1. Bone is composed of connective tissues and minerals that provide structure and support. It is constantly remodeled through the processes of bone formation and resorption.
2. Bones can be classified based on their shape as either long, short, flat, irregular or sesamoid. They contain red or yellow bone marrow and have an outer layer of compact bone and an inner layer of spongy bone.
3. The skull protects the brain and is formed from multiple flat and irregular bones that fuse together, including the frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxilla bones. The facial bones form the structures of the face.
1. Bone is composed of connective tissues and minerals that provide structure and support. It is constantly remodeled through the processes of bone formation and resorption.
2. Bones can be classified based on their shape as either long, short, flat, irregular or sesamoid. They contain red or yellow bone marrow and have an outer layer of compact bone and an inner layer of spongy bone.
3. The skull protects the brain and is formed from multiple flat and irregular bones that fuse together, including the frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxilla bones. The facial bones form the structures of the face.
1. Bone is composed of connective tissues and minerals that provide structure and support. It is constantly remodeled through the processes of bone formation and resorption.
2. Bones can be classified based on their shape as either long, short, flat, irregular or sesamoid. They contain red or yellow bone marrow and have an outer layer of compact bone and an inner layer of spongy bone.
3. The skull protects the brain and is formed from multiple flat and irregular bones that fuse together, including the frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxilla bones. The facial bones form the structures of the face.
1. Bone is composed of connective tissues and minerals that provide structure and support. It is constantly remodeled through the processes of bone formation and resorption.
2. Bones can be classified based on their shape as either long, short, flat, irregular or sesamoid. They contain red or yellow bone marrow and have an outer layer of compact bone and an inner layer of spongy bone.
3. The skull protects the brain and is formed from multiple flat and irregular bones that fuse together, including the frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxilla bones. The facial bones form the structures of the face.
1. contains substances that are essential for an ongoing process the make-up of our bones since the 32. one of the major factors affect bone cartilages, tendons, ligaments, and even remodeling our bones, are connective tissues. 33. stimulates osteoclasts whereas and 2. is a tough and rope-like protein giving our Calcitonin stimulates formation of tendons, ligaments and cartilages great osteoblasts. amount of strength like steel bars reinforced 34. stimulates cartilage and bone growth in a concrete. 35. also influence sex-related differences in 3. the mineral in bone is in the form of calcium skeletal growth phosphate crystals DIVISION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM 4. are large molecules consisting of 36. a hole in a bone is called a polysaccharides attached to core proteins 37. tunnel-like passage through the bone, it is 5. are longer than they are wide and have called a knobby ends where the articulations form 38. A depression in a bone is called a 6. a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called 39. A lump on a bone is called a 7. Dense connective tissues on the outside 40. and a projection from a bone is called 8. thinner inner lining called 41. _______ and ________ are sites of muscle 9. shaft or body attachment on the bone 10. head of each end of a long bone 42. The smooth, rounded end of a bone, where 11. marrow cavity or space that contains it forms a joint with another bone, is called a yellow marrow The axial skeleton consists of 12. are equal in length and width, making them ______________ nearly cube-shaped. Appendicular skeleton consists 13. are thin and provide both protection and of__________ surfaces for muscle attachments. The bones of the skull, sternum, and ribs are all at bones 14. have complex shapes, such as those of the face and vertebral column. BONE HISTOLOGY 15. function in the formation of bone, as well as in the repair and remodeling of bone. 16. contribute to bone repair and remodeling by removing existing bone. 17. Bone is formed in thin sheets of extracellular matrix called 18. with osteocytes located between the lamellae within spaces called 19. Two types of bone tissue 20. is strong and dense, provides protection and support, and resists the stresses produced by weight and movement. is found beneath the periosteum of all bones and makes up the bulk of long bones 21. contain osteocytes, and smaller channels called canaliculi 22. also known as cancellous bone 23. cancellous bone, contains irregular lattices of thin bone columns called__________. This tissue must be covered by compact bone or cartilage because it could be damaged easily if exposed. 24. _______spaces between the trabeculae of CRANIAL BONES some bones are filled with red bone 43. forms the forehead, roofs of the eye marrow. sockets, and front part of the cranial floor 25. Spongy bone is found mostly in 44. form the sides and roof of the cranium (2) _________and irregular bones 45. form the lower side of the cranium and part 26. process of bone formation of the cranial floor 27. Bones form initially in the embryo by two The temporal bones have several features processes.