For the MCO FORMAT (International Marketing)

1 Background of the country (QATAR)

(
Qatar, an impoverished British protectorate known mostly for pearling, was ruled by the Al Thani family
from the middle of the 1800s until it became an independent state with substantial oil and natural gas
earnings. Amir ruled Qatar since 1972 and continuously siphoned off petroleum income, which had a
crippling effect on the country's economy in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
) 62 words

Qatar was dominated by the Al Thani family from the middle of the 1800s until it became an
independent state with significant oil and natural gas earnings. Qatar was a poor British protectorate
known primarily for pearling. The economy of Qatar suffered greatly in the late 1980s and early 1990s
due to the constant siphoning off of petroleum income under the leadership of Amir, who governed
Qatar since 1972. 69 words

Qatar, an impoverished British protectorate known mostly for pearling, was ruled by the Al
Thani family from the middle of the 1800s until it became an independent state with substantial oil and
natural gas earnings.
The amir, who had ruled Qatar since 1972, had continuously siphoned off petroleum income,
which had a crippling effect on the country's economy in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He was toppled
in a bloodless coup in 1995 by his son, the present Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani.
Qatar's long-running boundary disputes with Bahrain and Saudi Arabia were settled in 2001.
Qatar's per capita income is not significantly lower than that of the most advanced industrial nations in
Western Europe because to income from oil and natural gas.

In the 1760s, members of the Al-Khalifa of the Utub tribe migrated to Qatar from Kuwait and central
Arabia and established a pearling and commercial base in Zubarah in the north. From there the Al-
Khalifa expanded their territory by occupying Bahrain, which they have ruled ever since. The Al-Thai, the
current ruling family, established themselves after years of contention with the Al-Khalifa, who still held
claims to the Qatar peninsula through most of the nineteenth century. In 1867, Britain recognized
Mohammad bin Thani as the representative of the Qatari people. A few years later, Qasim Al-Thani
(Mohammad's son) accepted the title of governor from the Ottoman Turks, who were trying to establish
authority in the region. Qasim Al-Thani's defeat of the Turks in 1893 usually is recognized as a
confirmation of Qatar's autonomy. In 1916, Abdullah bin Qasim Al-Thani (Qasim's son) entered an
agreement with Britain that effectively established the Al-Thani as the ruling family. That agreement
provided for British protection and special rights for British subjects and ensured that Britain would have
a say in Qatar's foreign relations. The increase in state income from oil concessions strengthened the Al-
Thani's position.

When Britain announced its intention to withdraw from the region, Qatar considered joining a
federation with Bahrain and the seven Trucial States. However, agreement could not be reached on the
terms of federation, and Qatar adopted a constitution declaring independence in 1971. The constitution
states that the ruler will always be chosen from the Al-Thani family and will be assisted by a council of
ministers and a consultative council. The consultative council was never elected; instead, there is an
advisory council appointed by the ruler. Despite periodic protests against the concentration of power
and occasional disputes within the ruling family, the Al-Thani's size, wealth, and policies have
maintained a stable regime.

Read more: https://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Qatar.html#ixzz7joRRT8gi

A. Language and the Culture

The official language is Arabic. It's common to hear Farsi, English, and Urdu spoken. Arabic is strongly
related to Islam, therefore its use helps to preserve the country's and its people's Islamic identity. Arabic
is the name given to the dialect of Arabic that is spoken in Qatar and other Gulf States. – 52 words

Family, historical artifacts, and pictures of the monarch are examples of symbols of national identity.
When referring to fellow citizens as "brother," "sister," or "cousin," Qataris frequently use an idiom of
family and/or tribalism that excludes foreign workers while including those who share citizenship.
Bedouin tents and carpets, hunting falcons, camels, weaponry, sailing ships, pearls, and pearl diving
gear are just a few examples of the objects and concepts used to represent Qatar's past that are
connected to desert nomadism and maritime trade. – 83 words

Linguistic Affiliation. The official language is Arabic. English, Farsi, and Urdu are widely spoken. Arabic is
closely associated with the Islamic faith; thus, its use reinforces the Islamic identity of the nation and its
citizens. The Qatari dialect of Arabic is similar to the version spoken in the other Gulf States and is called
Arabic. The adjective khaleeji ("of the Gulf") that is used to describe the local dialect also distinguishes
citizens of the six Gulf States from north African and Levantine Arabs.

