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Ad .Co M: 200+ Civil Engineering Interview Questions & Answers
Ad .Co M: 200+ Civil Engineering Interview Questions & Answers
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Concrete is designated based on its compressive strength at 28 days as measured in
standard conditions with a 150 mm size cube. According to IS 456-2000, concrete is graded into
three types.
● Ordinary Grade
● Standard Grade
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● High strength Concrete
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In M20, M stands for mix, and the numerical number indicates its characteristic compressive
strength in N/mm2 at 28 days as measured in standard conditions with a 150 mm size cube.
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3. What do you mean by the characteristic compressive strength of concrete?
The concrete strength below, which not more than 5% of test results are expected to fail,
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Lower than M20 grade concrete can be utilized for PCC work,
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2400 kg/m3
2500 kg/m3
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8. What is the density or unit weight of cement?
1440 kg/m3
0.0345 m3
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As per the Bureau of Indian standards, OPC cement has three grades that are
● 33 grade,
● 43 grade,
● 53 grade.
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11. What are the types of Concrete Mix?
● Nominal Mix Concrete
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● Design Mix Concrete
For hand mixing, it is 0.45, and a maximum of 0.6 is allowed. For machine mixing, it may range
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It measures the ease and difficulty of handling concrete from the mixing stage to its final fully
compacted stage. Workable concrete should be free from segregation and bleeding effects.
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The separation of coarse aggregate from the concrete mass in its plastic state refers to
segregation. Segregation occurs when the concrete mix is very lean and wet.
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When water rise on the surface of freshly placed concrete is known as bleeding.
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20. What are the different types of slumps of concrete?
● True slump,
● Shear slump,
● Collapse slump
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21. What is the slump value of concrete for normal RCC work?
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It is 80 to 150 mm for normal RCC work and 25 to 50 mm for mass concreting.
22. What are the various steps involved in the process of concreting?
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1. Batching
2. Mixing
3. Transportation
4. Placing
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5. Compaction
6. Finishing
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7. Curing
24. Why is the concrete cover value for different RCC Members?
● Slab = 20 mm
● Beam = 25 mm
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● Column = 40 mm
● Footing = 50 mm
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● 1-5cum = 1
● 6 - 15 cum = 2
● 16 - 30 cum = 3
● 31 - 50 cum = 4
● 50 cum and above = 4 plus one additional sample for each 50 additional cum.
7 days - 65%
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28. What is the soundness of cement?
It is a property that makes sure the cement does not show any considerable expansion once it
has been set.
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29. What are the names of different tests to check the concrete quality.
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On fresh Concrete -
● Workability,
● Air Content,
● Setting Time
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On hardened Concrete -
● Compressive strength,
● tensile strength,
● Modulus of Elasticity,
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● Permeability test,
● In situ test
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3.08 g/cc
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Colour test, float test, presence of lumps, Manufacturing date, Inside Temperature.
Three months
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34. What is the normal consistency of OPC Cement?
25 to 35%
No less than 6
36. What is the Idle temperature for concreting?
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37. What is grouting?
Grouting is the process of inserting material into cavities, concrete cracks, rock mass, soil,
and masonry structure to increase their load-bearing capacity. The material used for this work
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is known as grout. Or It is a concrete fluid form applied to fill up the voids.
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38. What is shotcrete?
It is the process of spraying and depositing very fine concrete or mortar onto a prepared surface
by jetting it with high velocity.
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39. What are the different types of shotcrete processes?
● Dry Mix Process
● Wet Mix process
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Plastic Bitumen
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42. Which machine is used for testing the compressive strength of concrete?
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Honeycombs are voids or cavities on concrete formed due to mortar not filling the spaces
between the coarse aggregate particles.
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Building Design & drawing, Construction Material
1. What is a projection line?
A projection line is a way in which the earth is presented on a flat piece of paper.
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3. What should be the size of tread and riser for residential and commercial buildings?
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4. How can we check the level on a construction site?
pipe.
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We can check the level on the construction site with the help of spirit level, auto level, and level
5. What is the minimum reading which we can read on dumpy level staff.
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5 mm
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FAR = Total covered area of all floors of the building/ plot area
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NGL, GL, FGL, Plinth level, FFL, Sill Level, Lintel Level
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11. What is the standard size of Brick?
19 × 9 × 9 cm
12. What various tests are done to check the quality of Bricks?
● Crushing strength,
● water absorption,
● shape, and size,
● Hardness,
● Efflorescence,
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● Soundness,
● Colour,
● structure
13. What are the different types of bonds used in brick masonry?
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● Header bond,
● Stretcher bond,
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● English bond,
● Flemish bond.
