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Internal Cabling Fiber Optic Ca1C

Fiber To The Home (FTTH)

FTTH is 100% optical connection between service provider and end-user in the access
network, which optical fiber reaches until home & office.

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Basic Theory of Fiber Optic

Refraction Of Lights

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Basic Theory of Fiber Optic Coating Cable

(Primary Coating)
Fiber Optic Cable Structure
Core
Core

Jacket Cable Cladding

(Secondary Coating)
Cladding
Core 10 um

Cladding 125 um

Primary Coating 250 um

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Secondary Coating

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Basic Theory of Fiber Optic

Type Of Fiber Optic & Wavelength

10 um Diameter

10/125 Single Mode

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Overview FTTH Network (HSBB)

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Standard FTTH Network

Access Network

E E O E

D side
Central Office (TM)
E side
Customer Site
Underground - Manhole.

Distance now can

UG – JC9.
reach up to 30km
Access Network :

Exchange Side (Kabel Utama) - From ‘central office (co)’ to Fiber Distribution Cabinet (FDC).
Distribution Side (kabel Agihan) -From Fiber Distribution Cabinet (FDC) to Fiber Distribution Point (FDP) 07

Standard FTTH Network

Overhead Installation

Underground Installation 08

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Standard FTTH Network

Application FTTH – Triple Play

HIS - High Speed Internet IPTV - Internet Protocol

VOIP - Voice Internet Television
Protocol

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Standard FTTH Internal Wiring

Fiber Distribution Point

(FDP)

Fiber Drop Cable /

Fiber External Cable Fiber Termination Box
(FTB)

Bend Insensitive VOIP - Phone

Fiber Connector
Fiber
Fiber Indoor Cable / HSI - Internet
Fiber Internal Cable
IPTV - TV

Fiber Wall Socket Optical Network Unit

(FWS) (ONU) RJ45 Cable 10

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Safety Gloves
Safety Helmets

Safety Full Body Harness

Safety Googles

Safety Vest

Safety Shoes

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Safety Workplace At Customer Premise

Type Of Ladder spec TM - BS 2037:1994 CLASS 1

Double Extension Ladder Double Side Ladder

Type of Double Slide Ladder

8 STEP
Type of Extension Ladder 10 STEP
12 STEP
10 STEP
12 STEP
15 STEP

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Safety Workplace At Customer Premise

1. UJIAN KETAHANAN TIANG, Menyandarkan tangga pada tiang dan tolak tangga
beberapa kali.
2. Pakai PPE - Topi Keselamtan, Safety Vest, Full Body Harness, Safety Shoes,
Safety Goolges
3. Tangga disandar pada kecondongan ¼ ke 3/8 daripada ketinggian tangga.
4. Ikat Hujung Atas Tangga di tiang.

Safety Workplace At Customer Premise

Kecondongan Tangga
1/4
4 Nisbah 1:4

Tali

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GPON FTTH Network Elements

Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)

OLT

ONU

ONU

ONU

ONU
ONU
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FTTH Network Elements

Central Office (TM)

Fiber Room
Customer Site
Optical Line Terminal

OLT ODF Optical Distribution Frame Fiber Termination Box

FTB
FDP
Customer Premise
Splitter
Equipment
Splitter FDC
Fiber Distribution Point CPE

FWS
Splitter
Fiber Wall Socket ONU
Fiber Distribution Cabinet
Optical Network Unit

FTTH Network Elements

OLT ODF FDC FDP FTB FWS ONU

Splitter Splitter Splitter

Active Optical Network Elements

An active optical systems uses electrically powered switching equipment.

OLT ONU
Passive Optical Network Elements
A passive optical network, on the other hand, does not include electrically powered switching equipment
and instead uses optical splitters to separate and collect optical signals

ODF FDC FDP FTB FWS

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Active Optical Network Elements

Fan tray

Power interface
boards

Mounting
brackets

Mounting
brackets

Uplink interface
boards

Service boards
Control boards
Service boards

Optical Line Terminal (OLT) Optical Network Unit (ONU)

An optical line terminal (OLT) is the endpoint hardware The ONU connects to the Termination
device in a passive optical network (PON). An OLT has Point (TP) with an optical fibre cable
two primary functions: Converting the standard signals and connects to your router via an
used by a FiOS service provider to the frequency and LAN / ethernet cable.
framing used by the PON system. 19

Active Optical Network Elements

Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
Function OLT
to perform conversion between the electrical signals
used by the service provider's equipment and the fiber
optic signals used by the passive optical network.