Farsi, the official language of Iran, is also widely spoken by families that trace their descent from that
country. As a result of the influx of foreign workers, many other languages are commonly spoken,
including English, Urdu and Hindi, Malalayam, and Tagalog. While many Qataris speak more than one
language, it is very rare for immigrants to learn Arabic. Interactions between Arabs and foreign workers
are conducted in English or the language of the expatriate.

Symbolism. Symbols of national identity include the family, items associated with the nation's past, and
images of the ruler. Qataris often employ an idiom of kinship and/or tribalism, referring to compatriots
as "brother," "sister," or "cousin." This linguistic convention signals the inclusion of those sharing
citizenship while excluding foreign workers. Images and ideas associated with desert nomadism and
maritime trade that are used to evoke Qatar's past include Bedouin tents and carpets, falcons used for
hunting, camels, weapons, sailing vessels, and pearls and pearl diving equipment. Traditional
architectural features also serve as national symbols, such as the wind towers that cooled

Qatar
Qatar
homes before the introduction of electricity and the carved gypsum panels on buildings erected before
1940.
The date on which Qatar received independence from Great Britain in 1971 and the anniversary of the
ruler's accession to office are celebrated as national holidays. The nation's flag, the state seal, and
photographs of the rulers are displayed prominently in public places and local publications. Qataris also
celebrate Islamic holidays.

Read more: https://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Qatar.html#ixzz7joQzADOI

https://www.expatica.com/qa/living/integration/culture-and-social-etiquette-in-qatar-70936/

B. Political and legal differences

Political Life

Since the nation's independence, the Al Thani family has held the position of power. The majority of the
Al Thani family's high ranking officials, including the Emir and numerous ministers in the government,
are men. However, certain important positions have been filled by people outside the royal family.
Political relations will be impacted by disagreements or divisions among the many Al Thani family
members due to the concentration of power within this huge kin group. – 75 words

Government. . S Since independence the country's rulers have been of one particular family, the Al
Thani. The Emir and many of the cabinet of ministers, as well as other high ranking officials are members
of the Al Thani family (a large patrilineally related kin group) and are overwhelmingly male. However,
some high level appointments have been made outside of the ruling family. Because of the
concentration of power within the Al Thani, divisions or disputes among members of this large kin group
will influence political relations. In 1998, Qatar held open elections for a "municipal council." This was
the first election ever held in Qatar, and the campaigning was not only lively but drew in large portions
of Qatar's citizenry. While a number of women ran for office, none were elected in this first vote. Both
women and men turned out to vote for representatives from their residential sectors. The Municipal
Council represents local residential sectors to other governmental bodies.

C. Economic differences

The economy of Qatar is among the most robust in the region and one of the most promising in the
world. Qatar maintained balanced growth rates in the face of global concerns, and its GDP increased by
more than 12% in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the first. In keeping with the policies put in
place by HH the Amir and the Qatar National Vision 2030, which aims to establish the groundwork for a
competitive and diversified knowledge-based economy, Qatar has been successful in bolstering its
economic status on the global stage during the past few years. Qatar offers an encouraging climate for
investment in the key industries that make up the country's economy, and it has a supportive
administrative and legal framework. – 124 words

Qatar’s Economy is one of the region’s strongest economies and one of the world’s most promising
economies. Qatar maintained balanced growth rates despite global challenges, with Qatar’s GDP having
expanded by over 12% in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of the same year.
Over the past few years, Qatar has succeeded in reinforcing its economic standing on the world map, in
accordance with the policies adopted by HH the Amir, and in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030,
which aims to lay the foundations for a diversified and competitive knowledge-based economy. Qatar
provides a promising investment environment in the most important sectors for the national economy
and has accompanied it with an administrative and legislative system that motivates business.

https://www.heritage.org/index/country/qatar
https://www.gco.gov.qa/en/focus/economic-policy/

D. Weather conditions

Desert climate prevails in Qatar. Long summers last from May to September and are marked by
stifling dry heat with highs of over 45°C. Despite being moderate, wintertime temperatures can drop
below 5°C. The country only experiences rain throughout the winter, with the north receiving 30% more
rain than the south. Shamal winds, which produce sand and dust storms all year long, have an effect on
Qatar. -68 words

Qatar has a desert climate. The country experiences long summers from May to September
characterized by intense dry heat, with temperatures rising above 45°C. Winter temperatures are mild
but may fall below 5°C. Rainfall is only experienced during the winter with the northern parts of the
country receiving 30% more rainfall than the south. Qatar is impacted by Shamal winds, which cause
sand and dust storms throughout the year.

