because Power Station B is lagging. This is evident from the
flow of active and reactive power in Power Station A where the signs are opposite, indicating
that the current flow is appropriate for Power Station A, flowing from negative to positive.
Likewise, Power Station B experiences the same phenomenon but in the opposite direction,
flowing from positive to negative. Meaning Power Station, A is the generating station and
Power Station B is the consuming Station.

Conclusion
in addition, Figure 2 illustrates that the impedance of (5+j8) did not impact either machine,
yet the values for the simulated line losses are consistent with the pre-lab estimates. This
implies that the impedance of (0+j8) also did not influence either machine, as the simulated
results indicate a positive flow of both active and reactive powers for both devices.
Ultimately, the pre-lab calculations align with the simulated results, confirming that the
experiment successfully achieved its objective of examining the influence of transmission
line impedance on active and reactive powers.

References
• Conduah, J. and Makhetha, M., 2023. Electrical Technology III Practical Guide. 1st ed.
Bloemfontein: J.E Conduah.
• Van Zyl, S., 2011. Electrical technology. 5th ed. Vanderbijlpark: Lerato

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