CHA3UE UNIT 3

Unit 3 – TAKEAWAY sheets – Activity 1-3

Answer the following questions as you progress through the activities in the content

Activity 1: Regional Differences Between the North & South in the mid-1800s
• On the eve of the Civil War America was a deeply _____________________
divided nation.
south
• The ____________________ based economy of the ______________
plantation/agriculture

north
• the _________________________________ based economy of the ______________
industries

• T/F - More Americans lost their lives in the Civil War than in any other conflict in the nation's
history.

Reading #1: Two Diverging Economies under One Nation opposition and conflict
• If one region's ___________________ needs threaten another region's needs, _______________
________________________ can arise. because it was the cheapest form of labour
• Why was the south dependent on slavery?available
_________________________________________

• The profitability of cotton, known as ____________________

King Cotton

• T/F – Labour was also needed in the North.

• T/F – Slavery was illegal in the North.

Mason Dixon line
• The ___________________________ was the dividing point between the North and South USA.

• T/F - workers below the Mason Dixon Line had to be paid.

employment, the opportunity
• The expanding factory system held great promise for many. Give 4.
for advancement, cheaper
goods, and the emergence of
• Research and define the terms Infrastructure and Tariffs
a strong consumer society.
• In the north, infrastructure could only be built with tax money raised largely through
____________. the federal government

• T/F -The Plantation and factory systems resembled each other in their attempt at mass
production.
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Reading #2 Causes of the Civil War

• The prime and immediate cause of the Civil war was _________________.
slavery

• T/F - All northerners actively opposed slavery.

• A. Economic and Social Factors Social, economical, and

▪ What 3 points of view drove the North and South further apart? political points of view
Abraham Lincoln
▪ The election of _________________________ as president was key point in the start of the
civil war

▪ T/F – Cotton was the main export of the USA in 1860.

▪ T/F – Slaves built the railroads in the North.

▪ T/F - Almost all manufactured goods had to be imported to the South.

▪ T/ F - High tariffs protect products in the North from cheap foreign competition.

▪ T/F – Since before the Civil War, personal and corporate income taxes allowed for the
North to generate revenue.

• B. Political Factors
▪ T/F - In the early days of the United States, loyalty to one's state often was more important
than loyalty to one's country.

▪ What does seceding mean?

Leaving the Unioun

• Reviewing Key Points

central
o The North needed a strong ________________________ government to
roads and railways
▪ build a national infrastructure of __________________________
▪ protect its complex __________________________
trading and financial interests
▪ control the ___________________________
interests
national currency
o Southerners feared that a strong central government might attempt to diminish or
dismantle _________________
slavery

• Complete the chart below to help confirm your learning

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KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH PRIOR TO THE CIVIL WAR

The North The South

Geography The North consisted of the following
states: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode
Island, New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana,
Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota
The South consisted of the following states:
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,
Louisiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas,
Missouri, Texas, Delaware

Views on The northern states wanted to keep the A large part of the relatively new USA (the
Union country _________________
together and South) wanted to ___________________
maintain the ________________
Union _______________________
secede from the country

Economic The northern states, including their The southern states, including their societies
Character societies and economies were based on and economies, were based on _________
________________
small farms and the growth of ______________ and _______________
____________________________.
urbanization and industry. plantation agriculture and slavery.

Position Expanding factory system ________ The profitability of _____________

cotton meant
provided wage earning jobsand did not
on Slavery __________________ the South was ________________
dependant on the
require _______________
slaves . ________________
plantation system and its most
essential component, ____________
slavery

• Overall, be able to answer the following

1. List the types of economic activities that occurred in both the North and South.
2. a) Describe the different labour forces employed in the North and the South. b) For each,
explain how the way in which labourers were used benefited each region.
3. How did both the North and the South view one another's economic practices? Explain why
and support with examples.
4. Why did the question of westward expansion in America result in the North and the South
increasingly opposing one another?
5. Explain why Northern interests were more inclined to support the idea of a strong central or
federal government, whereas Southerners tended more to oppose increased central power
by the federal government over regional interests.

Activity 2: Prelude to War - Part 1: The Missouri Compromise

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▪ A key difference that existed between the North and the South was their attitude towards
slavery
________________
free-states
▪ The North consisted of " ___________________"

▪ T/F - Slavery had been abolished in the North.

slave-states
▪ The South were called " _____________________ " and bitterly resisted any attempt to rid the
nation of slavery.

▪ In the 1850's there were exactly _________________

22 states in America

▪ T/F – There were the exact same number of states in the North and the South.

