1.

Percentage % composition of gases in inhaled and exhaled air

The table shows the percentage composition of the main gases in inhaled and exhaled air.

Explaining the differences in the percentage of gases in inhaled and exhaled air:

●there is less oxygen in exhaled air -

because 4% of oxygen diffuses into cells for use in aerobic respiration

●there is more carbon dioxide in exhaled air -

because aerobic respiration produces 3.96% carbon dioxide

●nitrogen stays the same at 78%-

because nitrogen gas is not absorbed or produced by cells

2. Comparing the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air.

The apparatus is used to compare the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air.

→ ↑ ↓ →

How the apparatus is used to compare amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air:

●inhale or exhale through the T-tube called the mouthpiece

●limewater bubbles in tube B when exhaling because exhaled air goes into tube B
●limewater bubbles in tube A when inhaling because inhaled air comes in through tube A
●limewater in tube B turns cloudy, but limewater in tube A stays clear
●showing there is more carbon dioxide in exhaled air.