Chapter-1: Indian Constitution

What is a constitution

 A country is governed on the basis of some rules and principles. They

determine the structure of the government, its powers and functions,
the rights of the people, and so on. The rules and principles which
determine how a country is governed and which give its citizens certain
rights form the constitution of the country.

Why should a country have a constitution?

 The constitution of a country tells its citizens what kind of society they
live in and what values their society upholds.
 It tells the citizens what type of government they have. It defines the
powers of the government so that the government cannot misuse its
authority.
 The constitution defines the rights of the citizens too, so that they cannot
break laws, exploit other citizens or be exploited by others. Many
constitutions have provisions that seek to prevent majority groups from
violating the rights of minorities.

India's Constitution

 India has its own constitution. This constitution was prepared by the
Constituent Assembly, a group of about 300 people specially elected for
the purpose.
 The Assembly consisted of members of different political parties,
representatives of the minorities and the weaker sections of the
society, and legal experts.
 The Assembly first met on 9 December 1946, and completed its work on
26 November 1949.
 The constitution framed by the Assembly came into force on 26
January 1950.
Vision and Values of the Indian Constitution

 The framers of India's constitution had the vision of a rapidly

progressing India. To realise this vision, they set forth certain values in
our constitution. These values are stated in the Preamble.

The Preamble

 India's constitution begins with an introduction called the Preamble.

 The Preamble states the ideals that the nation should follow.
 The Preamble reads asfollows: -

“We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute

India into a SOVEREIN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE social, economic
and political LIBERTY of thought expression, belief, faith and worship
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity: and to promote among them all:
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and
integrity of the Nation: IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this
twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT ENACT
AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION”.

The significance of some of the expressions used in the Preamble

 Power of the people- The words "We the people of India do hereby
adopt, enact and give to ourselves this constitution” imply that our
constitution has been prepared and given authority by the
representatives of the people. The constitution is the supreme
document of our country. Since it draws its authority from the people,
the people have the ultimate power.
 Sovereign- India is a sovereign nation. This means that it is
independent and has the right to take its own decisions in all matters,
internal and external.
 Socialist- India's constitution upholds the ideal of socialism, which seeks
to give everyone equal opportunities to use the country's resources. In
the long run, this will help reduce the gap between the rich and the
poor.
 Secular- India is a secular country. This means that all religions are
treated equally in India. There is no state religion. So, no religion is
considered more important than others. (Here, 'state' does not mean the
government. It means a sovereign and organised group of people who
live within a definite territory such as a country and are administered
by one government. So, if we could think of the state as an
organisation, the government would be its management team).
 Democratic- The people of India participate in governance through
representatives elected by the adult population of the country.
Elections are held regularly, and the people can change a government
they are not satisfied with it. Hence, India is a democratic country.
 Republic- The constitution of India provides for an elected head of state
who is known as the president. The president serves for a fixed term and
his office not hereditary, Thus, India is a republic.
 Justice- The framers of our constitution wanted to build a society in
which everyone gets Justice (fair treatment). Our constitution has
provided for the fair and equal treatment of all citizens before the law.
 The constitution also seeks to ensure economic and social justice by
reducing inequalities of wealth and social status. To achieve this, the
constitution has provisions for giving extra help and facilities to the
weaker sections of society. For example, to improve the social and
economic status of the former untouchables, listed as Scheduled Castes
(SCs), the exploited tribes, listed as Scheduled Tribes (STs), and the
Other Backward Classes (OBCs), the constitution allows reservations to
be made for these groups in jobs, educational institutions, etc.
  Our constitution promotes liberty (freedom), equality and fraternity
(brotherhood) because these are essential for building a just society.
 Liberty- The citizens of India have been given the liberty to express their
opinions freely, to follow their own beliefs and to choose their own
professions.
 Equality- In India, all citizens are equal before the law. Besides, any
form of discrimination is illegal and punishable by law. Thus, followers
of different religions, the rich and the poor, men and women are all
entitled to equal rights and opportunities.
 Fraternity- India is a land of diverse people. Within the country, there
are a large number of groups having different cultures, traditions and
languages. To ensure that they can all live in harmony as one nation, it is
important to develop the sense of brotherhood among them. So, the
constitution promotes fraternity to strengthen the unity and integrity
of the nation. The constitution also aims to remove caste
discrimination, untouchability and all other practices that threaten
the dignity of individuals and give rise to ill feeling among different
sections of the society.

