Agri Coaching Chandigarh

Agricultural
Extension
Most Important 500 facts
Note: Read & Learn these facts if you have covered everything from Notes & Test Series
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

1. Extension is two-way process between - farmer and Researcher.

2. Lab to land programme was launched in India on the occasion of ICAR gold-
en Jubilee celebration year in July 1979 for only one year and only run by
ICAR for farmers.
3. Any group of symbols that can be structured in a way that is meaningful to
someone is known as Code.
4. Step in extension teaching presented by the Wilson & Gallup such as
AIDCAS.
5. (Attention/ attraction, Interest, Desire, Conviction, action, satisfaction) re-
spetively.
6. Indian Jornal of extension education is published from IARI (New Delhi).
7. Communication process is stabilized by Feedback.
8. The credit for the success of KVK goes to Dr. Chandrika Prasad.
9. The spread of a new idea from its source of invention or creation to its ulti-
mate users or adopters is known as diffusion process.
10. Grow More Food Campaign was reviewed in 1948 by Thakurdass Commit-
tee.
11. The first bank to launch Kissan Credit Card is –PNB.
12. The ORP was launched in 1975 by the ICAR. The basic aim of ORP was to
demonstrate the technologies to the farmers and the extension workers on a
watershed basis to evoke community action and participation.
13. Concept of Agro-climatic Zone was introduced by NARP.
14. The word extension is derived from the latin roots 'ex' - meaning 'out' and
'tension ' meaning 'stretching'.
15. Learning by doing was given by – John Dev 1966.
16. National Instittue of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) at Hy-
derbad in 1986.
17. First Agriculture minister after Independent in India – Rafi Ahemed Kidwai.
18. Daniel Scheme (1903) or Model Village in Sundarban: In 1903 Sir. Daniel
Hamilton made a scheme of creating model villages in Bengal on cooperative
principles.
19. Extension term was given by – Voorhees.
20. Evaluation stage of adoption group discussion is most effective.
21. Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna (SGSY) was launched in 1April 1999.
22. Mazdoor Manzil was a key component in Nilokheri experiment.
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23. Firka Development Scheme was a government-sponsored scheme, first started

in the 34 firkas throughout Madras state, by T. Prakasam in 1946.
24. In 1921, Marthandam project was started at Travancore in Kerala
by Dr. Spencer Hatch.
25. National Agricultural Science Museum was Inaugurated on 3 Nov2004 by Dr.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
26. Bhoodan Movement was started by Vinoba Bhave in April 1951. Born spon-
taneously at an evening meeting in an Andhra Pradesh village, the movement
saw landowners gifting land to the landless.
27. ATMA an autonomous institute established at state level for providing con-
sultancy in project planning, appraisal, extension and management training.
28. Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Scheme was
launched during 2005-06. It aims at making extension system farmer
29. Cone of experience thohout edar dale but modified is by the Sheal.
30. Concept of Agro-climatic Zone was introduced by NARP.
31. A countrywide common eleven-digit Toll Free Number 1800-180-1551 has
been allotted for Kisan Call Centre.
32. Symposium is a short series of lectures, usually by 2-5 Speakers.
33. Provision of Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA) is a strategy for rural
development in India. This concept was given by former presi-
dent Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
34. IARI, New delhi was accorded the status of a Demeed university by the uni-
versity Grants Commission UCG in 1958.
35. The panchayati Raj Institution was set up on the recommendations of B. R.
Mehta Committee.
36. The first step in extension teaching is getting their attention.
37. The skill requirement for the members of DWACRA was met through
TRYSEM.
38. Khadi and village Industries commission was established in the year 1957.
39. National Food Security Mission (NFSM) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme
launched in August 2007.
40. 10-12 number in Flash card and it is example of Group method as well as
Non project and Visual Aids.
41. Drought prone area programme (DPAP) was first launched by GOI during
1973-74, to address special problems of drought prone areas. Based on the
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

recommendations of Hanumantha Rao committee (1994) the programme has

been under implementation on watershed basis since 1995. The allocation for
the programme is shared in the ratio of 75:25 between the centre and state.
42. Etawah pilot project first time started at Mahewa village in Etawah district in
U.P. by the Albert mayer 1948.
43. The first KVK, on a pilot basis, was established in 1974 at Pondicherry under
the administrative control of the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coim-
batore.
44. The e -Chaupal concept in extension delivery is promoted by ITC.
45. A full-fledged television channel (DD Kisan Channel) for the farmers was
launched on 26thMay 2015 by the Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi
as a new initiative for the inclusive growth of the farmers.
46. National Agriculture Research Project (NARP) was started in 1979.
47. Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is an innovative science-based institution
which undertakes vocational training of farmers, farm women and rural
youths
48. Krishi Vigyan kendras are one of the largest networks for scientific dissemi-
nation of agricultural technologies to the end users financially supported by
the – ICAR.
49. Krishi Vigyan Kendra function through assistance of State Government.
50. Krishi Vigyan Kendra is non-Mobile.
51. A farmer brings infected spikes of wheat to the subject.
52. The field demonstration conducted under close supervision of scientists OF
NARS is Front line demonstration.
53. Community development programme was initiated on the recommendation of
Balwant rai Mehta committee.
54. The basic unit of the “Integrated Rural Development Programme” is Family.
55. National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) Aajeevika was launched by
the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India in June
2011
56. RRB were set up under the recommendation of Narasimhan committee.
57. The Krishi Vigyan Kendras in the country are managed bythe ICAR institutes
and State Agricultural state Universities as well as NGOs.
58. Village is unit of Rural society.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