The cause for this natural variability can be due to quasi random internal variability of the
coupled atmosphere-ocean-land-ice system (as weather variability is drawn out over many years). A
prime example for a cause of that category is the variability induced by El Niño – Southern Oscillation.
Other causes can be the influence from periodic “forcing” events of non-human nature, such as
explosive volcanic eruptions. These natural factors (internal as well as natural forcing) are summarized
under “internal climate variability”. This internal climate variability is always present, sometimes a bit
more exaggerated, sometimes a bit less. A climatology, therefore, has to be understood as a mean with
variability around it. Variability can be very large from year to year (i.e., the high latitudes), and in a few
locations, and for specific variables, it can be small (i.e., temperatures in the tropics).

In contrast to natural variability, anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and resulting changes in
atmospheric concentrations (i.e., CO2, methane) together land surface changes and aerosol impose a
different forcing on the climate system. The search for climate change signals tries to separate their
effects from the natural background variability. That signal can show as changes in the magnitude of the
variability as well as through a systematic trend overtime.

https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/qatar/trends-variability-historical

https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/qatar

E. Infrastructure

Since the 1950s, Qatar has used oil riches in building and developing its enormous and highly
developed infrastructure. Over 1,230 kilometers of principal and minor roadways connect Doha with the
main industrial and oil-producing regions of the nation. Around 1,107 kilometers of these roads are
paved. There are no railroads in the nation. Two of Qatar's four airports have unpaved runways. Its main
airport is Doha International Airport. Doha is served by 28 airlines, which also bring in the majority of the
nation's visitors. Doha, Halul Island, and Umm Sa'id are Qatar's three harbors and ports. – 96 words

Qatar enjoys an extensive and highly-developed infrastructure that has been built and
developed with oil wealth since the 1950s. The country is served by a network of over 1,230 kilometers
(764 miles) of primary and secondary roads, linking Doha with major industrial and oil producing areas.
Most of these roads, some 1,107 kilometers (688 miles), are paved. The country has no railway system.
Qatar has 4 airports, 2 of which have unpaved runways. Doha International Airport is the country's
major airport. Twenty-eight airlines service Doha and bring in most of the country's tourists. Qatar has 3
ports and harbors: Doha, Halul Island, and Umm Sa'id.

F. Prevalence of crime

Estimates of unlawful homicides committed on purpose as a result of marital disputes,

interpersonal violence, violent fights over natural resources, intergang fighting for territory or control,
and murderous predation by armed groups are known as intentional homicides. The distinction between
intentional killing and intentional homicide largely lies in how the act was carried out. Homicide is
typically committed by lone individuals or small groups, but killing in armed conflict is typically
performed by somewhat cohesive groups with up to several hundred members and is therefore typically
omitted. – 87 words

Intentional homicides are estimates of unlawful homicides purposely inflicted as a result of

domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, intergang violence over
turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. Intentional homicide does not
include all intentional killing; the difference is usually in the organization of the killing. Individuals or
small groups usually commit homicide, whereas killing in armed conflict is usually committed by fairly
cohesive groups of up to several hundred members and is thus usually excluded.
Qatar crime rate & statistics for 2020 was 0.42, a 7.23% increase from 2019.
Qatar crime rate & statistics for 2019 was 0.39, a 8.04% increase from 2018.
Qatar crime rate & statistics for 2018 was 0.36, a 18.37% decline from 2017.
Qatar crime rate & statistics for 2017 was 0.44, a 2.59% decline from 2016.