3 meters
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It is the soil's ability to bear the load coming over its unit area without causing unreasonable
settlement.
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20. What is soil stabilization?
It is the process that improves the physical properties, such as increasing the shear strength,
bearing capacity, resistance to erosion, dust formation, and frost heaving.
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22. What is the minimum curing period for concrete?
As per IS 456 – 2000, Seven days with OPC Cement and ten days If exposed to hot weather.
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23. What is the allowable % of silt in the sand?
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It should not be more than 6%
25. What is the size of sieves used in the finesse modulus of the sand test?
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125 mm
An area on which we can spread a carpet or net useable space refers to a carpet area.
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Usually, it is 10% more than the carpet area.
16-24 hours
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Structural Design & Drawing
1. What are the different grades of HYSD bars?
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Fe 250, Fe 415, Fe 500
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2. What is 415 in Fe415?
d2/162.2
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7850 kg/m3
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● Good weldability,
● great ductility,
● Better corrosion resistance.
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8. What is the minimum diameter of bars for columns?
12 mm
8 mm
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Minimum 6 numbers
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● Limit state method.
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12. Why are stirrups provided in columns?
9d or 75 mm
The length used to overlap two bars to transfer stresses from one bar to another safely refers to
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lap length.
For compression = Equal to Ld (development length) but not less than 24d
For Tension
Flexural Tension = Ld (development length) or 30d which is greater
Direct Tension = 2Ld (development length) or 30d which is greater
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d = diameter of bar
The minimum length of the bar is required to be embedded in concrete to safely transfer
stresses from bar to concrete.
19. What is the difference between development length and lap length?
Lap length transfer stresses from one bar to another, whereas development length transfers
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stresses from steel bars to concrete.
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● For Column = 1.0 - 5.0 %
● For Footing = 0.5 to 0.8%
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21. How can you determine if a slab is one way or two way?
if the longer span to shorter span ratio is greater than two = One-way slab
If the longer span to shorter span ratio is less than or equal to two = Two-way slab.
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22. What are the various diameter bars used in construction?
● 8mm,
● 10mm,
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● 12mm,
● 16mm,
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● 20mm,
● 25mm,
● 32mm,
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● 40 mm
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Maximum 1 meter or one number per square meter
27. What should be the minimum diameter of reinforcement for the chair?
No less than 12 mm
Because steel has better bonding with the concrete, it expands and contracts at the same rate
due to temperature.
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Engineering Mechanics
1. What is Shear Force?
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It is a force acting in the direction parallel to the body’s cross-section or surface. Such as air
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pressure flow over an aeroplane wing.
A moment that produces tension on the top part and compression at the bottom part of a beam
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L = angular momentum
W = angular velocity.
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It is a structural member in a truss that is neither in tension nor in compression and doesn’t
support any loading but helps in the stability of the truss.
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7. How many types of beams are based on supports?
● Simply supported
● Cantilever
● Overhanging
● Continuous
● Fixed
At two-member joint
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If two non-collinear members meet at the joint that doesn’t have any load, both are zero-force
members.
At three-member joint
When three members of the truss meet at the joint that doesn’t have any load, two of which are
collinear, the third member is a zero-force member.
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9. What are the various types of load?
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● Concentrated or point load
● Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL)
● Uniformly Varying Load (UVL)
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10. What is the Slenderness ratio?
The ratio of structural elements (column) length to its least radius of gyration.
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Isotropic
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13. Where does the maximum bending moment occur on a fixed end beam due to moving
load?
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At supports
14. Where does the maximum bending moment occur on a cantilever beam?
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The point at which bending moment changes sign +ve to -ve or vice versa is called the point of
contra flexure.
16. What is the value of bending moment at the point of contra flexure?
Zero
17. How can you determine whether a bending moment is positive or negative?
With the help of sign convention, the clockwise moment is positive, and the anticlockwise
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moment is negative. Its direction is opposite to the direction of the force.
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● Roller Support
● Fixed Support
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19. what is equal to the rate of change of bending moment?
Shear force
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20. What is the modulus of rigidity?
28.8 bags
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5. How can you calculate the volume of concrete?
It can be determined by multiplying the length, width, and height or depth of the member.
6. How can you calculate materials quantity for M15 grade concrete?
It can be determined with 1.54 divided by the sum of the M15 grade concrete ratio(1:2:4).
1.54/7 = 0.22 cum
Cement = 0.22 × 1 = 0.22 cum
Sand = 0.22 × 2 = 0.44 cum
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Aggregate = 0.22 × 4 = 0.66 cum
7. What is 1.54?
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8. What is the full form of BOQ?
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Bill of Quantities
9. What is an estimate?
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It is a probable work cost usually prepared before the construction start.