59. Agriculture extension education means Transferring experimental knowledge

to the field. E.g., Lab to Land project.
60. The Indian Journal of Agronomy is published Quarterly but Indian Farming
is
61. published from ICAR.
62. India Now Has 731 Krishi Vigyan Kendra.
63. The Communication act of sharing or exchanging information, ideas or feel-
ings.
64. Adult education, functional literacy, extension education, vocational educa-
tion is example of Non formal education.
65. Extension Education is Hetrogenous Process.
66. The model wherein human brain is equated with computer is called Analogue
model.
67. Father of extension is Dr. Seeman a knap but J.P. legans father of Extension
education in world .
68. Teaching is mainly horizontal and Informal education in Extension Education.
69. Community development programme was launched on October 2, 1952, the
birthday of Mahatma Gandhi.
70. The most important element in communication process is Receiver.
71. The basic principle of demonstration is learning by seeing and doing but see-
ing is believing principle of Result demonstration.
72. A Cooperaive society is an example of formal Groupbut extension is Infor-
mal group.
73. The ABC of Journalism is realted to – Accuracy, Brevity, Clarity.
74. The ABC of poster stands for – Attractive, brief, clear.
75. National Agricultrue Technology Project was funded by World Bank.
76. Telephone , office call , latter , form and home visit , agriculture clinic, re-
sult
77. demonstration is example of Individual or Interpersonal communication.
78. Concept of fixed stages of social change was given by William F.Ogburn.
79. Comprehensive crop Insurance scheme (CCIS) was first introduced in the
country in kharif 1985.
80. News paper, magazine, Exhibition, T.V., radio, movie, drama songs, bulle-
tins, Pamphlet, leafbooklet are media for Mass communication.
81. Round table discussion is called Panel.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

82. Method known as “Phillips 66 ” is Buzz session.

83. Institution Village Linkage Programme (IVLP) was started in 1994-95.
84. Communication is verbal and Nonverbal process.
85. The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (Universal Rural Employment Pro-
gramme) was a scheme launched by the Governement of India to gain the ob-
jective of providing gainful employment for the rural poor in 25 September
2001.
86. National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) is the Government sponsored
crop insurance scheme under implementation in the country since Rabi 1999-
2000.
87. The capital issued by a RRB, 50% shall be held by the central government,
15% by the concerned state government and 35% by the sponsor bank.
88. As a part of technology Mission on oilseeds and pulses, ICAR started fronti-
line demonstration in the year 1986.
89. The Pilot Project for linking of self-help groups with credit institutions was
done by NABARD.
90. In 1948, Indian Village Service scheme was proposed by WH wisher.
91. Under DWCRA programme the benefits were extended to Women.
92. The informal rules of behaviour based on habits and tradition is called as
Folkways.
93. Conversation of subject matter into these symbols is the process encoding.
94. Basic unit of extension work is famly, but Society is basic concept of sociolo-
gy.
95. Single line of command is one of the special features of T & V System.
96. The Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed award was given for outstanding agriculture re-
search in Tribal areas.
97. National extension service had been started from 2nd October 1953.
98. Vasantrao Naik award is given water conservation and dry land farming.
99. Extension education is an educational process.
100. Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s are sponsored by ICAR.
101. The project started to rehabilitate the refugees from Pakistan during partition
is Nilokheri project.
102. The word “Penyuluhan” is used for extension in Indonesia, and it means
Lighting the pathway.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

103. Initiation of the first All-India Co-ordinated Research Project started on

Maize in 1957.
104. Message carrier in communication process is called Channel.
105. Funds of Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna is shared between central
and state Governments in the Proportion of 75: 25.
106. Adult education, functional literacy, extension education, Vocational educa-
tion are example of Non – formal education.
107. The smallest meaningfull unit of speech is called Morphemes.
108. Leaner is the central element in an effective learning situation.
109. The theory of human motivation is given by A.H. Maslow.
110. A farmer who acts as an intermediary between follower farmers and the ex-
tension agency is called contact farmer.
111. The government sponsored Firka developeny shceme was launched inder the
guidance of T. Prakasan.
112. The 'Training and Visit System' of new agricultural extension was initially
developed by Daniel Benor in 1973-74.
113. Rafi Ahmed Kidwai award is given in Agriculture, animal husbandry and al-
lied science.
114. Protection Plant varieties and farmers Right Authority (PPV& FRA) is locat-
ed at New delhi.
115. SGSY Scheme is operative from 1st April 1999 in rural areas of the country.
SGSY is a holistic Scheme covering all aspects of self employment such as
organization of the poor into Self Help Groups and the objective of SGSY
is to provide sustainable income to the rural poor.
116. Origin of extension is England.
117. Buzz session is also known as Huddle system and Phillips 66.
118. Flag method is classified under the spoken method.
119. Alexander knapp is known as father of Androgogy.
120. The inter –relationship o the various types of audios –visual aids as well as
their individual position in the leaning can be explained by cone of experi-
ence.
121. 20-point programme in India was initiated in the year 1975.
122. Farmers information and advisory centers under ATMA operaters at Block
level.
123. W.G. Sumner first gave the idea of folkways.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