(2) 46. They form joints with the jawbone 28. bone forms directly from mesenchyme, (mandible) called the occurs in the at bones of the skull, 47. is the canal that leads to the middle ear. mandible, and clavicle 48. is a point of attachment for some of the 29. bone forms within and replaces cartilage. muscles involved in head movement Intramembranous ossification is the simpler 49. The carotid artery passes through a of these two processes. foramen called the 30. break down the inner surface of the 50. serves as a point of attachment for the medullary cavity but at a slower rate than tongue and neck muscles the bone forms on the outer surface. So, 51. The first cervical vertebra attaches to the the medullary cavity grows in diameter as occipital bone at two processes called the the bone thickens. 52. is in the middle of the cranial floor and is where all the other cranial bones attach, VERTEBRAL COLUMN like the keystone joining two arches to form 73. also called the spine, spinal column, or a doorway. backbone) protects the spinal cord, 53. depression of the sphenoid bone called the supports the head and neck, permits 54. The optic nerve passes through movement, and provides attachment points its________, and the mandibular nerve for the back muscles, ribs, and pelvis. passes through its ___________ 74. vertebral column consists of 26 bones 55. The ____________forms the anterior part called of the cranial floor, the medial part of the 75. is the thick, disc-shaped anterior portion eye sockets, and superior portions of the that bears weight nasal cavity. It has 3 to 18 __________and 76. extends posteriorly from the body. mucus-lined _________ that warm and 77. is an opening through which the spinal cord moisten inhaled air and trap foreign passes. particles. The __________and _______ a 78. (1) projects from the laminae; it serves as ridge on the superior portion of the ethmoid attachment point for muscles. bone, serves as an attachment point for the 79. are lateral extensions that serve as meninges. This is surrounded by the attachment points for muscles. _________ through which the nerves 80. (2) attach to vertebra above. associated with the receptors for smell pass 81. (7) are in the neck region. Each cervical from the nose into the brain. vertebra has three openings (foramina) 56. The skull consists of______ and ________ 82. are posterior to the chest cavity and serve that surrounds and protect the brain as attachments for the ribs. FACIAL BONES 83. (5) form the lower back. 57. (2) form the bridge of the nose. 84. consists of 5 fused vertebrae and forms the 58. (2) form the upper jawbone and join with all posterior wall of the pelvis. Blood vessels the other facial bones except the mandible and nerves pass through the openings (lower jawbone) 85. sometimes referred to as the tailbone, 59. (2) form the posterior portion of the hard consists of 4 fused vertebrae. palate, part of the lower eye sockets, and 86. A lateral curvature that causes the part of the floor and the sides of the nasal spine to “lean” to one side more than cavity. the other. This condition is seen more 60. are holes that allow passage of the mental commonly in females than in males. nerve 61. (2) form the cheek prominences and part of 87. —An exaggeration of the thoracic the wall of the eye sockets. They form joints curve that forms a “humpback” with the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and appearance temporal bones. 88. exaggeration of the lumbar curve that 62. (2) are the smallest, thinnest bones on the causes a “sway back.” medial eye socket. They house the tear THORACIC CAGE ducts, which tunnel through to the nasal 89. articulates with the collarbone, or cavity. This is why your nose runs when you cry. clavicle, and the first rib. 63. (2) project into the nasal cavity to filter air 90. is made of cartilage that ossifies by before it passes toward the trachea and age 40 No ribs attach to this pointed lungs structure, which rescuers use to locate 64. joins with the maxillae and the palatine the proper hand position for bones to form the floor of the nasal cavity. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). FEATURES OF THE SKULL 91. The sternum attaches directly to the 65. is a special type of immovable joint that first through seventh pairs of ribs by a joins most of the skull bones. form of hyaline cartilage 4 major sutures in the skull: 66. unites the frontal bone and two parietal called_____________ bones 92. Rib pairs 1 through 7 are 67. attaches the two parietal bones. called_______ 68. joins the parietal bones to the occipital 93. Rib pairs through 8-12 are called_____ bone. 94. Rib pairs 11 and 12 are referred to as 69. seal the parietal bones to the temporal __________ bones. 95. The sternum is made of three parts 70. are found in the sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, that fuse by age _________ and maxillary bones. They produce mucus, lighten the weight of the skull, and serve as echo chambers, which produce the unique sounds of your voice 71. are mesenchyme-filled spaces between the cranial bones of infants at birth. These soft spots compress as the baby passes through the birth canal 72. is located in the neck, between the mandible and larynx. It is suspended from the styloid process of each temporal bone by ligaments and muscle.