3. Detailed estimate
4. Quantity estimate
5. Revised estimate
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It refers to the incidental expenses of a miscellaneous character that can't be classified under
any specific item. A provision of 3 to 5% of the estimated cost is provided to meet the cost of
unexpected items.
It refers to the establishment which is charged to work directly. 1.5 to 2 % of the estimated cost
is provided to avoid excess of the administratively approved estimate.
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13. What is rate analysis?
It is the process of fixing the rate of an item that is known as rate analysis.
A schedule or rates list of different work items is prepared after analyzing the rate of these
items. This document is called the schedule of rates.
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● Longwall short wall method
● Centreline method
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Detailed Project Report
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17. What is the formula to calculate the volume of trapezoidal footing?
V = H/3 (1 + A2 +√A1×A2)
A1 = Area of the lower part
A2 = Area of the upper part
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H = Height of trapezoidal
Quality Assurance means the implementation of proactive methods that propose to prevent
defects.
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Quality Control means the method of examining the output to identify defects and correct them.
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Surveying
1. What is Surveying?
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The branch of science helps determine the relative positions above or beneath the earth's
surface through direct and indirect measurements of distance, direction, and elevation.
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1. Plane surveying
2. Geodetic surveying
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2. Location of a point by measurement from two points of reference.
Chain, tape, arrow, Pags, ranging rod, offset rods, plumb Bob
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● Engineer's chain
● Revenue chain
6. What is Ranging?
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The process of fixing intermediate points during chaining to maintain the direction of the work is
known as ranging.
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7. What is compass surveying?
It is the part of surveying in which a compass defines the direction of the survey line, and its
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length by tape or chain is known as compass surveying.
● Surveyor's compass
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9. What is traverse?
A series of connected lines whose length and direction are known is called a traverse.
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● Closed Traverse
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13. What do you understand by bearing of a line?
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15. In which system does the prismatic compass work?
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QB (Quadrantal or Reduced Bearing) system
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17. What is a reduced level?
It is the method of surveying to determine the relative position of the points on the earth's
surface.
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● Eye-piece
● Object piece
● Eyepiece focusing screw
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The first reading from any setup of the instrument refers to back sight.
The last reading is taken from the instrument before disturbing it from its setup.
All reading taken between backsight and foresight refers to intermediate sight.
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25. What are the types of level computation methods?
● Height of Instrument Method
● Rise and Fall Method
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Transportation Engineering
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1. What is the full form of WBM?
It is the raised edge of the pavement that divides it from the pavement.
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● Composite Camber
● Ruling Gradient
● Average Gradient
● Limiting Gradient
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● Exceptional Gradient
● Floating Gradient
● Minimum Gradient
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6. In which parking maximum numbers of vehicles can be parked?
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Traffic Yellow
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10. A camber should be approximately equal to?
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Half the longitudinal gradient
12. What is the maximum spacing of contraction joints in the rigid pavement?
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4.5 meters
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13. What is the maximum thickness of the expansion joint in the rigid pavement?
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25 mm
14. In cement concrete pavement, in which joint tie bars are used?
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Longitudinal joints
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15. What is the function of the expansion joint in the rigid pavement?
16. What is the fundamental factor for the selection of pavement type?
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Granular soil.
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20. In the construction of flexible pavement, which binder is usually used?
Bitumen
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21. From where rolling starts in the construction of the highway.
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Sides and proceed to the centre.
● Strip footing
● Isolated footing
● Combined footing
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● Raft footing
● Grillage foundation
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● Caisson foundation
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Pile load test
When a portion of the soil layer surrounding the pile shaft settles more than the pile, then the
pile experience downward drag that is called negative skin friction.
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● Open caisson
● Numatic caisson
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A gradual process of volume reduction under sustained static loading refers to consolidation.
In contrast, a rapid volume reduction process by mechanical means like vibration, rolling, and
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tamping refers to compaction.
In fine-grained soil, consistency is the physical state in which it exists. It is applied to express
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the degree of firmness of soil. Such terms indicate the consistency of soil as soft, firm, or hard.
● Liquid limit
● Plastic limit
● Shrinkage limit.
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2. Active pressure
3. Passive Pressure
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When the soil mass yields or moves so that it tends to stretch horizontally, then it is called active
earth pressure. When the retaining wall moves away from the backfill, soil mass stretches, and
the active state of earth pressure exists.
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Vibratory roller
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18. How undisturbed samples of soil are obtained?
With the help of thin-walled samplers
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19. What is used for the mechanical stabilization of soil?
Proper grading
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20. Which foundation is suitable for black cotton soil?
Under-reamed pile foundation
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