Optical Line Terminal (OLT)

IPTV

HSI

Electrical Signals Optic Signals

VOIP
Active Elements
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Active Optical Network Elements

Optical Network Unit (ONU) / Optical Network Terminal (ONT)

Function ONU/ONT
converts optical signals transmitted via fibers to
electrical signals. These electrical signals are then sent
to individual subscribers.

VOIP - Phone

Optical Network Unit (ONU)

IPTV - TV
Electrical Signals
Optic Signals Active Elements

HSI - Internet

Passive Optical Network Elements

Optical Distribution Frame (ODF)
 Interconnection between Outdoor
cable and patch cords/breakout
cable to equipment
 Helps to ease cable management
and interconnection

FIST-GR3 & GPX-P 96-ports Termination & Splice panel 22

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Passive Optical Network Elements

Fiber Distribution Cabinet (FDC)
 Interconnection between E Side cable and patch
cords/breakout cable to D Side Cable (FDP)
 Helps to ease cable management and
interconnection

Passive Optical Network Elements

Fiber Optical Closure (FOC)

Type Of Fiber Optical Closure DOME TYPE CLOSURES

a. Dome Type Closure

b. In-Line Type Closure
c. Gel-Sealed Type Closure

GEL-SEALED CLOSURES

IN-LINE CLOSURES 24

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Passive Optical Network Elements

Fiber Distribution Point (FDP) - Aerial

 Interconnection between Distribution Cable from FDC

and Drop Cable to customer premises
 Available for Aerial or Wall mounted type
 Pre-installed with splitters with low Insertion Loss
value and high Return Loss value

Component Capacity per unit Remark

Splice Tray 24 Expandable to 48

1:4 1:8 1:16

Pre-installed, input without connector,
PLC Splitter
2 pcs 2 pcs 1 pcs output with or without SC connectors

24 for connectorized
Patch panel type SC/APC, or SC/UPC
4 for splice type 25

Passive Optical Network Elements

Fiber Distribution Point (FDP) – Wall Mount
Features

• Support outdoor application, aboveground

pedestal installation.
• 20 pcs of SC adapter supported.
• Cable entry ports: up to 3*Φ16mm distribution
cable, 16*Φ3 drop cable

• Protect Level: IP55.

Component Capacity per unit Remark

Splice area 12 2 pcs of splice tray

PLC Splitter 1:4 1:8 1:16

(with or without -
connector) 2 pcs 2 pcs 1 pcs

Patch panel 20 SC/UPC

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Passive Optical Network Elements

Fiber Distribution Point (FDP) – Underground
Features
• Buried, underground, aerial applications.
• Dimension (mm) : Φ175±5mm×460 ±5mm
• Splice capacity: up to 48 cores.
• Provides separated port and fixture for each
drop cable, support up to 16 ports.
• 1x4, 1x8, 1x16 PLC could be pre-installed.
• Protect Level: IP 68

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Passive Optical Network Elements

Fiber Distribution Point (FDP) – Pedestal
Features

• Support outdoor application, aboveground

pedestal installation.
• 20 pcs of SC adapter supported.
• Cable entry ports: up to 3*Φ16mm distribution
cable, 16*Φ3 drop cable

• Protect Level: IP55.

Component Capacity per unit Remark

Splice area 12 2 pcs of splice tray

PLC Splitter 1:4 1:8 1:16

(with or without -
connector) 2 pcs 2 pcs 1 pcs

Patch panel 20 SC/UPC

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Passive Optical Network Elements

Fiber Termination Box (FTB) Features
• Outdoor wall-mounted applications
• Support field assembly or fusion splice.
• The box cover adopts "self-clip" structure,
which is convenient to open & close.
• Capacity: support up to 2 ports.
• Support SC adapter.

