GROUP 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND URBANIZATION

DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKING AND THE ROLES OF

MARKET STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY

WHAT IS URBANIZATION?

Urbanization is a word for becoming more like a city. When

populations of people grow, the population of a place may spill over
from city to nearby areas. This is called urbanization. Maybe tall
apartment buildings spring up on what had been the outskirts of town,
bringing more people there to live and work.
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT?

An Environment is everything that is around us, which includes both

living and nonliving things such as soil, water, animals and plants, which
adapt themselves to their surroundings.

HOW TO IDENTIFY IF A PLACE IS URBANIZED?

INCREASED IN POPULATION - People began to move to urban areas in
search of jobs, food, housing, education, healthcare and more social
activities

BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE

Research shows that the things that affect our everyday lives — such
as education, safe streets, and access to healthy food — have an
enormous impact on overall health. These are also factors in making
cities livable and economically vital

TALL BUILDINGS/SKYSCRAPERS
Because of high population tall buildings are necessary to provide
more room for more workers, or in the residential frame, more
GROUP 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND URBANIZATION
DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKING AND THE ROLES OF
MARKET STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY
residents. In line with rising population density, and advancements in
engineering, height limits around the world are being revisited and
revised to maximize space for commercial and residential growth.
DISADVANTAGES OF URBANIZATION
POLLUTION
Vehicle emissions, fuel oils and natural gas to heat homes, by-
products of manufacturing and power generation, particularly coal-
fueled power plants, and fumes from chemical production are the
primary sources of human-made air pollution.

WASTE MISMANAGEMENT

Due to high population, waste management increases diseases such

as asthma, birth defects, cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Additionally, this are the main causes of flood most commonly in
manila areas. ( CANACELI )

HISTORY OF URBANIZED CAVITE

INFIMUS (Latin word) - Lowland.
Imus are known to have low altitude unlike to Dasmarinas, Tagaytay
etc.
IMUS - "a piece of land cutting into the junction of two rivers."
The old location of the church is in Toclong where the confluence of
the Imus and Julian rivers is located, forming a slice of land.
Imus, officially the City of Imus , is the de jure capital of
the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has
a population of 496,794 people. Imus was the site of two
major Katipunero victories during the Philippine
Revolution against Spain. The Battle of Imus was fought on September
 GROUP 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND URBANIZATION
DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKING AND THE ROLES OF
MARKET STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY
3, 1896, and the Battle of Alapan, on May 28, 1898, the day when the
first Philippine flag was flown making Imus the "Flag Capital of the
Philippines". Both events are celebrated annually in the city. The Imus
Historical Museum honors the city's history with historical
reenactment of scenes from the revolution.
REPUBLIC ACT 10161
On April 12, 2012 (RA 10161) enacted into law, converting the
Municipality of imus into city. The people of imus ratified this later on
through a plebiscite on 30 June 2012

Populatio Revenue
Total
LGU Category Score Population n Weight Revenue Weight
Percentag
(50%) (50%)

Imu Component 38.514 1,046,976,746.4

403,785 0.048 0.032 0.096
s City 7 5

( PARAM )
HOW DOES URBANIZATION AFFECTS ENVIRONMENT?
Urbanization often results in deforestation, habitat loss, and the
extraction of freshwater from the environment, which can decrease
biodiversity and alter species ranges and interactions.
THE MARCOPPER DISASTER: A TRAGEDY THAT CONTINUES IN
PEOPLE’S VEINS
On March 24, 1996, a drainage tunnel in Marcopper Mining Corp.'s
mining pit in Marinduque bursts, spilling 1.6 million cubic meters of
toxic mine tailings. It leaves villages buried in floodwater and the Boac
River dead. The incident is regarded as the worst mining accident in the
history of the Philippines.
GROUP 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND URBANIZATION
DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKING AND THE ROLES OF
MARKET STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY
Heavy metal runs through Racquel Logatoc’s veins. The 52-year-old
village chief of Bocboc, Marinduque suffers from skin irritation, fatigue
and body pains. Tests done in 2013 and 2017 detected the harmful
substance in her blood. In February, she was back at the Batangas
Medical Center for further monitoring.
LARGEST SURFACE MINE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Carmen Copper Mine in Toledo City Cebu, was the largest surface
mine in Philippines, producing approximately 20.15 million metric tons
per annum (mmtpa) of Run-of-Mine (ROM) and primarily produced
copper (47.65 thousand tonnes) in 2021

DECEMBER 21, 2021 MONDAY 4:15PM

A landslide occurred at the open pit’s north wall at around 4:15 p.m.
on Monday, December 21.Initial investigations revealed there was no
mining activity in the area on that day. Landslide debris fell on the
water at the pit bottom which has an elevation 41m above sea level
and created a tsunami-like wave that reached an elevation of 105
meters in the southern portion of the pit where the workers were
located. 4 fatalities were recorded and 6 remained missing as reported
by the mining company during a meeting with MGB 7. ( BASINCE )

TRANSFORMING RICE FIELDS INTO RESIDENTIAL OR COMMERCIAL

CENTERS

Rice fields are turned into residential or commercial centers negatively

affects our natural resources. The effect on this is a decreased amount
of rich land that can be used to produce rice, a staple food for the
country. We are already short in terms of rice as it is
because farmers are not given the right support and our technology is
GROUP 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND URBANIZATION
DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKING AND THE ROLES OF
MARKET STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY
not properly utilized. By converting rice fields to subdivisions and
commercial places, we further endanger our own food security. Below
are some more information on the effect on the environment and
natural resources.

