THE ANTI-TERRORISM ACT OF

2020 

(R.A. 11479)
 Jose M. I. Diokno - All Rights Reserved

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Anong dapat natin malaman tungkol sa ATA of 2020?

• Nagkabisa noong 22 July 2020

• Bagong depinisyon ng terorismo
• 7 na bagong krimen
• Mga bagong kapangyarihan na binigay sa
ATC
• Mga tinanggal na safeguard o proteksyon
• Mga kuwestiyonable o delikadong
probisyon
HSA: Terrorism.- Any person who commits any of
the following RPC crimes:
• Piracy and Mutiny,
• Rebellion or Insurrection,
• Coup d' Etat,
• Murder,
• Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention,
• Crimes Involving Destruction:
• Arson,
• Toxic Substances and Hazardous
and Nuclear Waste Control Act of
1990,
• Atomic Energy Regulatory and
Liability Act of 1968,
• Anti-Hijacking Law,
• Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway
Robbery Law of 1974,
• Illegal Possession of FA &
Explosives,
• thereby sowing and creating a condition of
widespread and extraordinary fear and panic
among the populace,
• in order to coerce the government to give in to
an unlawful demand.
• Penalty: 40 years imprisonment, without
parole.
ATA: Terrorism is committed by any person who, within or outside the
Philippines, regardless of the stage of execution—
• Engages in acts intended to cause
• death or serious bodily injury to any person, or endangers a
person’s life,
• extensive damage or destruction to a government or public
facility, public place or private property,
• extensive interference with, damage or destruction to critical
infrastructure,
• Develops, manufactures, possesses, acquires, transports, supplies
or uses weapons, explosives or of biological, nuclear, radiological
or chemical weapons, and
• Releases dangerous substances, or causes fire, floods or
explosions,
• when the purpose of such act, by its nature and context, is to:
• intimidate the general public or a segment thereof,
• create an atmosphere or spread a message of fear,
• provoke or influence by intimidation the government or any
international organizations,
• seriously destabilize or destroy the fundamental political,
economic, or social structures of the country,
• create a public emergency, or
• seriously undermine public safety.
• Penalty: life imprisonment without parole.
 Jose M. I. Diokno - All Rights Reserved

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May dagdag na clause sa pinalawak na depinisyon ng terorismo:

• “Provided, That, terrorism…shall not include advocacy, protest, dissent, stoppage

of work, industrial or mass action, and other similar exercises of civil and political
rights, which are not intended to cause death or serious physical harm to a
person, to endanger a person’s life, or to create a serious risk to public safety.”
 5
Anong bago sa depinisyon ng terorismo?
• Pwede maging terorismo kahit walang predicate crime;

• Pwede maging terorismo kahit walang dulot na pagpatay o malawak na pinsala o panggugulo;

• Pwede maging terorismo kahit walang paghahasik ng laganap at kakaibang takot (Mula “…thereby sowing and creating
widespread and extraordinary fear and panic among the populace” , naging “create an atmosphere or spread a message of fear”)

• Pwede maging terorismo kahit hindi layunin na pwersahin ang gobyerno na gawin ang isang bagay na labag sa batas (Tinanggal
ang “…in order to coerce the government to give in to an unlawful demand”);

• Pinarami ang mga layunin na pwedeng maturing na terorismo:

• Takutin ang publiko o bahagi nito;
• Maghasik ng takot;
• Impluwensiyahan gamit ang takot ang gobyerno o kahit anong international organization;
• Isabotahe o sirain ang mga istrukturang pampulitika, pang-ekonomiya, at panlipunan sa bansa
• Magdulot ng pampublikong emergency; o
• Ilagay sa alanganin ang kaligtasan ng publiko

•
 Jose M. I. Diokno - All Rights Reserved

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Anong ibig sabihin ng “critical infrastructure”?
• “An asset or system, whether physical or virtual, so essential to the maintenance of vital societal
functions or to the delivery of essential public services that the incapacity or destruction of such
systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on national defense and security, national
economy, public health or safety, the administration of justice, and other functions analogous
thereto…”
• Ibig sabihin, kasama kahit anong asset o sistema na makakaapekto sa—
• telco,
• tubig at kuryente,
• emergency services,
• pagkain,
• suplay ng gasolina,
• pananalapi,
• transportasyon,
• radyo at TV,
• information systems and technology, at
• chemical at nuclear sectors.
 Jose M. I. Diokno - All Rights Reserved

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Saan naman galing ang depinisyon na ito?