• Protect Level: IP65

• 1.6 Meter .

Splice Type
Connectorized Type 29

Passive Optical Network Elements

Fiber Wall Socket (FWS)
 Interconnection between Drop Indoor Drop Cable and Bend Insensitive Patch cord (BIPC)
 Wall mounted type
 Pre-installed with automatic shutter to prevent any hazard to the eyes when light is being
transmitted

Feaures

i. Compact size fiber faceplate

ii. Ability to allow cables to enter from rear, bottom or of the unit.
iii. Proper routing, bend radius protection and strain relief of incoming cable
iv. Built-in auto shuttered SC adaptor as customer's required
v. Drop cable terminated with field assembly or fusion splice with pigtail
vi. Proper routing, bend radius protection and strain relief of incoming cable
vii. SC or duplex LC connector available
viii. Material is ABS/PC and Flame retardant 30

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Passive Optical Network Elements

Optical Power Splitter
 An optical splitter is a passive device that splits the optical power carried by a single
input fiber into two output fibers.
Type Optical Splitter 1:2, 1:4, 1:8,1:16,1:32, 1:64.
Y-coupler Splitter
Modular Splitter

Commonly used in FDC & ODF Commonly used in FDP

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Passive Optical Network Elements

Field Assembly Subscriber Connector (FASC)

Ultra Physical Contact (UPC)

Most of UPC single mode connectors are blue

Angle Polished Connectors (APC) SC - APC

Most of APC connectors are green

APC UPC

OLT ODF FDC FDP FTB FWS

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Passive Optical Network Elements

Fiber Optic Adapter
Fiber optic adapter is a device used to connect two fiber optic connectors in the fiber optic
cabling system

SC-UPC SC-APC

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Passive Optical Network Elements

Protective Sleeves

Fiber Optic Splice Sleeve Features

1. Provide safe protection to optical fiber splicing.

2. Fiber Optic Fusion Splice Sleeve Operating Temperature
-45~100 ℃
Protective Sleeves - Single Core Fiber
60mm Length
0.14mm Diameter

Protective Sleeves - Ribbon Core Fiber

40mm Length
0.21mm Diameter

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Fiber Optic Cable & Infrastructure

Fiber Optic Cable & Infrastructure

Optical Fiber Cable for
Direct Burial Installation

Optical Fiber Cable for

Aerial Installation

Optical Fiber Cable for

Duct Installation

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Fiber Optic Cable & Infrastructure

Type Of Fiber Cable Using In FTTH

Fiber Slotted Cable

Fiber Loose Tube Cable

Fiber Slotted Type; Fiber Loose Tube / Loose Buffer:

a) Loose Fiber – Tidak Melebihi 12 Core a) 6 Fiber / Tube (<36 C)
b) Ribbon Fiber – Minima 24 Core b) 8 Fiber / Tube (>48C)

Fiber Slotted Type ODF-FDC Fiber Loose Tube FDC-FDP 37

Fiber Optic Cable & Infrastructure

Type Of Fiber Cable Using In FTTH
Bend Insensitive Fiber

a) Menghubungkan FWS ke ONU.

b) 1310nm – 0.35db/km
c) 1550nm – 0.21db/km

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Fiber Optic Cable & Infrastructure

Type Of Fiber Cable Using In FTTH
Fiber Internal Cable
FIBRE CORD
1) Fiber Cord (Pigtail) Pigtail

2) Cord Cable
CORD CABLE

3) Patch Cord PATCH CORD

Note:
Loss for patch cord is 0.2dB 39

Fiber Optic Cable & Infrastructure

Type Of Fiber Cable Using In FTTH
Fiber Drop Cable Fiber Indoor Cable
Fiber Sheath
2. Internal Barrel
Strength Member,
0.4mm
Fiber

Fiber Sheath
1. Colour Of Jacket
1. Colour Of Jacket

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Fiber Optic Cable & Infrastructure

Type Of Internal Fiber Cable Using In FTTH

Central Exchange Subscriber’s Customer Premise

OLT ODF FDC FDP FTB FWS RG/PG

ONU

Fiber
Patch Fiber Fiber Cat 5 Cable/
Cord Fiber Drop Bend
Fiber Internal RJ45 Cable
Loose Cable Insensitive
Slotted Cable
Tube Fiber

Fiber Splitter Fiber Splitter Fiber Splitter 41

“Modular” “Modular” “Y-Coupler”

Fiber Optic Cable & Infrastructure

Bending Radius Fiber Cable
Bending of a fiber optic cable can damage the cable if the radius of the
bend is too small.