Importance of the Preamble

 The Preamble reflects the vision and the aims of the founding fathers
of India's constitution. Even though it cannot be enforced by law, it is
an important document because it states the goals before the nation
and thus guides the policy makers.
 All laws of the country must uphold the basic values stated in the
Preamble.
 A law that is against the spirit of the constitution is vold.

Some Important Features of the Indian Constitution

 Federal Structure: -
  India, including all its states, is governed by one central government
which is called the union government. It deals in the matters of national
importance.
 However, every state has its own special needs and it is not possible for
the union government to take care of all these needs. So, we have
government at the state level as well. The state government's job is to
make and give effect to laws that meet the special needs of the state.
 A system of the government, in which individual states have control over
their own affairs but they are controlled by a central government in
matters of national importance, is called a federal system.
 There is separation of powers between the union government and the
state governments. The constitution contains three lists of subjects-the
Union List, on which the union government makes laws, the State List,
on which the state governments make laws, and the Concurrent List, on
which the union and state governments share the power to make laws.

Three Organs of Government

 The government works through three organs, or branches-a legislature,

which makes new laws, an executive, which gives effect to the laws, and
a Judiciary, which interprets the laws.
 There is a balance of power among the three organs to check the misuse
of authority.
 The Judiciary, which is responsible for protecting the citizens' rights and
preventing the violation of the constitution, is independent of the other
organs of government. It can even give verdicts against them.
 The executive is answerable to the legislature, which is elected by the
people. This is possible only in a parliamentary form of government.
This is one of the reasons why the framers of India's constitution chose
this particular form of government for India.
Parliamentary Form of Government

 India has a parliamentary form of government.

 In such a system, the legislature and the executive are closely linked.
 In India, the prime minister and other ministers who hold the real powers
of the executive are members of the legislature.

Universal Adult Franchise

 India has universal adult franchise. Hence, every adult citizen can vote no
matter what his or her race, religion, language, caste, wealth, sex or level
of education may be.
 Moreover, every person's vote carries equal weight regardless of his or
her social or economic status.

Fundamental Rights and Duties

 India's constitution gives all Indian citizens certain rights which are
considered essential for their well-being. These rights are called
Fundamental Rights.
 These rights are guaranteed by the constitution and can be enforced by
the courts.
 The constitution also mentions certain duties that every citizen is
expected to do for the nation. These duties are called Fundamental
Duties.

Directive Principles of State Policy

 All the ideals of the constitution cannot be translated into laws at once.
Knowing this, the framers of our constitution laid down certain guidelines
for future governments, for the gradual translation of ideals into laws.
These guidelines are called Directive Principles of State Policy.
 When a government wants to give effect to a Directive Principle, it passes
a law to that effect.
 There are various types of Directive Principles- those that promote
economic justice, those that promote welfare and social justice, those that
strengthen the democratic system, those that seek to preserve our natural
and cultural heritage, and those that are related to foreign policy.
 Like the Preamble, the Directive Principles cannot be enforced by law.
Though it is the government's duty to follow these principles while
framing policies, the government cannot be sued in a court if it fails to do
so.
 Chapter-1: Indian Constitution