124. Jawahar Lal Nehru said that Everything else can wait but not agriculture.
125. Extension teaching method is focused to Learner.
126. Mahatma Gandhi said that Nature provides for everybody’s need but not for
everybody’s greed.
127. Nilokheri Project was started during 1948 under the leadership of S.K. Dey. It
has begun this project using 100-acre swampy land spreading in the midst of
Karnal and Kurukshetra.
128. Skill teaching is performed effectively in method demonstration.
129. K.N. singh is also known as father of Extension education in India.
130. Audio –Visual methods in teaching is a famous book written by Edger – dale.
131. Sociometeric technique is a scientific method for identifications of Extension
leaders.
132. Diorama is generally used in Exhibition.
133. Gold Credit card scheme was staretd by state Bank of India.
134. M. S. Chidambaram Subramaniam was the food and agriculture minister at
the time of green revolution.
135. C.Subramaniam has been awarded the nation’s highest civilian honour, the
Bharat Ratna in 1998 for contribution in Agriculture.
136. The headquarters of Indian Institute of Rural Management (IIRM) is located
at Anand G.J.
137. Rhythu Bazar and apni mandi type markets help in – Reducing middleman’s
margin.
138. The gap between “What is” and “What ought to be” is expressed as need.
139. Local leadership and Participation are two main principle of Extension edu-
cation .
140. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was Nationalised on 1 January,1949.
141. A single window delivery system for differnrent services was started through
ATIC (Agricultural Technology Information Centre).
142. The Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC), Ministry of Agricul-
ture, Government of India launched Kisan Call Centers on January 21, 2004.
143. Three tier system of panchayati Raj was recommended by the committee
headed by Balwant Rai Mehta.
144. Function of extension is to bring desirable change in human behavior.
145. Kisan call centres (KCC) are working in 21 different locations in the country
covering all the States and UTs.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

146. Information, Instruction, Persuasion are basic function of Communication.

147. Formal education is highly institutionalized, chronologically graded and hier-
archically structured education system.
148. Informal education is lifelong process by which a person acquires knowledge,
attitude and skill .
149. Indira Gandhi said that No nation can live with pride unless it has the capacity
to feed its people.
150. A person advice on certain issues is opinion leader.
151. The Rural systems Research idea was motivated by M.S. Swaminathan in
1988.
152. The “Weather insurance scheme” of Government of India is called Varsha
Beema.
153. First model of communication was given by Berlo.
154. Haptics is the study of touching as nonverbal communication. Touches that
can be defined as communication include handshakes, holding hands.
155. Father of university extension – James stewart.
156. Cooperative is basic institution for socio-economic growth of villagers.
157. Field day uses the principle of seeing is believing.
158. The term communication is derived from the latin word “Communis ” which
means to “make common.
159. The Government of India appointed National Commission on Farmers (NCF)
in Feburary 2004, the NCF was headed by Dr.M.S. Swaminathan.
160. Group discussion is best suited to which among the following stages of adop-
tion Evaluation.
161. Ram leela and Ramyan are example of traditional media of communication.
162. Farm magazine “Prasardoot” is published from IARI.
163. Five number of elements in the Communication Model of Aristotle.
164. Grapevine communication is indirect and informal communication.
165. The farmer, who adopts the new technology just after hearing about it is
called Innovator.
166. Andaragogy is known as adult learning.
167. Pedagogy is known as Child learning.
168. The Central Food technology research Institute (CFTRI) at Mysore (K.N.) in
1950.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

