Psychology Assignments

List of 10 Psychological Terms used in Psychology. (15 marks)

1. Addiction- the fact or condition of being dependant on a particular substance

or activity.

2. Anxiety- a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an

uncertain outcome.

3. Attitude- a person’s mindset that changes in different situations.

4. Depression- mood disorder marked by lack of motivation, energy, joy.

5. Extrovert- an outgoing, socially confident person.

6. Insanity- the state of being seriously mentally ill; madness.

7. Introvert- a shy, reticent person.

8. Personality- the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an

individual’s distinctive character.

9. Phobia- an extreme or irrational fear of aversion to something.

10. Stress- a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse
or demanding circumstances.

Summary on any ONE of the Theorist/Theory. (15 marks)

Humanistic Theorists/ Theories

Humanistic psychological theories began to grow in popularity during the 1950’s.
Some of the major humanist theorists included Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
It is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person
(known as Holism)
American psychologist, Abraham Maslow theorized that human decision-making is
undergirded by a hierarchy of psychological needs. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a
theory of motivation which states that five categories of human needs dictate an
individual’s behaviour.
Those needs are physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem
needs, and self-actualization needs. Maslow’s theory presents his hierarchy of needs
in a pyramid shape, with basic needs at the bottom of the pyramid and more high-
level, intangible needs at the top. A person can only move on to addressing the higher-
level needs when heir basic needs are adequately fulfilled.

Physiological Needs-
The first of the id-driven lower needs on Maslow’s hierarchy are physiological needs.
These are the most basic human survival needs include food and water, sufficient rest,
clothing and shelter, overall health and reproduction. Maslow states that these basic
physiological must be addressed before humans move on to the next level of
fulfilment.

Safety Needs-
Next among the lower-level needs is safety. Safety needs include protection from
violence and theft, emotional stability and well-being health security, and financial
security.

Love and Belonging Needs-

The social needs on the third level of Maslow’s hierarchy relate to human interaction
and are the last of the so-called lower needs. Among these needs are friendships and
family bonds both with biological family (parent, siblings, children) and chosen
family (spouses and partners). Physical and emotional intimacy ranging from sexual
relationships to intimate emotional bonds are important to achieving a felling of
elevated kinship. Additionally, membership in social groups contributes to meeting
this need, from belonging to a team of co-workers to forging an identity in a union,
club, or group of hobbyists.
Esteem Needs-
The higher needs, beginning with esteem, are ego-driven needs. The primary elements
of esteem are self-respect (the belief that you are valuable and deserving of dignity)
and self-esteem (confidence in your potential for personal growth and
accomplishments). Maslow specifically noted that self-esteem can be broken into two
types: esteem, which is based on respect and acknowledgement from others, and
esteem, which is based on your own self-assessment. Self-confidence and
independence stem from this latter type of self-esteem.

Self-actualization Needs-
Self-actualization describes the fulfilment of your full potential as a person.
Sometimes called self-fulfilment needs, self-actualization needs occupy the highest
spot on the Maslow’s pyramid. Self-actualization needs include education, skill
development - the refining of talents in areas such as music, athletics, design, cooking,
and gardening – caring for others, and broader goals like learning a new language,
travelling to new places, and winning awards.

The humanistic perspective does recognize human experience, but largely at the
expense of being non-scientific in its methods and ability to provide evidence.