Important points-

 A country is governed on the basis of some rules and principles. They

determine the structure of the government, its powers and functions,
the rights of the people, and so on.
 The rules and principles which determine how a country is governed
and which give its citizens certain rights form the constitution of the
country.
 The constitution of a country tells its citizens what kind of society they
live in and what values their society upholds.
 It tells the citizens what type of government they have. It defines the
powers of the government so that the government cannot misuse its
authority.
 The constitution defines the rights of the citizens too, so that they cannot
break laws, exploit other citizens or be exploited by others. Many
constitutions have provisions that seek to prevent majority groups from
violating the rights of minorities.
 India has its own constitution. This constitution was prepared by the
Constituent Assembly, a group of about 300 people specially elected for
the purpose.
 The Assembly consisted of members of different political parties,
representatives of the minorities and the weaker sections of the
society, and legal experts.
 The Assembly first met on 9 December 1946, and completed its work on
26 November 1949.
 The constitution framed by the Assembly came into force on 26
January 1950.
 The framers of India's constitution had the vision of a rapidly
progressing India. To realise this vision, they set forth certain values in
our constitution. These values are stated in the Preamble.
 India's constitution begins with an introduction called the Preamble.
 The Preamble states the ideals that the nation should follow.
 The Preamble reads as follows: -