169. The leaflet is a single sheet of paper folded usually to make four page of
printed paper.
170. A 35 mm camera is necessary for making slides that fit most of the projectors.
171. “Learning is a lifelong process” this statement is given by Woodworth.
172. The term “Andragogy” was coined by Alexander Knapp.
173. Saluting the national flag, standing during the playing of the national anthem,
monogamy and the policy of women and children first in the event of some
crisis are example of the mores.
174. Rural sociology in India is written by A.R.Desai.
175. Participatroy Rural Appraisal (PRA) is directly realted to Agricultral Exten-
sion.
176. The modified system of panel discussion in which three or more resource
persons discuss a specific topic is called Colloquim.
177. The new panchayat Raj Act was encated all over the country 24th April 1993.
178. Folkways, Mores, Norms are used for social control.
179. Panchayati Raj was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal
Nehru on 2 October 1959 at Nagour in Rajasthan.
180. Kishan sahayk / sevak under the T. & V. system who is maninly responsioble
to make regular contact with famrers?
181. The term Extension Education was first used in 1873 by Cambridge universi-
ty.
182. The Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) was
launched on 15 August 1983 by Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi during
the Sixth Five-Year Plan.
183. The Panchayat is a three-tier system covers the village level (Gram Pancha-
yat), Panchayat samiti (block Panchayat) and the district level (District Pan-
chayat).
184. General body of panchayat is Gram Sabha.
185. A small group of Knowledge people is given a problem and asked to produce
as many solutions as possible within a given period is called Brainstorming.
186. Zamidari –system was based on ______ to support Bristish Imperialism in
India. – Exploitation
187. Most useful leader in agricultural extension is Voluntary leader.
188. The mental process through which as individual passes from hearing about an
innovation to final adoption is termed as Adoption process.
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189. Indian Farming is a publication from ICAR, New Delhi.

190. Enterprise is unit of Business.
191. Indira Mahila Yojana was launched in which of the following year 1995.
192. The first National Panchayati Raj Day was celebrated in 2010. Since then, the
National Panchayati Raj Day is celebrated on 24th April every year in India.
The day marks the enactment of the 73rd amendment of the constitution in
1992.
193. Sociometry is best method for selection of leader.
194. Panel and Symposium flesh card are most example of group method.
195. Grow more food campaign (GMFC) was lauched year 1947.
196. A farmer brings infected spikes of wheat to the subject matter specialist for
solution of the disease, the spikes of wheat here is an example of specimen.
197. Balance theory of communication was given by Heider.
198. The process by which messages are transferred from a source to receiver is
known as communication.
199. The level of objective operates at field extension work is called working ojec-
tive.
200. National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) was staretd in 1999.
201. The High Yielding Variety Programme (HYVP) was launched in
the Kharif of 1966-67 with an objective to attain self-sufficiency in food by
1970-71.
202. Jawahar Rojgar Yojna was started in 1989.
203. Intensive Agriculture district programme (IADP) was started in the year 1960.
204. The principle “One village one society” was suggested by meclogan commit-
tee.
205. Sarvodaya Movement has been started by Vinoba Bhave in 1950.
206. Firka Development Scheme was a government-sponsored scheme, first started
in the 34 firkas throughout Madras state, by T. Prakasam in 1946.
207. Krishi chayanika is the publication of ICAR.
208. NABARD Act was passed in March 1979.
209. Adaptive or minikit trial is an example of Individual method.
210. Members of Governing body of ATMA are appointed for a period of 2 years.
211. A scheme amined at ensuring food security of senior citizens is Annapurna
scheme.
212. Fundamental objective of extension is overall development of people.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

213. Role of extension education in India is performed by State Agricultural Uni-

versity.
214. Main responsibility of extension service is with state government.
215. Bester and Benor scheme are also known as the Training and Visit system.
216. Main purpose of extension education is to identify strong points, weak points,
gaps and errors.
217. Basic Principle in Extension is to teach people How to do.
218. Balvant Rai Mehta is known as the Father of Panchayati Raj.
219. National Co-operative Development corporation (NCDC) was established in
1983.
220. Father of Sociology – August Comte.
221. Father of modern sociology is – R.K. Meston.
222. Goal of extention Education is to promote scientific outlook.
223. Chairman of block level Panchayat Samiti under Panchayat Raj system is –
BDO (Block Development Officer).
224. Informal rules of behavior based on habits and tradition- folkway (how to eat,
what to wear, folding hands).
225. Socially accepted way of behavior that involve morals are – Mores (saluting
flag, standing for national anthem).
226. A group defined by a sex relationship sufficiently precise and enduring to
provide for procreation and upbringing of children is- Family (Basic unit of
extension work).
227. Starting point of extension work is – Need and interest of people.
228. Display types of audio-visual aids are poster, bulletin board, models, exhibits
etc.
229. Presented type of audio-visual aids are flash cards, slides, filmstrip etc.
230. The first use of the word extension is done by – Voorhees.
231. Disc recording is a made by mechanical process.
232. Tape and wire recording is done by magnetic process.
233. Intensive Agriculture Development program (IADP) was the first major ex-
periment of Indian government in the field of agriculture, and it was also
known as a “package programme”
234. John Dewey's concept of education is based upon the Philosophy of Pragma-
tism. He has proposed the concept of 'learning by doing' undr the TRYSEM.
235. Cooperative is basic institution for socio–economic growth of villagers.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

