4 Rheology Additives RHEOBYKs

WEBseminar Rheology Additives
RHEOBYK Associativ Thickeners

Diana Walter, Technical Service Architectural Coatings
Carsten Erkens, Technical Service Wood Coatings
April 13, 2021

RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners
Viscosity Profile
Shear Rate Dependency
low shear medium shear high shear

Storage – drying period settling / leveling / sag in can viscosity production / application
100
storage transportation production
leveling can viscosity application

viscosity h (Pas)
under stirring
settling sagging
Rheometer
Brookfield
Flow cup 4 mm ICI
cone / plate
Krebs-Stormer
0.01
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000
shear rate D (1/s)
Page 2 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

Pseudoplastic Flow
Fast Structure Recovery
Higher molecular weight chains at rest: Higher molecular weight based products e.g.
100 entangled, structure builds up via • Polyurethanes → RHEOBYK H-M-L-T
association with resin and pigments • Acrylics → RHEOBYK HV80 / LP R 21675
• Amides and Derivates → RHEOBYK 440
viscosity h (Pas)
high molecular weight chains at high shear:

disentanglement, oriented in flow direction
Control
settling – leveling / sagging grinding
storage transportation stirring application
0.01
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000
shear rate D (1 / s)

Water-Borne Systems
Classical Structures
HEAT:
HEAT*     Hydrophobic ethoxylated
aminoplast technology
* May contain traces of Formaldehyde
HEUR:
HEUR     Hydrophobic
ethoxylated urethan
 Connecting groups Compatibility providing units Hydrophobic groups

Water-Borne Systems
Classical Structures
HEAT:
HEAT*     Hydrophobic ethoxylated
aminoplast technology
* May contain traces of Formaldehyde
HEUR:
HEUR     Hydrophobic
ethoxylated urethan
 Connecting groups Compatibility providing units Hydrophobic groups

Working Mechanism
Associative thickening:
Hydrophobes on a water-soluble polymer interact with emulsion particles & build a network
Water Hydrophobe
Polyethylene glycol
Emulsion
particles
Effectiveness depends on emulsion type solids content, emulsion particle size, emulsifier composition,
surfactants used, co-solvent polarity, and tinting pastes

Product Differentiation
Properties:
Viscosity µ (Pa·s)
• Pseudoplastic or newtonian
• Effective at all shear rate ranges - Control
• Sag resistance improvement - Low Shear Thickener
• Leveling improvement - High Shear Thickener
- Thickener Combination
• Easy in-can viscosity adjustment
• High shear effect – „alkyd feeling“
• Anti-spatter properties
• pH independent
• High transparency
0.01 0.1 1.0 1000 10000
LOW SHEAR HIGH SHEAR

Shear rate D (1/s)

General Properties
Liquid products
• easy handling
• ready to use
• possible to post-add
• easy to incorporate
HEUR-Types, don’t need any kind of „activation“

• pH adjustment or temperature increase
Provide, esp. in combination, an excellent balanced rheology profile

• application properties, sprayability, brushability, rollability (spatter resistance)
• storage stability
• sag resistance / leveling
• water resistant, hydrophobicity
• no gloss reduction
• etc.
Seite 8 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

General Properties
All RHEOBYK types meet latest demands on environmental requirements
All grades are:

➢ Alkylphenolethoxylates (APEO)-free
➢ Organotin compounds -free
➢ Formaldehyde-free
➢ Very low in Volatile Organic Compound (<1500ppm)
This leads to the compliancy with regulations such as:

➢ Specification IOS-MAT-0066 (IKEA)
➢ EU Ecolabel
➢ Nordic Swan
➢ German Blue Angel
➢ etc.

Low shear high shear
RHEOBYK-7600 anti-spatter, brush ability

h (Pas)
RHEOBYK-7610 RHEOBYK-L 1400 VF
RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF
RHEOBYK-H 7625 VF
RHEOBYK-T 1010 VF
RHEOBYK-H 7500 VF
10
RHEOBYK-H 6500 VF
„H/M“ RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF
RHEOBYK-M 2600 VF
control
1
0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000
Shear rate D (1/s)

Special Product (e.g. tinting stability)