“We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute

India into a SOVEREIN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE social, economic
and political LIBERTY of thought expression, belief, faith and worship
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity: and to promote among them all:
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and
integrity of the Nation: IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this
twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT ENACT
AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION”.
 Power of the people- The words "We the people of India do hereby
adopt, enact and give to ourselves this constitution” imply that our
constitution has been prepared and given authority by the
representatives of the people. The constitution is the supreme
document of our country. Since it draws its authority from the people,
the people have the ultimate power.
 Sovereign- India is a sovereign nation. This means that it is
independent and has the right to take its own decisions in all matters,
internal and external.
 Socialist- India's constitution upholds the ideal of socialism, which seeks
to give everyone equal opportunities to use the country's resources. In
the long run, this will help reduce the gap between the rich and the
poor.
 Secular- India is a secular country. This means that all religions are
treated equally in India. There is no state religion. So, no religion is
considered more important than others. (Here, 'state' does not mean the
government. It means a sovereign and organised group of people who
live within a definite territory such as a country and are administered
by one government. So, if we could think of the state as an
organisation, the government would be its management team).
 Democratic- The people of India participate in governance through
representatives elected by the adult population of the country.
Elections are held regularly, and the people can change a government
they are not satisfied with it. Hence, India is a democratic country.
 Republic- The constitution of India provides for an elected head of state
who is known as the president. The president serves for a fixed term and
his office not hereditary, Thus, India is a republic.
 Justice- The framers of our constitution wanted to build a society in
which everyone gets Justice (fair treatment). Our constitution has
provided for the fair and equal treatment of all citizens before the law.
 The constitution also seeks to ensure economic and social justice by
reducing inequalities of wealth and social status. To achieve this, the
constitution has provisions for giving extra help and facilities to the
weaker sections of society. For example, to improve the social and
economic status of the former untouchables, listed as Scheduled Castes
(SCs), the exploited tribes, listed as Scheduled Tribes (STs), and the
Other Backward Classes (OBCs), the constitution allows reservations to
be made for these groups in jobs, educational institutions, etc.
 Our constitution promotes liberty (freedom), equality and fraternity
(brotherhood) because these are essential for building a just society.
 Liberty- The citizens of India have been given the liberty to express their
opinions freely, to follow their own beliefs and to choose their own
professions.
 Equality- In India, all citizens are equal before the law. Besides, any
form of discrimination is illegal and punishable by law. Thus, followers
of different religions, the rich and the poor, men and women are all
entitled to equal rights and opportunities.
 Fraternity- India is a land of diverse people. Within the country, there
are a large number of groups having different cultures, traditions and
languages. To ensure that they can all live in harmony as one nation, it is
important to develop the sense of brotherhood among them. So, the
constitution promotes fraternity to strengthen the unity and integrity
of the nation. The constitution also aims to remove caste
discrimination, untouchability and all other practices that threaten
the dignity of individuals and give rise to ill feeling among different
sections of the society.
 The Preamble reflects the vision and the aims of the founding fathers
of India's constitution. Even though it cannot be enforced by law, it is
an important document because it states the goals before the nation
and thus guides the policy makers.
 All laws of the country must uphold the basic values stated in the
Preamble.
 A law that is against the spirit of the constitution is vold.
 India, including all its states, is governed by one central government
which is called the union government. It deals in the matters of national
importance.
 However, every state has its own special needs and it is not possible for
the union government to take care of all these needs. So, we have
government at the state level as well. The state government's job is to
make and give effect to laws that meet the special needs of the state.
 A system of the government, in which individual states have control over
their own affairs but they are controlled by a central government in
matters of national importance, is called a federal system.
 There is separation of powers between the union government and the
state governments. The constitution contains three lists of subjects-the
Union List, on which the union government makes laws, the State List,
on which the state governments make laws, and the Concurrent List, on
which the union and state governments share the power to make laws.
 The government works through three organs, or branches-a legislature,
which makes new laws, an executive, which gives effect to the laws, and
a Judiciary, which interprets the laws.
 There is a balance of power among the three organs to check the misuse
of authority.
 The Judiciary, which is responsible for protecting the citizens' rights and
preventing the violation of the constitution, is independent of the other
organs of government. It can even give verdicts against them.
 The executive is answerable to the legislature, which is elected by the
people. This is possible only in a parliamentary form of government.
This is one of the reasons why the framers of India's constitution chose
this particular form of government for India.
 India has a parliamentary form of government.
 In parliamentary system, the legislature and the executive are closely
linked.
 In India, the prime minister and other ministers who hold the real powers
of the executive are members of the legislature.
 India has universal adult franchise. Hence, every adult citizen can vote no
matter what his or her race, religion, language, caste, wealth, sex or level
of education may be.
 Moreover, every person's vote carries equal weight regardless of his or
her social or economic status.
 India's constitution gives all Indian citizens certain rights which are
considered essential for their well-being. These rights are called
Fundamental Rights.
 These rights are guaranteed by the constitution and can be enforced by
the courts.
 The constitution also mentions certain duties that every citizen is
expected to do for the nation. These duties are called Fundamental
Duties.
 All the ideals of the constitution cannot be translated into laws at once.
Knowing this, the framers of our constitution laid down certain guidelines
for future governments, for the gradual translation of ideals into laws.
These guidelines are called Directive Principles of State Policy.
 When a government wants to give effect to a Directive Principle, it passes
a law to that effect.
 There are various types of Directive Principles- those that promote
economic justice, those that promote welfare and social justice, those that
strengthen the democratic system, those that seek to preserve our natural
and cultural heritage, and those that are related to foreign policy.
 Like the Preamble, the Directive Principles cannot be enforced by law.
Though it is the government's duty to follow these principles while
framing policies, the government cannot be sued in a court if it fails to do
so.
 The rules and principles which determine how a country is governed and
which give its citizens certain rights form the constitution of the country.
 India's constitution came into force on 26 January 1950.
 India's constitution begins with an introduction called the Preamble,
which states the ideals that the nation should follow.
 The Preamble declares that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular,
democratic republic.
 The Preamble aims to give justice, liberty and equality to all the citizens
of India. It aims to promote fraternity to preserve the unity and integrity
of the nation and to give dignity to every individual.
 The Preamble cannot be enforced by law, but the laws of our country
uphold the basic values stated in the Preamble.
 Some important features of the Indian constitution are federal structure of
government, three organs of government, parliamentary form of
government, universal adult franchise, Fundamental Rights and Duties,
and Directive Principles of State Policy.
 While the Fundamental Rights can be enforced by law, but the Directive
Principles cannot. Directive Principles are given effect through laws
passed by the government
 Chapter-1: Indian Constitution

A. Answer the following questions.

1. What is a constitution? On what basis, a country is governed?

2. Why should a country have a constitution?

3. What constitution defines about the right of the citizens?

4. Whether India has its own constitution or not? If yes, who prepared the

Indian constitution and when?