236. Movie film recording made by optical process.

237. T and V system is also called Baster and Benor Scheme and firstly evolved in
Turkey by incidental learning.
238. The Training and Visit system (T&V) is a management method of organizing
a country's agricultural extension workers into a unified, professional farm
advisory service.
239. Attentionis is the first step in extension teaching is to make the people aware
of new ideas and practices.
240. Daniel Benor, the World Bank expert developed the Training and Visit (T and
V) system for extension services to a wide range of agricultural and adminis-
trative environments in developing countries in 1973.
241. A board for display of message is bulletin board.
242. Krishi Vighyan kendras are specialized institutions to provide vocational
training to famers based on learning though work experience.
243. National demonstration was first time started 1965 by ministry of food and
agriculture.
244. The process of influencing of behaviour of an individual in a real situation is
called as Leadership.
245. A number of papers are held like a pack of cards flash cards.
246. Panel discussion is a conference at which views of several experts are given
one after another, its seldom provides time for discussion.
247. First basic persuasive communication model is Aristotle (Speaker – Speech-
Audience).
248. Leagans model of communication – CMCTAR (Communicator – Message –
Channel – Treatment – Audience – Response).
249. Book ‘The process of mass communication’ is written by Berlo.
250. Rogers and shoemaker model include – SMCRE (Source – Message – Chan-
nel – Receiver – Effect).
251. Broadcasting through Radio startted in India – 23 July 1927.
252. Fakruddin Ali ahmed award is given in Agriculture research in tribal areas.
253. Broadcasting in India came to known as Kashwani in 1957.
254. 1st telecast on TV in India started on 15 September 1959.
255. DD-Gyandarshan an exclusive educational channel started in India on 26 Jan-
uary 2000.
256. Television broadcasting for Rural development in India started in 1967.
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257. Prasar bharti came into existence in 23 January 1997.

258. The distortion type wherein unwanted information is supplied along with
message – Mirage.
259. The rural upliftment programme on a mass scale was firstly started by
a. Mr. F. L. Brayne in Gurgaon district of Punjab in 1920, it is called Gurgaon
project .
260. Ability of an individual to understand the other person’s internal frame of
mind and reference is –
a. Empathy.
261. Panjabrao Deshmukh outstanding women scientist Award to promote woman
scientist for research /
a. extension in agriculture individually.
262. Young Farmers Association was formed in India under the Guidance of Dr.
P.S. Deshmukh in April 1956.
263. How to carry out a new practice or an old practice in a better way is done by –
Method demonstration (done by extension worker, principle involved learning
by doing).
264. Training rural youth self employment (TRYSEM) was started on 15 August
1979 .
265. A decision to make full use of an innovation as the best course of an action
available is – Adoption (continuous and mental process).
266. The decision by which an innovation is communicated through certain chan-
nels overtime among members of social system is known as – Diffusion.
267. The individual actually applies the new idea on a small scale – Trial stage.
268. “Puppet show” and “Drama" are examples of Audio-Visual aid.
269. National Food for work programme was launched on 14 November 2004.
270. The individual develops interest in the innovation and seeks additional infor-
mation about is – Interest stage.
271. The individual makes the mental application of the new Idea to the present
and anticipated future situation – Evaluation stage.
272. Term innovation decision process is given by – Rogers.
273. Communicator, Message , channel , Treatment , Audience , Audience re-
sponse are the elements of Leagan’s model of communication process.
274. Shriniketan attempt was started by R.N. Tagore in collaboration with Elmhirst
in Bengal.
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275. The study of meaning of words and languages is called Semantics.

276. Innovation – decision process can be shortly called as KPDIC (Knowledge,
persuation, decision, implementation, confirmation).
277. The leader of the Bhoodan Movement was Achary Vinoba Bhave.
278. Special care for child and mother is the main objective of DWACRA .
279. India has witnessed voluminous increase in horticulture production over the
last few years. After the launch of National Horticulture Mission (NHM)
in 2005-06.
280. The curve representing the frequency of adopters in social system over time
follows Normal bell shape.
281. Frequency of adopters when plotted over time follows a – Bell shaped curve.
282. Teaching learning process is explained by – Leagans.
283. Most people kept in Mind 30-35 % of what they seen.
284. The process of consciously choosing course of action from available alterna-
tives and integrating them for the purpose of achieving the desired goal – De-
cision making.
285. Kisan Mitra is an employee of State government.
286. The meeting of professionals having a series of prepared lectures, followed by
questions and answers, is called seminar.
287. Participatory the role of extension personnel in PRA.
288. The idea which is perceived as new is termed as innovation.
289. Father of the Method demonstration is S.A. Knapp.
290. The communication channel used at adoption stage is Individual method or
Inter personal communication.
291. A brief introduction of a photograph is called: Embargo.
292. Farmer’s information and advisory centers under ATMA operates at Block
level.
293. The Community based Land care programme was launched in Australia.
294. The Goals SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant,
and Time-Bound.
295. Timeis relatively a very important consideration in the process Diffusion.
296. Most influential type of demonstration is – Method demonstation.
297. New name of Village Level worker (VLW) is Village Development Officer
(VDO).
298. Community development block consists of 100 villages.
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299. The laboratory of extension scientist is society.