VOC S-VOC
RHEOBYK Chemistry Actives [%] Ratio P:N1 P1 = pseudoplastic
[ppm] [g/L]
N1 = newtonian
High & Medium Shear Thickeners
1 = weak
T 1000 VF HEUR 22.5 1.0 : 5.0 < 1500 < 1,5 7 = strong
T 1010 VF HEUR 22.5 1.5 : 4.5 < 1500 < 1,5
L 1400 VF HEUR 20.0 2.0 : 4.5 < 1500 1,5 – 5,0
M 2600 VF HEUR 20.0 3.0 : 3.0 < 1500 5,0 – 10,0 HEUR = Hydrophobic Ethoxylated Urethane
Low Shear Thickeners HASE = Hydrophobically Alkali-Swellable Acrylic
H 3300 VF HEUR 17.5 4.0 : 2.0 < 1500 < 1,5
H 6500 VF HEUR 20.0 5.0 : 2.0 < 1500 5,0 – 10,0
H 7500 VF HEUR 17.5 5.0 : 1.0 < 1500 5,0 – 10,0
H 7625 VF HEUR 20.0 4.0 : 1.0 < 1500 < 1,5
7610 HEUR 20.0 5.0 : - < 1500 < 1,5
Speciality Rheology Modifiers
7600 HEUR 15.0 5:0 : - < 1500
HV 80 HASE 30.0 7.0 : 1.0 < 1500

Product Viscosity
8000
RHEOBYK-7610
7000
RHEOBYK-L 1400 VF
6000
Viscosity [mPa·s]
5000 RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF

RHEOBYK-H 7500 VF
4000
RHEOBYK-H 6500 VF
RHEOBYK-T 1010 VF
3000 RHEOBYK-M 2600 VF
RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF
RHEOBYK-7600
1000
0
0.1 1 10 100
Shear Rate [1/S]
Gel Particle Formation While Incorporation
Optimum Incorporation Time and Shear Force
Test Method
RHEOBYK-H 7500 VF
Test System
Based on a self-
crosslinking APEO-free
anionic acrylic binder
Dosage
0.1 active substance [%]
on total formulation
Incorporation of Additives
Incorporation according to
specifications in the table
Mixing by hand 3 min at 2 m/s 5 min at 4 m/s 15 min at 4 m/s

RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF

Test system: 6000

Water-borne Acrylic
System
Dosage:
0.1% active substance
5000
Measurement:
viscosity h (mPas)
byko-visc advanced ex
Spindle R3
RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF
4000
RHEOBYK-T 1010 VF
RHEOBYK-L 1400 VF
RHEOBYK-M 2600 VF
3000
RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF
RHEOBYK-H 6500 VF
RHEOBYK-H 7500 VF
RHEOBYK-7600
1000
0
5 rpm 50 rpm 5 rpm. shear rate D (rpm)

Test system:
450
Water-borne Acrylic
System
Dosage:
400
viscosity h (mPas)
Measurement:
byko-visc advanced ex
350
Spindle R3
300
250 RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF

RHEOBYK-T 1010 VF
200 RHEOBYK-L 1400 VF
RHEOBYK-M 2600 VF
150
100
50
0
5 rpm 50 rpm 5 rpm.
shear rate D (rpm)

Influence of Co-solvents on Rheological Properties (1-3)
Test system:
Aqueous floor coating Without additional co-solvent and RHEOBYK-H 3300VF
based on urethane hybrid
dispersion
1,0
Butyl Glycol
Raw material Amount [%] Butyl Di Glycol

Urethane hybrid 80.0
Co-solvent 6.0
Water 7.2
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether (DPM)
RHEOBYK-H 3300VF 0.5
BYK-3455 0.3 Dipropylene Glycol n-Butyl Ether (DPnB)
BYK-094 0,3
AQUACER 513 5.7
100.0 Ethyl Di Glycol (EDG)
Viscosity h (Pas)
Viscosity measurement:
1 day after incorporation
0,5
Anton-Paar Rheometer
RHEOPLUS/32 V3.62
CP25-1
1 – 1,000 s-1
0,0
1 10 100 1000
Shear rate [s-1]
Butyl glycol & Butyl diglycol have the most pronounced influence on rheological properties

Test system:
Water-borne Acrylic System 60
Raw material Amount [%]
Acrylic Dispersion 72.1
Butyl glycol 12.5
Water 11.0
RHEOBYK-XXXX XXX 55
BYK-3455 0.3
BYK-1781 0,1
Water 4.0
100.0
Incorporation of thickener: 50
5min at 2 m/s, cowles blade
Flow Time (s)
Viscosity measurement: 2.0% RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF

Specific time after 45
incoporation of thickener 1.5% RHEOBYK-L 1400 VF
Flow time: DIN 4 cup
0.6% RHEOBYK-M 2600 VF
40 0.4% RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF
0.4% RHEOBYK-H 6500 VF
35
30
25
1h 3h 5h 24 h

Test system:
Water-borne Acrylic System 60
Raw material Amount [%]
Acrylic Dispersion 72.1
Dowanol DPnB 12.5
Water 11.0
RHEOBYK-XXXX XXX 55
BYK-3455 0.3
BYK-1781 0,1
Water 4.0
100.0
Incorporation of thickener: 50
5min at 2 m/s, cowles blade
Flow Time (s)
Viscosity measurement: 1.0% RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF

After specific time after 45
incoporation of thickener 0.75% RHEOBYK-L 1400 VF
Flow time: DIN 4 cup
0.3% RHEOBYK-M 2600 VF
40 0.2% RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF
0.15% RHEOBYK-H 6500 VF
35
30
25
1h 3h 5h 24 h

Application Techniques and Corresponding Rheology Profiles

Sedimentation
Storage 1 Week at Room Temperature
Raw material Amount
[%] Recommendation:
Hybrid-Dispersion 64.0
Roller Application
Dowanol DPnB 6.5
newtonian , slightly
Dowanol DPM 1.0
Water (deion.) 15.0

pseudoplastic
Techpolymer MBX 8 8.0
CERAFLOUR 927 N 3.0
AQUAMAT 272 N 2.5
100.0
RHEOBYK grade XX*
+ as delivered
RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF 0.3%*

RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF 0.5%* RHEOBYK-H 7500 VF 0.1%*

Sedimentation - Viscosity Measurements
RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF 0.5%

5 rpm 50 rpm 5 rpm DIN 4 CUP
Raw material Amount
[%]
295 mPas 293 mPas 298 mPas 29 s
Hybrid-Dispersion 64.0
Dowanol DPnB 6.5
Dowanol DPM 1.0
Water (deion.) 15.0
Techpolymer MBX 8 8.0

RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF 0.3% / RHEOBYK-H 7500 VF 0.1%
CERAFLOUR 927 N 3.0
AQUAMAT 272 N 2.5 5 rpm 50 rpm 5 rpm DIN 4 CUP

100.0
451 mPas 430 mPas 448 mPas 34 s

RHEOBYK grade XX*

Roller Application
Water based
Pure Acrylic
Emulsion Paint
Viscosity:
24 s DIN 4mm

Selection Chart for Wood & Furniture Coatings
Low shear thickeners („H grades“) High shear thickeners („L / T grades“) First recommendation
Second
Pseudoplastic Newtonian recommendation
Spray application Starting Point Roller application
*otherwise very high
dosages needed to
RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF achieve proper „in-can“
viscosity
in combination or as stand-
RHEOBYK-M 2600 VF a combination
alone rheology modifier can be helpful*
Adjustment of „in-can“ viscosity
(„body“) at low additive dosage
RHEOBYK-H 6500 VF RHEOBYK-L 1400 VF

a combination can be helpful
RHEOBYK-H 7500 VF RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF
RHEOBYK-H 7625 VF RHEOBYK-T 1010 VF
Improvement of anti-settling or anti-sagging properties

Prevention of picture framing
Elimination of insufficient egde coverage Improvement of leveling Adjustment of „brushability“

RHEOBYK – PU Thickeners for Water Based Systems (e.g. Architectural Coatings)
High Shear Thickener Mid Shear Thickener Low Shear Thickener

RHEOBYK-L 1400 VF RHEOBYK-M 2600 VF RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF
RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF RHEOBYK-H 6500 VF
RHEOBYK-T 1010 VF RHEOBYK-H 7500 VF
RHEOBYK-H 7625 VF
▪ Provide newtonian flow behavior ▪ Well balanced Combination of low and RHEOBYK-7600
RHEOBYK-7610
▪ So-called ICI Builder high shear thickening
▪ No or minor impact on low shear range ▪ KU Builder ▪ Pseudoplastic flow behavior
▪ No negative impact on color acceptance ▪ “In Can” Stability ▪ “In Can Stability”
▪ Improve leveling through newtonian ▪ No Sedimentation of Pigments/Fillers ▪ No Sedimentation of Pigments/Fillers
flow behavior ▪ Less synerisis → Storage Stability ▪ Less synerisis → Storage Stability
▪ Improved Sag Resistance ▪ Sag Resistance
▪ Provide good application properties: ▪ Prevention of picture framing
Brush drag „brushability“ (alkyd-feeling) ▪ Elimination of insufficient edge coverage
Spatter resistance while roller application ▪ Perfect for spray application
Step 1 Step 2
Choose the „right“ Choose the „right“
High Shear Thickener Low Shear Thickener
Use levels 0.2 to 0.7% a.s. Use levels 0.05 to 0.2% a.s.