FOOD SECURITY
Perhaps the most immediate and alarming negative effect would be on
food security. Without rice fields, we will rely more on importation. In
times of crisis, we cannot be sure of the supply coming from other
countries--if there is going to be supply at all. If we are not rice-
sufficient, we risk creating a rice crisis which has happened in the past.
This could also mean civil disturbances and even lawlessness as people
become desperate to stock up on rice.

HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

As rapid urbanization happens, the areas where buildings and people
converge would become hotter than nearby areas. Because there are
lesser plants and greeneries to absorb the extra heat and carbon
dioxide, more of this heat and carbon would be released into the
atmosphere, contributing to global warming. This would also strain
energy requirements as more people would turn on their electric fans
and air conditioners to fight the heat, further releasing carbon into the
air as we use mostly fossil fuel in terms of our energy production.

(CARLO)
GROUP 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND URBANIZATION
DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKING AND THE ROLES OF
MARKET STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY
WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT POLICY ?
This are plans or actions designed to encourage economic and social
development especially the reduction of poverty.

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKING ?

Development policy aims to eradicate poverty, reduce inequality and
achieve sustainable development.
EXAMPLE OF DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF PRES. FERDINAND R. MARCOS JR.
EDUCATION- In his first State of the Nation Address, President
Ferdinand Marcos Jr. described his plans for improving the education
system, which revolved around reconsidering the use of English as the
medium of instruction in schools and enhancing students’ performance
in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).
REASON BEHIND THE PLAN- The Philippine education must focus on
math and science subject. Among 79 participating countries, the
Philippines scored the second lowest in math and science in the 2018
Program for International Student Assessment (PISA
( BASE )

MODES OF DEVELOPMENTAL PLANNING

1ECONOMIC PLAN
1.1COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – includes education, health, Industries,
infrastructures and policies.
2.1PARTIAL PLAN- Specific and focus on a sudden sector of economic
and provide structure detailed
2PLANNING PROCESS – guidelines that helps to accelerate economic
growth bring structure chang of the entire economic and make it
GROUP 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND URBANIZATION
DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKING AND THE ROLES OF
MARKET STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY
balance and sustainable. It includes economic objectives, targets,
framework and coordination.
2.1AGGREGATE GROWTH MODEL – it is a macrolevel that involves
saving, investment, capital, stocks, exports, imports and foreign
assistance
- Forecast the economic nation for 3-5 years
- Determine the growthrate of national output
2.2MULTISECTORAL OUTPUT- Comprehensive development plan for
the entire economy
- Most portion are controlled by the government, it is common
in mixed economy.
- Includes subsistence, small scale are jointly owned for
invested types of operation. Therefore, it is a complex and
interdisciplinary model because of its structure
INPUT/OUTPUT MODEL- Responsible for social accounting metrics also
known as SEM therefore it provides a comprehensive and detailed
quantitative description of the interlationship of the economic
- Evaluates the impact of an alternative different policies.
2.3 PROJECT APPRAISAL MODEL- Acts as a linkage for a technology
while its principle and practices are based on microeconomics.
- it helps to understand the current potential benefits of a
process in social and private sector
3.REASON FOR FAILURE-
- GAP BETWEEN THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING AND THE PRACTICAL
OUTCOMES
- POOR RESOURCE MOBILIZATION OF THE RESOURCES
- UNRELIABLE OR INSUFFICIENT DATA IN THE DEVELOPING NATION.
GROUP 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND URBANIZATION
DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKING AND THE ROLES OF
MARKET STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY
- OPEN ECONOMY
- LACK OF POLITICAL WILL.

ROLE OF MARKET – fullfills the demand that consumers wants. A place

where parties can gather to facilitate the exchange of goods and
services.
- Creates ideas and innovations from various group of people,
society and nation

Market has the control for production and growth. The more the
market is productive then the income of the nation increases. However,
there are instances that the market gives high priced products that
affects the society. Therefore to lessen the priced for example in rice,
the government import goods outside the country. This give benefits to
the consumer but also affects the filipino farmers

STATE - Takes into action when market fails. Usually they play as the
creator of subsidies or alternatives.

INCENTIVES – creates small interprise to lessen monopoly ( ex.

Mangyan katutubo enterprises kopra )

CIVIL SOCIETY-social sphere seperated from government,

enterprise/corporation and private life.
Ex. Religious organization and NGOs
GROUP 3: ENVIRONMENTAL AND URBANIZATION
DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKING AND THE ROLES OF
MARKET STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY
Because of their advocacy they helps the state including the citizen.
They are groupof people with same interest that helps to lessen
poverty inequlity etc.
For ex. IBON Foundation that promotes understanding of
socioeconomics that serves the interest and aspirations of filipinos