300. Time is very important consideration in the process of diffusion.
301. International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement is located at Mexico
in 1966.
302. The model “diffusion of innovation” was developed by Rogers.
303. For awareness, Television communication meadia is most suitably used.
304. Reliability Stability in measurement is an Indicator of the scales.
305. S.A. Knapp conducted results demonstration in cotton.
306. An idea, practice or object that is perceived as new by an individual is Inno-
vation.
307. The Rural systems Research idea wass motivated by M.S. Swaminathan in
1998.
308. Balance theory of communication is proposed by Heider.
309. Leaflet is a single of paper folded to make a four-page piece of printed matter.
310. To do, By doing ,and For doing are fundamental objectives of Learning .
311. First Farm magazine is – Kheti.
312. The general body of village panchayati is gram sabha.
313. Agricultural news covered in news paper in 3-5%.
314. Result demonstration extension teaching is a way sowing people the value of
an improved practice.
315. SJSRY (Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana) Laucnhed on 1 December
1997.
316. Phal Phool and Indian Horticulture, Indian Farming journal were published by
ICAR.
317. Most effective contact approach in personal contact method is Farm and
Home visit.
318. Community Block is Basic unit of CDP and NES.
319. Rural development project launched before independence is cooperative
movement.
320. Most Popular and best method of communication is sociometric method.
321. A series of still pictures on one roll is called Film strip.
322. In good administration the offices of a Bureaucracy are arranged in a pyramid
of authority and responsibility.
323. The chairman of planning commission is Prime minister.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

324. In India, National Demonstrations on major food crops was launched in the
year 1964.
325. The Taccavi loan is given by Government.
326. “Here and now” situation is the characteristic feature of Androgogy.
327. The agency constituted for Implementing Integarted Rural Development Pro-
gramme is DRDA.
328. A “Pattern” of body inherited traits is known as Personality.
329. Sociogram helps us to know Opinion diversification.
330. The book “Cooperative Extension Service” written by Sanders.
331. Sociometry is the best method of leader selection.
332. Co-operative society is basic institutions for socio – economic growth of the
villagers.
333. A bulletin should be contained 24-48 pages.
334. CONA expands to Community oriented Need assessment.
335. The basic principles of demonstration are learning by seeing and doing both.
336. The poorest among poor first is the approach under Jawahar Rojgar Yojana
(1989)
337. A series of Individual charts Flip charts bound together and hung on support-
ing stand?
338. The prescribed rules, which are traditionally approved by the society are
called customs.
339. All round development of family is main aim of IRDP.
340. UPDASP is sponsored by world Bank.
341. The journal Experimental Agriculture is published from UK.
342. The food corporation of India was established in 1965.
343. Assignment of values to alternatives is called Judgment.
344. The communication network ideally suited for imparting knowledge change is
star network.
345. To Get Intelligence Quotient (I.Q ) of the Individual .the formula will be
a. I.Q = Mental age / Chronological age X 100.
346. The Major constraint of lecture method is passive audience.
347. A group of persons organizing themselves for the pyrpose of fulfilling certain
interests is knwon as association.
348. The village Panchayat Act came into being in the year 1958.
349. The chief concern of farmer at the persuasion stage is How to Information.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

350. “DASP” stands for Diversified Agri-Support project.

351. A round table discussion is called panel.
352. The Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) was launched by the
353. Government of India during 1978 and implemented during 1980.
354. Cooperative society is basic institution for socio –economic growth of the vil-
lagers.
355. The term of entrepreneur is derived from French word.
356. S-M-C-R-E model of communication process was proposed by J.P. leagans.
357. Technology Assessment and Refinement is done through IVLP.
358. Participatory development approach in other words is also called Top-down
approach
359. The first training group of human races is family.
360. James Stuart associated with university extension.
361. Symposium is an extension method and is uncluded in Gorup method.
362. Indian Village service programme was started by W.H. wiser in 1947.
363. Village level multipurpose functionary concept originated from Etawah Pilot
project.
364. A poster in general is characterised by minimum words and attractive photo.
365. Ethnocentrism is the tendency of man to consider his own culture of high val-
ue and superior to others and to judge others culture in terms of standard and
value that exist in one’s own culture .
366. Interpersonal communication skills can improve your personal and profes-
sional relationships by helping you to express your thoughts and convey your
intent clearly.
367. The minimum wage act for agricultural labourer was passed in 1948.
368. Participative one is the best leadership quality in taking rural decisions.
369. Ability to make prompt and good decisions is known as social insight.
370. Lab to land progamme was started by ICAR.
371. When we learn, 75 percent of knowledge comes to us visually, 13 percent
comes through hearing and 12 percent comes through smell, taste and touch.
372. The adopter category referred to as “Skeptical” are Late majority.
373. The spread of a new idea from source to its ultimate adopters or users is
known as Innovation diffusion process.
374. Evaluation done with simultaneous running of the programme is called con-
current evaluation.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