Why is high shear viscosity (ICI) important?
High Shear (ICI) Viscosity and Paint Transfer
Lower ICI Paint Higher ICI Paint
150 µm wet film 400 µm wet film

Spreading Rate: ~12 m2/liter Spreading Rate: ~8 m2/liter
More Spreading Less Spreading
Less Hide More Hide

Improved Spatter Resistance* for Water-borne System
Test system:
High gloss water-borne
system based on alkyd
emulsion
Control
RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF
RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF
*according to test method ASTM D4707-87

Insufficient Spatter Resistant
Selection of Most Suitable High Shear Thickener
Control (0.3% HEC) Control + RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF, 0.25% active Control + RHEOBYK-M 2600 VF, 0.25% active
Control + RHEOBYK-L 1400 VF, 0.25% active Control + RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF, 0.25% active Control + RHEOBYK-T 1010 VF, 0.25% active

Against Syneresis & Improved Spatter Resistance
Advantage of high shear thickener
0.8%
RHEOBYK
1% 1%
T 1000 VF
Control RHEOBYK- RHEOBYK RHEOBYK-
+ 0.2%
T 1000 VF T 1010 VF Control
RHEOBYK T 1010 VF
H 3300 VF
Test System Test System

High Gloss Alkyd Emulsion Paint Pure Acrylic
PVC ~16%
Additive Dosage
as supplied on total formulation Additive Dosage
0.3% active substance on total formulation

Results – Brush Application
Test System
Pure Acrylic
Competitor PVC ~16%
Additive Dosage
0.5% active substance on
total formulation
RHEOBYK-T 1010 VF

Excellent Color Acceptance and Rub-Out Stability
Test System
Pure Acrylic
PVC ~16%
Additive Dosage
total formulation
RHEOBYK-T 1010 VF Competitor

RHEOBYK-7600 Tinting Stability
Composition
Solution of a hydrophobically modified polyurethane
➢ Active 15% Tinting Stability w/b blue PC
100
Properties 98
99
98
• provides excellent tinting stability
• Shows good color acceptance 96
• Easy to incorporate
94
• VOC, APEO, Tin & Formaldehyde-free 94
92
92
91
90
Test Method
Test System
88
Acrylic Base Paint
Additive Dosage
0.2% active substance on total formulation 86
RHEOBYK-H 3300 RHEOBYK-7600 Competitor 1 Competitor 2 Competitor 3
w/b blue colorants: 5 wt% VF
RHEOBYK-7600 - Improvement of Colorant Acceptance after Storage
Test System
Pure Acrylic
PVC 19% RHEOBYK-7600 RHEOBYK-TVS VF Market Standard 1
Dosage
total formulation
Tinting
w/b blue Pigment Concentrate
97:3
Storage
14 days
50°C

RHEOBYK-7610 Special Viscosity Profile
Test System
Pure Acrylic Clear Coat
Dosage
RHEOBYK-7610

RHEOBYK-7610
Excellent Leveling and Transparency Applied by Airless Spray
Test System
Pure Acrylic Clear Coat
0.2% RHEOBYK-7610
Dosage Sag
0.2% active substance Micro Foam Surface
Resistance
Application
Airless Spray
200 – 250 µm wet film
thickness
Strong
Standard Formulation 1- 2
Evaluation orange peel
After complete drying
1 = excellent
5 = not acceptable
RHEOBYK-7610 1 1 1
RHEOBYK-H 6500 VF 2 orange peel 2 0.2% Standard Formulation
RHEOBYK-H 7500 VF 3 orange peel 2
RHEOBYK-H 7625 VF 1 2 1-
Market Standard 2 orange peel 2