No Of Cable Bending Radius Used At Type Of Cable

Fiber Patch Cord

G652D 30mm OLT-FDP Fiber Sloted
Fiber Loose Tube
Fiber Drop Cable
G657A 15mm FDP-FWS
Fiber Internal Cable

G657B 7.5mm FWS-ONU Bend Insensitive Fiber

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Fiber Optic Tools Kits & Equipment

Fiber Optic Tools Kits & Equipment

5 Standard Procedure Safe Handling Fiber Optic Cables

Know the standards that apply to your work

Keep it clean

Understand the chemicals you’re handling

Be aware of your environment

Use the right tools

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Fiber Optic Tools Kits & Equipment

FTTH Fiber Installation Tools Kits

to cut the Core Fiber Fiber Cutter to cut the Jacket Cable
Cleaver

Cable Cutter
Stripper

to strip the Coating Cable to cut the Cable Sheath

Fiber Optic Tools Kits & Equipment

FTTH Fiber Optic Cleaning Kits

Cladding
One-Click Cleaner
Lint Free Gauze

Alcohol Cleaner 95% Cassette Cleaner

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Fiber Optic Internal Wiring Installation

FTTH On Pole (FTTH-OP)
FTTH Underground (FTTH-UG)

Standard Installation Procedure

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Standard Installation Procedure

Network Boundary (FTTH On Pole Installation)

FDP

Network Provider
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Standard Installation Procedure

Network Boundary (FTTH Underground Installation)

FDP

Network 50
Provider

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Standard Installation Procedure

Reading Power Optical Output

FDP
FTB

<-23.5dBm
Customer
Premise
Use power meter to
measure optical Nota :
power at 1490nm Bacaan Power Optical
Bagi setiap point adalah

FWS = +/- 3dBm

Bacaan Power Optical Kurang dari -23.5dBm

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Standard Installation Procedure - FTTH On Pole

Length For Passive Element Installation

FDP
FTB

Customer
250Mtr
Premise
Drop Fiber
FWS ONU
5Mtr
Bending = 15mm 160cm
30cm
Daya Tarikan = 6 Newton

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Standard Installation Procedure - FTTH Underground

FTTH Underground Installation (Using Existing Piping)

Note : 1) FTB will be drilled onto surface

Wall House wall.
FTB

Wall Fence
160 cm
Dinding Rumah FDP
PVC grey
Pintu Pagar
pipe
Lantai Laman Rumah
Floor Jointing
Box

Manhole

Existing underground 53
GI pipe

Standard Installation Procedure - FTTH Underground

Manhole Telekom

Sub Duct

Micro Duct
End Cap

Optic fibre cable Micro Duct

Sub Duct

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Standard Installation Procedure - FTTH Underground

FTTH Underground Installation (Using New Piping)

Wall
House
FTB

Wall fence
DP
10 cm
Pintu Pagar
160 cm
Lantai Laman Rumah
PVC grey
pipe

Jointing
Underground Box
GI pipe

Note : 1) PVC pipe will fixed on the surface of the wall fence using stainless still clips (drilled to the wall) 55
2) FTB will be drilled onto surface wall.

Standard Installation Procedure

Quality Of Drilling Works

Langkah-langkah menebuk lubang di dinding premis pelanggan.

1. Gunakan pengesan logam.

2. Gunakan mata dril yang bersesuaian.
3. Arah menebuk lubang di dinding dari dalam premis
ke luar premis pelanggan.
4. Tutup lubang dengan “plaster filling”.