375. The desirable changes are in receiver’s knowledge, attitude and action
through Fidelity.
376. The person considered as father of PRA (Participatory rural appraisal) is Rob-
ert chambers.
377. Zamindari system was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793.
378. Knowledge, skill, attitude it was main component of training.
379. Poster is most effective at Awareness stage of adoption.
380. High yielding variety programme started in 1965-66.
381. The primary role of MANAGE is to Develop management skills.
382. Cultural difference is a principle of Extension Education.
383. Feedback is a listener's Verbal critique of your message.
384. In case of diffusion of innovation, the overt behavior menas Adoption or re-
jection.
385. Recreation and health are an important partof tghe 4H club progamme, it in-
cludes camping.
386. The word democracy is derived from the Greek roots cracy meaning rule of
and demos menaing the people.
387. The innovation decision process can be shoetly called as KPDIC.
388. Largest number of diffusion studies are conducted in the filed of sociology.
389. First step for making a programme palnning includes analysis of the situation
and determianting
390. problems.
391. The main mode of extension in the ‘farmers first’ model is Farmer to farmer.
392. Individual or face-to-face methods is low-cost extension method to penetrate
deep into the rural life.
393. Individual-contact method is communication methods is more effective.
394. Normal rate of adoption requires 6 -10 yeras from the introduction of the in-
novation to its adoption throught the community.
395. When majority of village participate people in an extension programme is
significant.
396. Radio mass medium is characterised by one way without instant audience re-
sponce.
397. The basic unit of decision making in the optional innovation decision model is
individual.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

398. It was 1936, when Mahatma Gandhi left Sabarmati ashram and set up his ash-
ram in Sevagram, a small village in Wardha town in Maharashtra it is knwon
as Sevagram project.
399. The term communication stems from the Latin word communis meaning es-
tablishing commonness.
400. The T&V system of extension was first introduction in Israel in 1973-74.
401. Krishi chayanika is the publiscation of ICAR.
402. Average size of leaflets is 22cm*18 cm as length and width of poster 50 *70
cm.
403. The sequence of stages of Adoption should be AIETA.
404. Servants of India society, Puen was initiated by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
405. Rogers has proposed a classification of adopters.the five adopter categories as
per
406. sequence are Innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and lag-
gards.
407. Radio phomics programme is popular in latin America.
408. The heuristic method refers to finding the best possible solution to a problem
quickly, effectively, and efficiently.
409. Farm literature is the first stage in motivating the farmers.
410. The term “Folkways” is coined by Sumner WG.
411. kinesics is known as Study of body language.
412. COIK fallacy is associated with Audio and Visual aids.
413. The major drawback of past diffusion studies was their inability to take up
source research.
414. A very short discussion on a narrow topic that involves simultaneous small
group work (usually in pairs) and stimulates contribution from each member
of the participant group is called BUZZ SESSION.
415. A working model is known as mock up model.
416. The AGMARK Head Office at Faridabad (Haryana) is legally enforced in
India by the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act of 1937 (and
amended in 1986).
417. Terrestrial television in India started with the experimental telecast starting in
Delhi on 15 September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio.
418. A photograph is called such as an exact visual recording of a thing.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

419. The countries is divided into 8 agro-climatic zones but according to NARP is
127.
420. The credit of success for KVK goes to chandrika Prasad.
421. Meta-communication relates to the speaker’s unintentional choice of both
words and dress.
422. Semantic problem in communication deals with the selection of words.
423. The key Narrator of a newscast or program is called Anchor.
424. We learn maximum through sight.
425. The method in which problem to be solved is described to employees is called
case study method.
426. The first step in developing a training program is to identify and assess needs.
427. Group discussion the best method to improve inter personnel skills, ability to
comprehended and present himself efficiency in short period of time.
428. Krishi Darshan programme in India is telecasted from New delhi.
429. Feedback can come in the form of Verbal and nonverbal listener responses.
430. The programme “Missin 2007” refers to Knowledge centers.
431. Diffusion is the subset of communication.
432. Traditional media, folk theatre forms in North India are Noutanki.
433. The simgle practice demonstration is Method demonstration.
434. In which communication system of farmers works knowledge, consuming,
system.
435. The meeting of professionals having a series of prepared lectures, followed by
questions and answers, is called Symposium.
436. Lab to land programme has been changed into land to lab programme /
farmer’s first programme.
437. Young farmer’s association was started by P.D. Deshmukh in 1956 in India.
438. FM radio is short for frequency modulation, and it is example of mass com-
munication.
439. A study group, the members of which represents the principle sub-groups par-
ticipating in the programme is called syndicate.
440. Fusing or blending whereby cultural differences tends to disappear is Assimi-
lation.
441. The deliberate use of communication to Induce people of favour one prede-
termined line of thought or action over another is propaganda.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