2.SeLection of Entry Mode

Entry into the Qatari market has many benefits, but it also has several limitations. A government
law sets a ceiling on the amount of money that foreign investors can invest, up to a particular
percentage. The international investors must also have a Qatari partner who holds the majority of the
partnership's shares. Foreign investment is nevertheless permitted in some economic sectors, including
agriculture, health, and education. Foreign investors who want to make investments in the financial
sector of the economy must obtain a license from the government. Foreign investment is subject to
stringent limitations in both the real estate and communications industries. – 102 words

As in many Middle Eastern countries, personal engagement with potential agents and partners
is key to successfully conducting business in Qatar. Before booking travel, please confirm you meet entry
requirements with the Qatari government, particularly given strict testing, quarantine, and pre-arrival
entry permit requirements due to Covid-19.
 Entry into the Qatar market experiences both a lot of advantages and restrictions. There is a
government law that limits the investment level by foreign investors up to a certain percentage. The
foreign investors are also required to have a partner from Qatar who has the majority share in the
partnership. However, foreign investment is allowed in some sectors of the economy like health,
education, tourism and agriculture. The government is mandated to license foreign investors wishing to
invest in the financial sector of the economy. There are strict restrictions regarding foreign investment in
the real estate and also the communication sector.

https://eduraven.com/market-entry-strategy-project-on-qatar/

3.Market Selection

4.Producf for Foreign Market

https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/qatar-market-opportunities

5. SUPPORT of the governmenf for you as exporter and the receiving country.
https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/qatar-opportunities-foodfarming-sector

6. Packing, Marking and Labelling

https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/qatar-labelingmarking-requirements

7. DIstribution Channels

https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/qatar-distribution-and-sales-channels#:~:text=A
%20variety%20of%20distribution%20and,and%20convenience%20stores%20(5%25).

8. TrAde In Services
https://mofa.gov.qa/en/qatar/economy-today/trade

9.Getting Paid in Export

Banking Services. What are these?

QATAR CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY (QCCI)

www.qatarchamber.com

Qatar chamber of commerce and industry was established in 1963. The members of the board of
directors were appointed by an Emiri decree until the law No 11 for 1966 was issued to stipulate that
these members be chosen by free direct ballot.

The chamber is concerned with the collection of information and statistics of interest to those working
in the field of trade, industry and agriculture, and with providing government authorities with the
required data and information on trade, industry and agriculture. Moreover it provides consultations
about the establishment of stock markets and the organization of trade, industrial and agricultural
exhibitions and markets.

As a committed member of the World Trade Organization and international financing organizations,
Qatar has completed its integration in the international free trade and economy order. It does not levy
personal income taxes or export fees. Customs duties are as low as 4%. With a distinguished banking
system and no restrictions on the movement of capitals from the country, the whole of Qatar represents
a free economic zone in which investors can make considerable gains.

Qatar fully integrates into the international free trade and economy system, and represents a
committed member to the World Trade Organization, in addition to being a member of the international
financing bodies. Qatar is distinguished by having a good banking sector, as there are no restrictions on
the transfer of capital abroad; making it a free trade zone that investors can make significant financial
profits from.
https://mofa.gov.qa/en/qatar/economy-today/trade

10. Technological Development - Recent trends in the transaction of business

https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/qatar-e-commerce-opportunities

Qatar’s National Vision 2030 includes a specific objective for the Ministry of Transport and
Communications (MOTC) to develop a world-class technology infrastructure and services to enhance the
quality of life in Qatar. To this end, since 2015, Qatar has undertaken an ambitious information and
communications technology (ICT) expansion initiative, including several programs to kickstart public and
private sector modernization in ICT infrastructure, e-government, and cybersecurity.

The ICT modernization efforts over the last five years have created an increasingly modern digital
environment that is capable of supporting e-commerce. Lucrative incomes, high credit card penetration,
and high-speed mobile and landline internet all contribute to an environment conducive to e-commerce
adoption. Up until Covid-19, consumers generally still preferred to shop in stores, due to cultural affinity
and easy access to modern shopping centers. However, despite the preference for in-person shopping,
e-commerce grew notably from 2018 to 2019. According to a MOTC e-commerce survey in March 2019,
the e-commerce penetration rate in Qatar in 2019 more than doubled over 2018 (37% in 2019 versus
15% in 2018). In addition, the same survey showed major shifts from 2018 to 2019 in terms of consumer
preference for mobile app/site shopping over desktop shopping.
No 1 item shall be discussed in 50 words each

No 2 to 10 shall be discussed in 100 words per item.

THIs shall be subjected to turnitin plagiarism check..

Please be guided accordingly. Also sending in here the rubric which shall Be the basis for deriving your
grade.
Thank you and be guided accordingly