landside
Airport operation
Basics: operational challenges
of an airport
Terminal configurations
A-CDM – Collaboration of process partners to
better plan highly limited air space and airport
resources（
（ACDM→更好地规划有限的航空空间和
→更好地规划有限的航空空间和
机场资源）
A-CDM – Why should an airport want it?
Optimising airport operations: A-CDM elements and partners
Example ACDM
A-CDM leads to a more efficient turn-around
process and optimized traffic flow
the difference between safety and security
lecture 4
Operational
Challenges
Defining acts of unlawful interference
Defining threats to civil aviation（民航）
（民航）
Aviation Security
EU membership, Schengen Agreement
Legal framework（框架
（框架/结构）结构） for aviation
security is complex:Overview
Example: Security planning requirements and
measures for airport areas according to
Regulation (EC) 300/2008
Regulations (EC/EU) do not define specific
responsibilities: Member States shall define
responsibilities and monitor compliance
Complex interaction of infrastructure, operating
resources as well as human
resources management
The differing requirements and interests of
Operational challenges of airports are most different partners have to be aligned.
characterized by the following elements:
Conclusion The level of quality required is extremely high.
There are loads of regulations which are
mandatory and have to be observed.
terminal area
Airside
• Consistent and high-standard target times
• Efficient use of capacities and operating
resources
• Aligned information exchange（统一的信息交
（统一的信息交
流） and “Common Situational Awareness” (
CSA)
• Connected to the European “Air Traffic Flow
Management” network
• European programmes to go ahead (SESAR
Single European Sky ATM Research)
• Sustaining/increasing of competitiveness of
the airport
• Airport OPS
• Gate & stand allocation
Airport • Apron Control
• Tower
ATC • Network Manager (NMOC)
•Airlines
• Pilots
Aircraft Operator, • Ground Handler
Ground Handling • De-Icing
• All partners involved in the flight event work
with consistent and high-standard target times
• All partners (Airport and Network) benefit
from significantly improved target times (On-
Block, Off-Block and Take-Off)
• All TOBT related processes (ground handling)
Efficient turn-around process have increased in efficiency and stability
• Waiting times at start of runway are reduced (
kerosene/costs)
• Slot allocation (CTOT) is optimized through
NMOC, CTOT better adhered to and hence
ATFM delay reduced
• Improved predictability in adverse situations
and smoother & faster return to regular Ops
• Impact on taxi times and fuel consumption
not quantifiable: Impact from new runway and
A-CDM are overlapping
Optimized traffic flow • Outbound punctuality is improved.
Prevention of non-intentional accidents as well
Safety as reduction of operational risks.
Protection from acts of unlawful interference（（
干涉 干扰） by ensuring that no unauthorised
干涉/干扰）
persons/vehicles enter security restricted areas
and no prohibited（禁止的）
（禁止的）articles are
Security（
（Focus of this lecture）
） introduced into those areas
Acts of unlawful interference are acts or
attempted acts such as to jeopardize the
safety of civil aviation,
including but not limited to:
• Unlawful seizure（夺取
（夺取/捕获） 捕获） of aircraft,
• Destruction of an aircraft in service,（在役飞机
（在役飞机
被毁）
• Hostage-taking on board aircraft or on
aerodromes,（飞机上
（飞机上/飞机跑道上劫持人质）
飞机跑道上劫持人质）
• Forcible intrusion on board an aircraft, at an
airport or on the premises of an aeronautical
facility,
• Introduction on board an aircraft or at an
airport of a weapon or hazardous device or
material intended for criminal purposes,
• Use of an aircraft in service for the purpose
of causing death, serious bodily injury, or
serious damage to property or the environment,
• Communication of false information such as
to jeopardize the safety of an aircraft in flight
or on the ground, of passengers, crew, ground
personnel or the general public, at an airport or
on the premises of a civil aviation facility.
• Making a symbolic statement as aircraft and
air carrier have high symbolic values for their
states
• Inflicting mass casualties
• Causing economic disruption with small
efforts
• Disrupting connectivity between states
• Generating public anxiety
Motives for acts of unlawful interference, e. g. • Achieving high public and media attention
• Members of established and organized
international terrorist groups as well as
members of regional affiliates
and allies of such groups
• ‘Home-grown’ terrorists or radicalized
individuals
Potential perpetrators（
（/ˌpə..pəˈtretɚ/ 行凶者）
行凶者）, e. g. • Mentally ill persons
Free movement of persons in Europe:
• Harmonised（（/ˈhɑɑrməˌnaɪz/使和谐）
使和谐）
standards for controlling EU external
borders
➢ Abolition（（/ˌæbəˈlɪʃn/废除）
废除） of border
• Harmonised conditions of entry and of visa
controls within Schengen Area, e. g. at airports
rules
➢ Border controls upon first entry to Schengen
• Cooperation between law enforcement
Area (applying to people crossing EU external
agencies
borders)
• Joint Schengen Information System (SIS)
Signed on 14 June 1985, supplemented by
Schengen Convention signed on 19 June 1990
Solutions to given challenges afford mostly
standardization and simplification of
processes. These are, however, not easy and
quickly to achieve due to the high complexity
and the regulatory framework
mentioned in this lecture.