442. The adoption of an innovation over time follows a normal, bell-

shaped curve when plotted over time on frequency basis.
443. Kethi is the first farm magazine in India, who published by ICAR.
444. Kolb is associated with Learning style.
445. Diffusion is essentially concerened with messages that are New Ideas.
446. State bank of India used puppetry Farmer’s fair to arouse the interest of the
visitors in bank savings and loans.
447. Case study and Vestibule training, role playing these are the simulation exer-
cises.
448. The PRA technique that represents the degree of importance of individuals
and institutions in decision making is called Venn diagram.
449. Result Demonstration is conducted at Farmer’s Field.
450. Dr. Seeman A knapp is knwon as Father of method demonstration.
451. Printed, bound booklet with a number of pages, containing compreshnsive
information about a topic is Bulletic.
452. Cumulative frequency of adopters over time follows a “S shaped curve”.
453. The communication channel most suited to Inform the audience about the ex-
istence of an innovation is Mass Media.
454. Public address system is audio aid In the process of communication.
455. Farmers first’ model was put forwarded by Robert Chamber.
456. Such people adopt gaining knowledge in the last stage of gaining is called
Leggards (Traditional).
457. An extension worker helps farmers to attain desirable change in his Temper-
ament.
458. Influence is Important function of communication.
459. 4 H club means - heart, head, hand, health as explained by A.B. graham.
460. PRA is technique for involving people to work for their Own development.
461. Basic aim of 4H club is transfer techniqual literacy increases agricultural pro-
duction.
462. Extension uses democratic methods in educating the farmers.
463. National demonstration is also knwon as composite demonstration or first line
demonstration or front-line extension.
464. ATMA has active participation of farmers/farmer-groups, NGOs,
KrishiVigyanKendras (KVKs), Panchayati Raj Institutions and other stake-
holders operating at district level.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

465. We tend to remember 70 percent of what we see and hear.

466. Hariyali yojna is associated with water management and laucnehd on July
2015.
467. Shantiniketan, a veritable abode of peace and tranquility, is famous for the
world renowned Viswa Bharati University founded by Rabindranath Tagore
in 1921.
468. Contact famer can be considered as opinion leader.
469. Intensive village linkage programme (IVLP)was started in 1995.
470. The basic principle of demonstration is learning by seeing and doing.
471. Etawah pilot project was also called “Average District plan” because the pro-
ject was initiated in the normal Environment. everything was normal like cli-
mate, soil, fertility etc.
472. Adoption is a mental process.
473. The First bank to lauch kissan Credit card is Punjab National Bank.
474. Desert Development Programme (DDP) was started in the year 1977-78
475. Flash cards, overhead projector is used sense of vision are called visual aids
476. The Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board (ASRB) was established with
the approval of Cabinet on 1 November 1973.
477. E –extension is best suitable method of communication system is called Dis-
minsing.
478. Nilokheri Project was started by the Shree S.K.Day had made this project for
the purpose of making residence for the 700 immigrants came from Pakistan
In 1948.
479. Nilokheri Project has begun this project using 100-acre swampy land spread-
ing in the midst of Karnal and Kurukshetra.
480. SGSY Scheme is operative from 1st April 1999 in rural areas of the country.
481. The National Commission on Farmers is an Indian commission constituted on
18 November 2004 under the chairmanship of Professor M.S. Swaminathan.
482. Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKS) are mandated for a frontline extension that
acts as a bridge between research organizations and the main extension sys-
tem operated by different development departments of the State Governments.
483. Nehru Yuva Kendra was started for Nonstudent younth.
484. Mohan Singh Mehta appointed by ICAR in 1973 the idea of establishment of
Farm Science Centre (Krishi Vigyan Kendra) was developed.
485. Innovation, Diffusion, Motivation adoption are element of adoption process.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

486. Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA) laucnehd in 1970.

487. Education and communication book was written by Op Dhama & Op
Bhatnagar.
488. The Shannon and Weaver Model represents the communication linear pro-
cess.
489. The first National Panchayati Raj Day was celebrated in 2010. Since then,
the National Panchayati Raj Day is celebrated on 24th April every year in In-
dia.
490. Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) in the Ministry
of Agriculture in 1973.
491. The theory of human motivation is given by A.H. Maslow.
492. Ability of an individual to understand the other person’s internal frame of
mind and reference is Empathy.
493. Primary colours used in extension are Red, Blue, Yellow.
494. The "Antyodaya Anna Yojana” (AAY) was launched in December 2000 for
one crore poorest of the poor families.
495. Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) is one of the public distribution system
schemes in India implemented from 2000. The main objective of the scheme
is to ensure food security and to create hunger-free India.
496. Santiniketan programme was established by Rabindranath Tagore in the year
1901. It was 100 kms away from Calcutta in W.B.
497. The Antyodaya programme was launched in the mid 70s in Rajasthan.
498. The Discussion period that may follow after lecture etc. known as Forum.
499. Rice and wheat together supplied 35 kg per family in a month under Antyo-
daya Anna Yojana (AAY).
500. Special Livestock production programme initiated in 1974 -75.
501. Folkways is Informal rusles of behavior based on habit and tradition .
502. Lab to land programme was initiated with 75,000 farm families over the
whole country.
503. Here and now is the characteristic feature of Pedogogy.
504. DWCRA (Development of women and children in Rural areas ) was started
in September 1982.
505. Adoption is mental or phenomenon or individual matter or socio economical.
it category.
Agri Coaching Chandigarh

a. Innovators (Venturesome) 2.5 %

b. Early adopters (Respectable) 13.5 %
c. Early majority (Deliberate) 34 %
d. Late majority (Sceptical) 34 %
e. Leggards (Traditional) 16 %