5. Whether Indian constitution has any vision and values? If yes, please tell

in detail.

6. What do you know about the Preamble? Write the Preamble and describe

its significance expression used in the Preamble?

7. What does it mean "We the people of India do hereby adopt, enact and

give to ourselves this constitution”

8. What do you know about ‘Sovereign’? Whether India is a sovereign

country? Please discuss about it means.

9. What do you understanding about ‘Socialist’? Please describe whether

the Indian constitution upholds the ideals of socialism?

10. Whether India is a secular country or not? What do you understand about

Secularism?

11. Whether India is a democratic country or not? Please discuss in details?

12. What do you understand about ‘Republic’? Whether India is a Republic

country or not?
13. What is ‘Justice’ mentioned in the Preamble? What do you know about

economic and social justice?

14.Please explain abut liberty (freedom), equality and fraternity

(brotherhood)?

15.Please mention about the importance of the Preamble ? Why Preamble is

considered an important document?

16. Whether Preamble can be enforced by law?

17. Whether any law which is against the spirit of the constitution is void or

not?

18. What do you understand about ‘Federal Structure’?

19. What do you understanding about separation of powers between the

Union and State Governments? Please explain in detail.

20. What are three organs of the Government? Please explain in detail.

21. Why balance of power among the three organs of the Government is

required?

22. For what, Judiciary is responsible ? Whether it is independent or not?

23. Who is answerable to the legislature in the parliamentary form of the

Government and why ?

24.What do you understand about the Parliamentary form of the Government

in India?

25. What do you understand about ‘Universal Adult Franchise’?

26. What are Fundamental Rights?

27. What do you understand about ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’?

28. Who framed India's constitution?

29.According to India's constitution, what are the three kinds of justice that

citizens should get?

30.What does the constitution promote in order to strengthen the unity and

integrity of the nation?

31.Name the three organs of India's government.

32.Which rights of Indian citizens can be enforced by the courts?

33.What are Fundamental Duties?

34.What is a constitution?

35.What is the Preamble?

36.Why does our constitution uphold the ideal of socialism?

37.How are ideals of the constitution given effect?

38.What are the Directive Principles of State Policy?

39.Why should a country have a constitution?

40.Why is it important to promote fraternity in India?

41.There is a balance of power among the three organs of government.

Justify this statement. Why is this necessary?

42.Why is it important for a constitution to define the powers of the

government?

43.Why are elections important in a democracy?

44.India is both a democracy and a republic. Justify this statement.

B. Fill in the blanks.

 A country is governed on the basis of some ......... and ................. They

determine the ...................... of the ...................., its ..............

and ..................., the ............. of the ................., and so on.

 The rules and principles which determine how a country is governed

and which give its citizens certain rights

..........................................................................

 The constitution of a country tells its citizens what kind of society

they ............... and what ................ their society ......................

 Constitution tells the citizens what type of .................... they have. It

defines the .............................................................. so that the government

cannot ....................... its .........................

 The constitution defines the ....................................... too, so that they

cannot break ................., ................... other citizens or be exploited

by ....................... Many constitutions have provisions that seek

to .................. majority groups from violating

the ..........................................................

 India has its ........................................ This constitution was prepared by

the ............................................................., a group of about 300 people

specially ....................... for the purpose.

 The Assembly consisted of members of different ..........................,

representatives of the ............................ and the weaker sections of

the .............................., and ...........................

 The Assembly first met on ......................................, and completed its

work on .......................................

 The constitution framed by the Assembly came into force

on ......................................

 The framers of India's constitution had the vision of a

.............................................. To realise this vision, they set forth

certain .................... in our constitution. These values are stated in

the ...........................

 India's constitution begins with an introduction called

the ........................

 The Preamble states the ..................... that the nation should .................