Thank you for participating!
Within the next couple of days you will receive an email with
• your personal certificate of attendance attached
• a link to our post-event website where you will find all presentations as PDF files for
download
Questions are always welcome after the WEBseminar:
Technical.Service.BYK.Wesel@altana.com
ACTAL®, ADD-MAX®, ADD-VANCE®, ADJUST®, ADVITROL®, ANTI-TERRA®, AQUACER®, AQUAMAT®,
AQUATIX®, BENTOLITE®, BYK®, BYK®-DYNWET®, BYK®-MAX®, BYK®-SILCLEAN®, BYKANOL®,
BYKETOL®, BYKJET®, BYKO2BLOCK®, BYKOPLAST®, BYKUMEN®, CARBOBYK®, CERACOL®,
CERAFAK®, CERAFLOUR®, CERAMAT®, CERATIX®, CLAYTONE®, CLOISITE®, DISPERBYK®,
DISPERPLAST®, FULACOLOR®, FULCAT®, GARAMITE®, GELWHITE®, HORDAMER®, LACTIMON®,
LAPONITE®, MINERAL COLLOID®, MINERPOL®, NANOBYK®, OPTIBENT®, OPTIFLO®, OPTIGEL®,
PAPERBYK®, PERMONT®, POLYAD®, PRIEX®, PURE THIX®, RECYCLOBLEND®, RECYCLOSSORB®,
RECYCLOSTAB®, RHEOBYK®, RHEOCIN®, RHEOTIX®, SCONA®, SILBYK®, TIXOGEL®, VISCOBYK®
and Y 25® are registered trademarks of the BYK group.
The information herein is based on our present knowledge and experience. The information merely
describes the properties of our products but no guarantee of properties in the legal sense shall be
implied. We recommend testing our products as to their suitability for your envisaged purpose prior to use.
No warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose, are made regarding any products mentioned herein and data or information set forth, or
that such products, data or information may be used without infringing intellectual property rights of third
WEBseminar Rheology -
parties. We reserve the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further
RHEOBYK Associative
Thickeners
developments.
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WEBseminar Rheology Additives

RHEOBYK Associativ Thickeners

April 13, 2021

low shear medium shear high shear

leveling can viscosity application

Page 2 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

high molecular weight chains at high shear:

Page 3 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

 Connecting groups Compatibility providing units Hydrophobic groups

Page 4 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

 Connecting groups Compatibility providing units Hydrophobic groups

Page 5 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

Page 6 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

LOW SHEAR HIGH SHEAR

Page 7 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

HEUR-Types, don’t need any kind of „activation“

Provide, esp. in combination, an excellent balanced rheology profile

Seite 8 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

All RHEOBYK types meet latest demands on environmental requirements

All grades are:

➢ Organotin compounds -free

➢ Very low in Volatile Organic Compound (<1500ppm)

This leads to the compliancy with regulations such as:

➢ German Blue Angel

Seite 9 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

Low shear high shear

RHEOBYK-7600 anti-spatter, brush ability

RHEOBYK-7610 RHEOBYK-L 1400 VF

„H/M“ RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF

Shear rate D (1/s)

Page 10 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

T 1010 VF HEUR 22.5 1.5 : 4.5 < 1500 < 1,5

L 1400 VF HEUR 20.0 2.0 : 4.5 < 1500 1,5 – 5,0

Low Shear Thickeners HASE = Hydrophobically Alkali-Swellable Acrylic

H 3300 VF HEUR 17.5 4.0 : 2.0 < 1500 < 1,5

H 6500 VF HEUR 20.0 5.0 : 2.0 < 1500 5,0 – 10,0

H 7500 VF HEUR 17.5 5.0 : 1.0 < 1500 5,0 – 10,0

H 7625 VF HEUR 20.0 4.0 : 1.0 < 1500 < 1,5

7610 HEUR 20.0 5.0 : - < 1500 < 1,5

Speciality Rheology Modifiers

7600 HEUR 15.0 5:0 : - < 1500

HV 80 HASE 30.0 7.0 : 1.0 < 1500

Seite 11 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

5000 RHEOBYK-H 3300 VF

Mixing by hand 3 min at 2 m/s 5 min at 4 m/s 15 min at 4 m/s

Page 13 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

Test system: 6000

Seite 14 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

250 RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF

Seite 15 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

Raw material Amount [%] Butyl Di Glycol

Page 16 4/1/2021 WEBseminar Rheology - RHEOBYK Associative Thickeners

Viscosity measurement: 2.0% RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF

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Viscosity measurement: 1.0% RHEOBYK-T 1000 VF

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Water (deion.) 15.0

CERAFLOUR 927 N 3.0