• Galing sa panukalang UN Convention on International Terrorism (1996,

India) na hanggang ngayon ay hindi pa naaaprubahan

• Hindi nagkakasundo ang mga miyembro ng UN sa depinisyon ng terorismo

• “One person’s freedom fighters are another’s terrorists."

• Sa buong mundo, lagpas 100 na ang depinisyon ng terorismo.

 PROPOSED UN CONVENTION
Any person commits an offence within
the meaning of the present Convention if
that person, by any means, unlawfully
and intentionally, causes:
• (a)  Death or serious bodily injury to
any person; or
• (b)  Serious damage to public or private
property, including a place of public
• use, a State or government facility, a
public transportation system, an
infrastructure facility or to the
environment; or
• (c) Damage to property, places,
facilities or systems referred to in
paragraph 1 (b) of the present article
resulting or likely to result in major
economic loss;
• when the purpose of the conduct, by its
nature or context, is:
• to intimidate a population, or
• to compel a Government or an
international organization to do or
to abstain from doing any act.
RA 11479
Any person who…regardless of the stage of
execution:
• Engages in acts intended to cause death or
serious bodily injury, to endanger a person’s life,
to cause extensive damage to property, or
extensive interference with or damage to critical
infrastructure;
• Develops, uses, etc. WMD, or releases dangerous
substances, or causes fire, floods, etc.;
• when the purpose of such act, by its nature and
context, is to—
• intimidate the general public or a segment
thereof,
• create an atmosphere or spread a message
of fear,
• provoke or influence by intimidation the
government or any international
organizations,
• seriously destabilize or destroy the
fundamental political, economic, or social
structures of the country,
• create a public emergency, or
• seriously undermine public safety.
 Jose M. I. Diokno - All Rights Reserved

9 Ano ang 7 na bagong krimen sa ATA?

ATA of 2020
Human Security Act
• 1. Terrorism
• 1. Terrorism
• 2. Conspiracy to commit terrorism
• 2. Conspiracy to commit terrorism
• 3. Threat to commit terrorism (pagbabanta)
---
• 4. Proposal to commit terrorism (pagmumungkahi)
• 5. Planning, training, preparing and facilitating the commission of
terrorism (pagpaplano, pagsasanay, paghahanda)
• 6. Inciting to commit terrorism (pag-udyok sa iba)
• 7. Recruitment and Membership in a Terrorist Organization (pag-anyayang
sumapi)
• 8. Foreign terrorist – (banyagang terorista)
• 9. Providing Material Support to Terrorists – (pagbibigay ng tulong sa mga
terorista)
 Jose M. I. Diokno - All Rights Reserved

• Inciting to Commit Terrorism:

10 • Penalizes “[a]ny person who, without taking any direct part in the commission of
terrorism, shall incite others to the execution of any of the acts specified in Section 4
hereof by means of speeches, proclamations, writings, emblems, banners or other
representations tending to the same end.”
• Planning, Training, Preparing and Facilitating the Commission of Terrorism:
• Unlawful “for any person to participate in the planning, training, preparation and
facilitation in the commission of terrorism, possessing objects connected with the
preparation for the commission of terrorism, or collecting or making documents
connected with the preparation of terrorism;”
• “Training” - The giving of instruction or teaching designed to impart a specific skill in
relation to terrorism…as opposed to general knowledge.
• Providing Material Support to Terrorists:
• Penalizes “[a]ny person who provides material support to any terrorist individual or
terrorist organization, association or group of persons committing any of the acts
punishable under Section 4 hereof or knowing that such individual or organization,
association or group of persons is committing or planning to commit such acts.”
• “Material support - any property or service, including financial securities, financial
services, lodging, training, expert advice or assistance, safehouse, communications
equipment, facilities, and transportation.
 Jose M. I. Diokno - All Rights Reserved

