Hypoparathyroidism

Umaymah H. Maulana
Christian Anthony L.Gamolo

Professor:
Christian V. Villan MAN,RN
Contents
Definition
Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic
Procedures incorporated in the
Pathophysiology
Medical Interventions
Surgical Interventions if applicable
Nursing Interventions
I
N
T
R Hypoparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid
glands don't produce enough parathyroid hormone.
O
There are four small parathyroid glands in the neck
D behind the thyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone
U controls the levels of calcium and phosphorus, so too
C little parathyroid hormone causes abnormal levels of
T Calcium.
I
O
N
Definition

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition where

the parathyroid glands, which are in the neck
near the thyroid gland, produce too little
parathyroid hormone.
Causes of Hypoparathyroidism

Damage or manipulation of the thyroid or parathyroid gland

(thyroidectomy)
Low magnesium level (hypomagnesemia): parathyroid gland
doesn’t function properly if there are low magnesium levels
Autoimmune: body attacks the gland
Body resistant: parathyroid gland working great but the bones
and kidneys not receptive to PTH

 Sign and Symptoms

Tingling or burning in the fingertips, Other signs and symptoms

toes and lips associated with
Muscle aches or cramps in the legs, hypoparathyroidism can
feet, stomach or face include:
Twitching or spasms of muscles, Painful menstrual
particularly around the mouth, but also periods
in the hands, arms and throat Patchy hair loss
Fatigue or weakness Dry, coarse skin

Brittle nails
Depression or anxiety

Clinical Manifestation

Tetany (Chvostek/Trousseau signs)

Muscle twitching and cramping
Weakness
Headache
* Electrocardiogram changes (prolonged OT interval)
-Altered sensorium
a Increased bone density
Cataracts and basal ganglia calcifications

Diagnostic Procedures incorporated in the

Pathophysiology
 Medical Intervention

Oral calcium supplements — as tablets, chews or liquid — can

increase calcium levels in your blood.
Vitamin D. High doses of vitamin D, generally in the form of calcitriol,
can help your body absorb calcium and eliminate phosphorus.

Magnesium. If your magnesium level is low and you're experiencing

symptoms of hypoparathyroidism, you may need to take a
magnesium supplement.
Thiazide diuretics. If your calcium levels remain low even with
treatment, or if the amount of calcium in your urine is very high,
thiazide diuretics can help decrease the amount of calcium lost
through your urine.

 Nursing Intervention

Monitor VS, airway, labs, educate diet (high calcium, low phosphate)
Administer Medications: Goal of medications are to increase calcium
levels and decrease phosphate levels
IV calcium (if severe) Calcium Gluconate
Oral calcium supplements with vitamin D (side effects: GI upset,
constipation, increase risk of renal stones)
Phosphate-binders: Aluminum carbonate to remove phosphate into
stool (take after meal)
Parathyroid replacement: Natpara (injection)…watch calcium
levels, GI upset, or parathesia

Surgical Tracheotomy or Mechanical

ventilation may become necessary,
Intervention along with Broncho dilating
medication if patient develops
respiratory distress.
" Hormonal replacement therapy
Advice
Diet:
-High cal ,Vit D, Low phosphate
Surgical
Intervention Tracheotomy or Mechanical ventilation
may become necessary, along with
Broncho dilating medication if patient
develops respiratory distress.
" Hormonal replacement therapy
Advice.
Diet:
-High cal ,Vit D, Low phosphate
Thank
YOU!!!