FTB FTB

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FTTH Network In High Rise Residential Building

Scenario 1 Scenario 1

With SDF & Riser Room Riser Room

DP

SDF Room
DP
Scenario 2

Scenario 2
FDC Without SDF & Riser Room DP
Cable Trucking Telekom
DP

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Building Category Scenario 3

>Landed House
>Link House Banglow

Scenario 1

>5 Level
>7000sqf
>50 Customers

Scenario 2

<5 Level
<7000sqf
<50 Customers

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FTTH Test Gear & Fiber Testing

FTTH Test Gear & Equipment

FTTH Network Architect
Optical fiber cable
Closer
Splitting cable
ONU

TM Exchange
Home OLT
ONU
1310nm 1310nm 1490nm
LD
WWDM BF WDM FDC WDM FTTH Back Born
PD 1490nm 1625nm 1550nm
V-ONU
PD 1625nm V-OLT
1550nm
Fiber monitor

OLT : Optical Line Terminal

V-OLT : Video-Optical Line Terminal
1310nm： Digunakan untuk “Data Up load” dari ONU ke OLT
WDM :Wavelength Division Multiplexing
1490nm： Digunakan untuk “Data Download” dari OLT ke ONU
FDC : Fiber Distribution Cabinet
WWDM : Wide Wavelength Division Multiplexing
1550nm： Digunakan untuk “RF Broadcast Signal”
V-ONU : Video Optical Network Unit 1625nm： Digunakan untuk “Monitoring Systems” dalam rangkainan 60
BF (Band pass Filter)

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FTTH Test Gear & Equipment

Optical PON Power Meter

An optical power meter (OPM) is a device used to measure the power in

an optical signal

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FTTH Test Gear & Equipment

Visual Fault Locator (VFL)

to identify the exact location of a break, micro bend, or other discontinuity

in a fiber optic cable.

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Fiber Optic Tools Kits & Equipment

Fiber Inspection Probes
Types of Contamination
A fiber end face should be free any contamination or detects, as shown below

Single mode Fiber

Common types of contamination and detects include the following

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FTTH Test Gear & Equipment

Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)
Function ODTR
1. Fault Locator (Fiber Break)
2. Fiber Optic Length
3. Fiber Loss & Attenuation
4. Light Source
5. Optical Power meter
6. Macro Bending

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Fiber Testing
Fiber Output Power

decibel-milliwatt - dBm
• The dBm is used to measure the output power of a light source

Fiber optic Instrument

reading
- 3.50 dBm

Detector

Laser source

 We know that the laser’s output is -3.50 dBm

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Fiber Testing
Fiber Losses
Estimate Loss For Optical Fiber Cable per-kilometer for FTTH Cable

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Fiber Testing
Fiber Losses
1. Insertion Loss (IL)
a) Signal power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line.
b) Type IL like Splice Loss, Connector Loss, Distance Loss,
Macro Bending, Slitter Loss.
c) Optical Fiber and is usually expressed in decibels (dB)

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Fiber Testing
Fiber Losses
2. Optical Return Loss (ORL)
a) The loss of power in the signal returned/reflected by a discontinuity in a transmission line.
b) Reading ORL >50dB. Height reading ORL best for Video Signal.
c) It is usually expressed as a ratio in decibels (dB).

FTB-200

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Fiber Testing
Fiber Losses
3. Macro Bending
Macro bending losses are due to physical bends in the fiber that are large in
relation to fiber diameter.
Loss of -1.25 dB

Critical angle not

respected

-4.75 dBm

The minimal radius of curvature -3.50 dBm

for singlemode is 3 cm
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Fiber Testing
Fiber Losses
Location Area Macro Bending

Fiber Optic Closures (FOC)

Fiber Distribution Point (FDP)

Fiber Termination Box (FTB)

Fiber Wall Socket (FWS)
Macro bending can be detected at FTTH Network 70

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Fiber Testing
Fiber Losses
4. Micro Bending Micro bending are created during fabrication
or due excessive bending
They create very minimal loss but can deteriorate the signal with time

Loss -0.25 dB

-3.50 dBm -3.75 dBm

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Thank You

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