INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
2ND QUARTER PERIODICAL EXAM REVIEWER
FREEDOM
 an intrinsic and essential property of the person.
 important indication of human freedom is the ability
to make choices and perform actions.
 also understood as the power to be what you want to
be and the ability to decide and create yourself.
 rooted in the human person’s self-determination and
the exercise of intellect and free will.
KINDS OF FREEDOM
1. Physical Freedom – refers to the absence of any
physical restraint.
- Freedom of mobility to go where he or she wants
to go
2. Psychological freedom – the person is free to
perform choices that he or she considers right and
wise
- The person is also free to act or not to act
- Freedom of choice
3. Moral freedom – refers to using freedom in a
manner that upholds human dignity and goodness
TWO ELEMENTS THAT DEFINE FREEDOM
1. VOLUNTARINESS – refers to the ability of a
person to act out of his or her own free will and self-
determination.
2. RESPONSIBILITY -refers to the person being
accountable for his or her actions and their
consequences.
PRUDENCE - This is the ability to govern and discipline
oneself with the
use of reason.
SELF-REFLECTION - Allows each person to analyze his
life both in small and big details in terms of the decisions,
actions, and choices he make.
How do we as human persons relate with others?
 Our ability to engage in meaningful interactions with
other people, our surroundings, and everything
around us is rooted in our capacity for self-
awareness and transcendence.
 INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS are made
possible when the “self” becomes aware of the
“other”, which includes everyone and everything
outside of the self.
- We are able to relate meaningfully with
other human beings because we
consider ourselves as essentially the
same (recognizing the “self” in the
“other”).
 INTERSUBJECTIVITY is the mutual recognition
of each other as persons.
It also carries the meaning of “a unique relationship between
distinct subjects.”
SEEMING – an individual presents himself or herself in a
certain way when dealing with others.
What characterizes a genuine human interaction?
DIALOGUE – made possible when the self realizes that the
other is a genuine and unique individual
- An interaction between persons that
happens through the use of words,
expressions, and body language.
INTROVERT - a typically reserved or quiet person who
tends to be introspective and enjoys spending time alone
- Prefers working independently
- Thinks before speaking and acting
EXTROVERT - often described as talkative, sociable, action-
oriented, enthusiastic, friendly, and out-going.
- Thrives in team-oriented work settings.
- Makes quick decisions
AMBIVERT - someone who exhibits qualities of both
introversion and extroversion.
- person whose personality has a balance of extrovert
and introvert features.
OMNIVERT – Someone who exhibits qualities of both
introversion and extroversion.
- They can be extremely introverted when presented
with situations they don’t want to be in.
- people move between both extremes of social
personality type depending on the setting and the
situation.
How can Philosophy help you evaluate your relationships
with others?
 Important values related to intersubjectivity include
acceptance of differences and embracing diversity.
 HELEN KELLER (1880-1968) - American author,
political activist, and the first deaf-blind person to
earn a bachelor’s degree.
- Despite being blind and deaf, Helen
learned to “hear” people’s speech by
feeling their lips with their hands.
- At age 22, she published an
autobiography, “The Story of My Life”,
which described her life and struggles
growing up.
- The book became the basis of a popular
play titled “The Miracle Worker”.
 NICHOLAS JAMES “NICK” VUJICIC -
Australian evangelist and motivational speaker who
was born with phocomelia, a condition in which a
person is born with no arms or legs.
- At 21, he graduated with a degree in
Commerce and went on to pursue a
career as a motivational speaker and
evangelist.
- In 2005, he founded Life Without
Limbs, a non-profit organization and
ministry.
 ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG - The first visually-
impaired Filipino to graduate summa cum laude from
Ateneo de Manila University in 2001.
- She initiated “Project Roselle” together
with the Rotary club of Makati-Ayala,
and provided schools with software and
equipment that will aid blind students
with their studies.
- She is also a motivational speaker and
has given several talks and seminars
 THE BEATLES - They are Rejected by Decca
Recording Studios who said “We don’t like your
sound”, “They have no failure in the show business”
 WALT DISNEY - He was fired from his job at a
newspaper for “lacking imagination” and “having no
original ideas.”
 COL. SANDERS - His recipe was rejected 1,009
times before anyone accepted it.
 - Sander's "secret recipe" was coined - Members have higher educational attainment,
"Kentucky Fried Chicken", and quickly better training, and specialized roles.
became a hit. - Led by the human mind and aided by highly
 HENRY A. FORD - He was a failure at three advanced technology
businesses before succeeding with Motor Company. - has given rise to the virtual society.
 STEPHEN HAWKING - He is a physicist and 8. Virtual Society
cosmologist who, despite his rare medical condition - People organize themselves through
called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), made communication technology and the Internet
significant contributions to contemporary studies of - Often engage in complex relationships
relativity and quantum physics.
 OPRAH WINFREY - She experienced living in a TEMPORALITY – refers to how our lives are temporary.
poor household and was sexually abused. Despite DEATH - commonly understood as the end of bodily
this, she motivated herself to succeed and did so by functions which signals the end of life
being one of the riches women alive today. - Refers to the separation of the body and the
spirit.
DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIETIES HAPPINESS
1. Hunting and Gathering Society - Ancient Greek Philosophy considers happiness as an
- earliest and simplest form of society. achievement and it must be gained by living a
productive and moral life.
- Small size and is composed mainly of families
THREE SOURCES OF HAPPINESS
- Nomadic
1. NOBLE GOOD - - is one which is pursued for
- Its members are generally treated equally and
its own sake; it is good in itself
decisions are usually arrived at through a
Example: friendship and love.
consensus
2. USEFUL GOOD - - considered good as long as
2. Pastoral Society
it serves a means to an end; its goodness found
- domestication of animals for food for a more
only from what it can provide.
stable and predictable food supply.
Example: money
- Larger population and remain longer in one place
3. PLEASURABLE GOOD - - is good as long as
- Often produce surplus food and resources which
it provides some form of pleasure, though it does
they trade with other societies
not have to be physical.
3. Horticultural Society
Example: eating favorite food
- Small-scale cultivation of plants and the
domestication of animals
SUFFERING
- Semi-nomadic
- Roles and responsibilities are more clearly
- takes place when we patiently endure
defined with many tasks assigned according to
unpleasantness, discomfort, and pain
gender
TWO FORMS OF SUFFERING
4. Agrarian or Agricultural Society
1. PHYSICAL - when we experience physical
- Further evolution of the pastoral and horticultural
sensations such as discomfort, hunger, distress,
societies
and pain
- Large-scale and long-term cultivation of crops
2. MENTAL - involves emotional and mental
and domestication of animals
states such as depression, anxiety, fear,
- Improved technology and the use of tools to aid
loneliness, and grief
in farming
5. Feudal Society
- Based on the ownership of land
- Rulers grant their followers or vassals the right to
manage parcels of land. These vassals, in turn,
are served by peasant workers who cultivate the
land and tend to the animals in the farms. In
return for their service, they are provided
military protection.
- Members are organized based on status.
- Those who own the land are considered most
powerful while peasants are considered the
lowest group.
6. Industrial Society
- based on the use of specialized machinery in the
production of goods and services.
- Advances in science and technology in the late
18th century resulted in the Industrial Revolution,
which in turn gave rise to new production and
industrial methods
- Work is done in factories and public education is
more prevalent.
- Characterized by cultural diversity and the
presence of bureaucratic forms of organization
7. Post-Industrial Society
- Establishment of societies based on knowledge,
information, and the sale of services.