▪ As America expanded west the federal government attempted to keep the peace by trying to
achieve a numerical balance between slave and free states within the Union. The _____________
__________________
The Missouri Compromise was one such attempt.

▪ Familiarize yourself with the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and how it affected America. Use the
links in U2A2 content to help answer the following questions:
1. Identify four key components of the Missouri Compromise?
2. What signs were present that the Missouri Compromise could not provide a permanent
solution to the issue of balancing power between free and slave states?
3. What view would Canada likely adopt in relation to the Missouri Compromise?

Compromise
▪ In 1820 the North and South came to a ___________________, about having a balance of
free states and slave states within the Union

Louisiana
▪ The Missouri Compromise set an invisible line through the _________________________ at
__________________
36º 30' latitude.
abolitionists (free-states)
▪ States north of the line admitted to the Union were to be _____________________

▪ T/F - Slavery was legal in Missouri in 1820.

Activity 3: Prelude to War - Part 2: Escalating Divisiveness in the 1850s

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▪ List the EIGHT events that escalated regional divisiveness in the decade preceding the Civil War
that further fueled the North-South split: The Compromise of 1850.
The Fugitive Slave Act.
'Uncle Tom's Cabin' Is Published.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act.
The Pottawatomie Massacre.
The Dred Scott Decision.
Slavery: The Root of Divisiveness John Brown's Raid on Harper's
▪ T/F – Slavery was a new thing in America. Ferry.
The Election of 1860.
▪ T/F - The American Revolution had been fought largely to defend the idea that all men were
created equal.

▪ T/F - The invention of the cotton gin and slave labor made the cultivation of cotton profitable.

▪ T/F – For Southerners, slavery was as a question of human rights.

Reading#1 - Causes of the Civil War

▪ T/F - The spread of slavery solved by the Missouri Compromise of 1820.

▪ The Fugitive Slave Act stipulated any slave who escaped to another state or into federal territory
would be ______________________________________________________________
seized and returned to their owner.

▪ T/F – The Fugitive Slave act started the operation of the Underground Railroad.
a network of thousands of homes and other
"stations" that helped escaping slaves travel from
▪ What is the Underground Railroad? the southern slave-holding states to the northern
states and on to Canada, and thus freedom.
▪ Why was an area in Kansas nicknamed bleeding Kansas? many violent incidents that occurred in Kansas, often
involving neighbours attacking neighbours.
The tendency towards importing pro and antislavery
▪ Why were elections in Nebraska and Kansas so important? forces into the Kansas
The importance of the elections in Nebraska and Kansas was reflected in the words of pro-slavery Missouri Senator David Atchison who said "We are
playing for a mighty stake. If we win, we carry slavery to the Pacific Ocean.
▪ Who said "We are playing for a mighty stake. If we win, we carry slavery to the Pacific Ocean.”?
________________________________________
Senator david Atchison

▪ T/F - Missouri Senator David Atchison was against slavery.

Kansas-Nebraska Act
▪ The ____________________________________ repealed the Missouri Compromise.
an abolition movement
▪ An ____________________________ began in the North in reaction to the South's fierce defence
of slavery.

▪ T/F - Abolitionists opposed the Fugitive Slave Act.

▪ What famous book introduced anti-slavery ideas to an increasing number of Americans?
_________________________
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe
▪ Who wrote this book? ______________________________

▪ T/F - Many southern states banned the sale of Uncle Tom's Cabin, arguing it was biased and
misrepresented the truth.
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▪ Who is the basis for the popular anti-slavery book by Harriet Beecher Stowe? _______________

▪ T/F - Josiah Henson was one of "conductors" on the "Underground Railroad."

▪ Who was Dred Scott and why was his case so important?
▪ T/F - John Brown was against slavery.
▪ T/F - John Brown was viewed as a hero by people in the north.
Scott was a slave who judicially
challenged the institution of slavery, and
who forever changed the definition of
property in America.

▪ T/F – Abraham Lincoln led the Republican Party and won much of the southern states.

▪ T/F - Lincoln's election was a mirror image of the deep sectional divisions that existed in the
USA.

▪ What states seceded from the Union after the election?

Within days of the election South Carolina seceded from
▪ The states that seceded would later form the the____________________________
Union. Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,
of America.
Mississippi and Texas soon followed suit. Virginia,
▪ T/F – All pro-slavery supporters lived in theTennessee,
south. North Carolina and Arkansas would later
round out the seceding states that would form the break
away Confederate States of America.
 What are the 10 Causes of the American Civil War?
▪ Do your best to find out what these are. Link on content doesn’t work, so another
sheet/exercise will be added later.