11 Anong mga safeguard o proteksyon ang tinanggal o binago?




HUMAN SECURITY ACT ANTI-TERRORISM ACT
• Sec. 62: suspendido ang HSA 1 buwan bago
• TINANGGAL
at 2 buwan pagkatapos ng eleksyon
• Sec. 18, 2nd par.: trabaho ng arresting officer
na dalhin ang inaresto sa pinakamalapit na • TINANGGAL
judge para masigurong walang “moral,
physical, or psychological torture” na
ginawa sa kanya bago pa man siya ikulong.
• Sec. 18: ang mga naaresto kahit walang • Sec. 29: pwede pahintulutan ng ATC ang
warrant ay pwede lang ikulong hanggang 3 pagkulong kahit walang warrant hanggang
araw kahit walang judicial charges. 24 na araw kahit walang judicial charges.
• Sec. 8: pwede lang manmanan ang mga
pinagsususpetsahang terorisa kung
• TINANGGAL
pumayag ang korte dahil walang ibang
mabisang paraan para makuha ang
ebidensiya.
 Jose M. I. Diokno - All Rights Reserved

12 Anong mga safeguard o proteksyon ang tinanggal o binago?




HUMAN SECURITY ACT ANTI-TERRORISM ACT
• Sec. 18: judicially authorized surveillance o • TINANGGAL
pagsuri ng bank deposits lang ang pwedeng
maging dahilan para sa warrantless arrest sa
mga pinagsususpetsahang terorista.
• Sec. 17: hindi pwedeng i-proscribe ang isang • Sec. 27: pwede maglabas ang CA ng
organisasyon kung walang notice o hearing. “Preliminary Order of Proscription” kahit walang
notice o hearing, at kahit ang basehan lang ay
• Sec. 18: civilian law enforcement personnel mga submission ng ATC.
lang ang may kapangyarihang mang-aresto at
magkulong. • Sec. 29: pwede na rin itong gawin ng military.
• Sec. 17: korte lang ang pwedeng mag-proscribe
o magdeklara na ang isang grupo ay terorista. • Sec. 25: may kapangyarihan ang ATC na
mag-“designate” ng mga tao o grupo na
• Sec.56: May Grievance Committee (binubuo ng
terorista kahit hindi naman korte at walang
Ombudsman, SolGen, DOJ Usec) para
tumanggap at sumuri ng mga reklamo sa pulis judicial power ang ATC.
at law enforcement sa pagpapatupad ng batas.
• TINANGGAL
 Jose M. I. Diokno - All Rights Reserved

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Anong mga probisyon ng ATA ang kuwestiyonable o delikado?


• 1. Inciting to Terrorism o pag-udyok sa iba na gumawa ng terorismo;

• 2. Providing material support o pagbibigay ng tulong sa mga terorista;

• 3. Planning, training, preparing and facilitating the commission of terrorism o pagpaplano,

pagsasanay, o paghahanda para sa terorismo;

• 4. Pag-aresto kahit walang warrant, at mas matagal na pagkulong kahit walang kaso;

• 5. Mga bagong kapangyarihan na binigay sa ATC:

• Kapangyarihan na payagan ang mas matagal na pagkulong kahit walang kaso;
• Kapangyarihan na itakdang terorista ang mga indibidwal o grupo, na magreresulta sa
pagmamanman, pag-freeze ng mga ari-arian, pag-aresto kahit walang warrant, at
pagkulong
 Jose M. I. Diokno - All Rights Reserved

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MARAMING SALAMAT PO.

#JUNKTERRORLAW