 The Preamble reads as follows: -

“We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute

India into a ....................... ..................... ....................... ............................

........................... and to secure to all its

citizens: ...................... ................., ............................

and ......................... .................. of thought expression, belief, faith and

worship ................. of status and of opportunity: and to promote among

 them all: .................... assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity

and integrity of the Nation: IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

this ...................... day of November, ...................., do

HEREBY ................ .................... AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS

CONSTITUTION”.

 Power of the people- The words "We the people of India do hereby

adopt, enact and give to ourselves this constitution” imply that our

constitution has been prepared and given

................................................................................................... The

constitution is the ............................................................................... Since

it draws its authority from the ......................, the people have

the .....................................

 Sovereign- India is a sovereign nation. This means that it is

........................ and has the right to take its ........................................ in

all matters, ................. and .........................

 Socialist- India's constitution upholds the ideal of socialism, which seeks

to give everyone ....................................... to use the country's resources.

In the long run, this will help reduce the ..................... between

the ...................and the ..........................

 Secular- India is a secular country. This means that all religions are

treated .................... in India. There is no ........................ So, no religion

is considered more important than others. (Here, 'state' does not mean
 the ...................... It means a ................... and ....................... group of

people who live within a .................................. such as a country and

are administered by one ....................... So, if we could think of the

state as an organisation, the government would be

its ...............................................).

 Democratic- The people of India participate in governance through

representatives ................ by the ......................... population of the

country. Elections are held .................., and the people can change

a .................................if they are not satisfied with it. Hence, India is

a ........................... country.

 Republic- The constitution of India provides for an ................. head of

state who is known as the ...................... The president serves for a fixed

term and his office is not ............................, Thus, India is a republic.

 Justice- The framers of our constitution wanted to build a society in

which everyone gets ..................... (fair treatment). Our constitution has

provided for the .................. and ................treatment of all citizens

before the .....................

 The constitution also seeks to ensure ....................... and ...................

justice by reducing ............................ of .................... and ..................

status. To achieve this, the constitution has provisions for giving extra

help and facilities to the ............. sections of society. For example, to

improve the social and economic status of the former ......................,

listed as Scheduled Castes (SCs), the ................. tribes, listed as

 Scheduled Tribes (STs), and the Other Backward Classes (OBCs), the

constitution allows ......................... to be made for these groups

in ................., ............................. institutions, etc.

 Our constitution promotes ......................... (freedom), .........................

and ............................. (brotherhood) because these are essential for

building a just society.

 Liberty- The citizens of India have been given the liberty

to ....................... their ....................... freely, to follow their

own ...................... and to choose their own ...................................

 Equality- In India, all citizens are ...................... before the law. Besides,

any form of ............................ is illegal and punishable by law. Thus,

followers of different religions, the rich and the poor, men and women are

all entitled to ......................... ........................... and ................................

 Fraternity- India is a land of ........................ people. Within the country,

there are a large number of groups having

different ....................., ......................... and .................... To ensure that

they can all live in ........................ as one nation, it is important to

develop the sense of .......................... among them. So, the constitution

promotes ...................... to strengthen the ...................

and ....................... of the nation. The constitution also aims to

remove ....................... ............................, ........................ and all other

practices that threaten the ................... of ..................... and give rise to

...................... among different .................... of the society.

 The Preamble reflects the ...................... and the .................. of

the ........................... of India's constitution. Even though it cannot be

enforced by law, it is an .............................. because it states the .............

before the nation and thus guides the .................................

 All laws of the country must uphold the basic ..................... stated in

the .............................

 A law that is against the spirit of the ......................... is .............................

 India, including all its states, is governed by one central government

which is called the ......................... government. It deals in the matters of

............................ importance.

 However, every state has its own special .................... and it is not

possible for the union government to take care of all these needs. So, we

have government at the state level as well. The state government's job is

to make and give effect to .................. that meet the special needs of

the .........................

 A system of the government, in which individual states have control over

their ................. affairs but they are ..................... by a ...................

government in matters of national importance, is called a .....................l

system.

 There is separation of powers between the union government and the

state governments. The constitution contains ................ lists of subjects-

the .................. List, on which the union government makes laws, the

...................... List, on which the state governments make laws, and the
 ......................... List, on which the ................. and .....................

governments share the power to make laws.

 The government works through .............. organs, or branches- a

......................, which makes new laws, an .................., which gives effect

to the laws, and a ..............., which interprets the laws.

 There is a balance of .................. among the three organs to check

the ............... of authority.

 The Judiciary, which is responsible for .............. the citizens' rights and

preventing the ................... of the constitution, is ............... of the other

organs of government. It can even give .............. against them.

 The ................. is answerable to the legislature, which is elected by

the ............. This is possible only in a .............. form of government. This

is one of the reasons why the framers of India's constitution chose this

particular form of government for India.

 India has a ...............form of government.

 In parliamentary system, the legislature and the executive are

closely ...............

 In India, the prime minister and other ministers who hold the real powers

of the executive are members of the ..................

 India has universal ........................ Hence, every adult citizen can vote no

matter what his or

 her ..........., ................, .................... .............., ................., .................. or

level of .................. may be.

 Moreover, every person's vote carries ........................ regardless of his or

her ....................... or .................... status.

 India's constitution gives all Indian citizens certain ............. which are

considered ................. for their well-being. These rights are called

................... Rights. These rights are guaranteed by the .................... and

can be enforced by the ..........................

 The constitution also mentions certain ................. that every citizen is

expected to do for the nation. These duties are called .......................

Duties.

 All the ideals of the constitution cannot be translated into laws at once.

Knowing this, the framers of our constitution laid down certain guidelines

for future governments, for the gradual translation of ideals into ...............

These guidelines are called ..................... ................. of .........................

 When a government wants to give effect to a ........................, it passes

a ............... to that effect.

 There are various types of Directive Principles- those that

promote .................. justice, those that promote ...................and ................

justice, those that strengthen the .................. system, those that seek to

preserve our ................ and .................. heritage, and those that are related

to ................... policy.
 Like the Preamble, the ........................... cannot be enforced by law.

Though it is the government's duty to follow these principles

while ............................, the government cannot be sued in

a ...................if it fails to do so.

 The rules and principles which determine how a country is governed and

which give its citizens certain rights form the ................ of the country.

 India's ...................... came into force on 26 January 1950.

 India's constitution begins with an introduction called the ...................,

which states the ideals that the nation should follow.

 The Preamble declares that India is

a ....................., ..................., ..................., ...........................................

 The Preamble aims to give .................., ................... and ........................

to all the citizens of India. It aims to promote ................. to preserve

the ................ and ............................ of the nation and to

give ...................... to every .........................

 The ............................. cannot be enforced by law, but the ................... of

our country .................. the basic values stated in the Preamble.

 Some important features of the Indian constitution are .............. structure

of government, .............. organs of government, .................. form of

government, ..................... adult franchise, ..................... Rights and

Duties, and ......................... of State Policy.

  While the .............................. can be enforced by law, but

the ................................... cannot. ................................ are given effect

through ........................ passed by the government.

 India's constitution came into force on...... January in the year…………

 India's constitution draws its authority from the...... of India.

 The ideal of …………..seeks to provide everyone with equal

opportunities.

 A ……………..country has no official religion.

 A country is a...... if it has an elected head of state.

 ….. ...... are considered essential for the well-being of citizens.

C. State whether the following statements are true or false.

1. The Preamble states the ideals that the nation must follow.

2. A law that is against the spirit of the constitution is vold.

3. Indian citizens participate in the governance of their country by

exercising their right to vote.

4. The Preamble and the Directive Principles can be directly enforced by

law.

5. Hunting wild animals violates the Directive Principle for preserving our

natural and cultural heritage.