Q. 1 (a) Define the term ICT. Explain the role of ICT in teaching as well as learning.

(20)
(b) Differentiate between “ICT” and “Telecommunication”.
(c) Write down the advantages and disadvantages of “Information and Communication
Technology”.
Ans: ICT Definition:
The term "information and communication technologies" (ICT) refers to a broad range of
technological resources and techniques that are used to create, transfer, store, share, and exchange
information.

Explain the role of ICT in teaching as well as learning.

When instructors are digitally savvy and understand how to integrate ICT into the
curriculum, ICT may have an influence on student learning. To communicate, generate,
transmit, save, and manage information, schools employ a wide range of ICT technologies.
ICT has also become an integral part of the teaching-learning interaction, as in the
replacement of chalkboards with interactive digital whiteboards, the use of students' own
smartphones or other devices for learning during class time, and the "flipped classroom"
model, in which students watch lectures on the computer at home and use classroom time
for more interactive exercises.

Information, communication, and technology (ICT) is a category of technology used to

gather, store, retrieve, utilise, transmit, manipulate, and disseminate information as
correctly and effectively as possible. ICT includes tools, equipment, and application support.
The user's knowledge will be expanded, and their capacity to communicate, make decisions,
and solve problems will all be developed.

ICT will encompass not only software programmes and hardware connected to computers,
but also interactive digital content, satellite and internet communications, radio and
television services, web-based content repositories, interactive forums, learning
management systems, and management information systems.

Processes for digitization, content distribution and management, platform development and
deployment, and capacity processes will also be part of these.
The use of ICT in the teaching-learning process is crucial.

ICT contributes to our information and communication processes and the results in the
same way that other technologies do in enhancing our quality of life. ICT in education has a
great deal of potential to benefit and assist those involved in the process and outcome of
education in a variety of ways.

I. By making advanced tools, procedures, and methodologies available to the

educational system, ICT may align it with the knowledge-based, information-rich
society.

II. The use of ICT might cause a paradigm change in how people traditionally think
about and approach the teaching-learning process. Here are a few of the changes:
 o It will aid in the shift from a broadcast model of learning to an interactive
form of learning. As a result, the students become active participants in the
teaching — learning process.

o Aids in the process of shifting from teacher-centered to learner-centered

education. Students become self-sufficient and self-directed in their
knowledge and skill development and application.

o Moves the focus from teaching to learning, resulting in a more participatory

and engaging learning environment for both instructors and students.

o Transforms instructors' roles from simply knowledge transmitters to learning

facilitators, knowledge guides, or navigators, as well as active co-learners
alongside students.

o Allows students to become more accountable for their learning by allowing

them to seek out relevant information and knowledge on their own,
synthesise, and share it.

III. ICT prepares instructors to address the demands of the current teaching-learning
task. It assists instructors in carrying out their multifaceted obligations in numerous
areas of education.

IV. ICT may benefit instructors not only for their own education and training, but also
for creatively increasing their pupils' educational advancement.

V. Schools or students who do not have access to computer equipment such as PCs,
laptops, tablets, or smartphones might benefit from ICT in the form of radio and
television broadcasts. To cater to the disciplines of a school curriculum, there are
particular educational programmes such as Gyanvani and Gyandarshan hosted by
Akashvani and Doordarshan, respectively.Traditional ICT resources such as photos,
charts, models, graphs, chalkboard, newspapers, educational visits, excursions, or
educational fairs and exhibitions can be used by such pupils to study and apply
school subjects.

o In schools or for pupils with computer access but no internet connection -

o Use pre-recorded CDs and DVDs providing useful material.
o Both teachers and students can utilise word processing products such as Microsoft
Word. Teachers can create lesson plans, questionnaires, assessments, and diagnostic
tests to assess students' performance. Students may create assignments in Microsoft
Word by using innovative designs and templates.

o Middle and primary school instructors can utilise MS Excel for data collecting,
analysis, and presentation. It is particularly crucial in teaching students the value of
data gathering and representation in the form of — bar graphs, pie charts,
histograms, and so on.
 o Power point presentations may be created by instructors and students alike using
the Microsoft PowerPoint Application to deliver and show their teachings in an
effective and efficient manner.

ICT may help a teacher in the following ways:

i) It aids in the professional growth of instructors. With the use of ICT, a teacher can
master a variety of linguistic skills.

ii) A teacher can broaden his knowledge base by using e-journals, e-magazines, and an
e-library, which are only available via the usage of ICT. He can also use audio and
video conferencing to participate in conversations and conferences with subject
matter experts to improve his knowledge and abilities.

iii) ICT enables teachers to develop new teaching strategies. He may collaborate with
students on a variety of projects and tasks. It also assists him in supplying
instructional materials, homework assignments, and so on.

iv) He may use ICT to engage in various in-service training programmes and seminars
that are necessary for his professional growth.

v) ICT enables a teacher to guide his pupils via the learning resources accessible on the
internet, such as e-books, e-journals, e-magazines, and social sites such as linked -in,
which aid in the learning of subject skills.

vi) ICT also assists him in developing academic curricula. He can research curriculums
from other nations to learn about their advantages and disadvantages, obstacles,
and sociological and psychological concerns affecting students. All of this assists him
in developing a curriculum that leads to the achievement of the subject's aims and
objectives.

ICT can help a learner in the following ways:

i) Students can use internet tools to study. There are several resources available to
assist pupils comprehend the topic. Students may learn from any location and at any
time.

ii) Students can meet teachers online and get the necessary topic knowledge.

iii) Students are not restricted in terms of time or location.

There are several applications that make the teaching and learning process easier. These
applications enable professors and students to connect with one another and gain
knowledge about a certain subject. Teachers are also learning about the many applications
that students and teachers utilise in the classroom. As a result, ICT technologies are
beneficial in this pandemic circumstance. These technologies benefit both teachers and
students.
(b) Differentiate between “ICT” and “Telecommunication”.

ICT
1. It has transformed the entire world into a global community (i.e it has connected
people from every nook and crannie ).
2. Knowledge has diffused and grown more accessible.
3. In comparison to the past, health-care sectors have improved or even become
flawless.
4. Communication in the context of ICT is not what it used to be; currently,
communication saves lives all over the world.
5. Transportation systems are now faster than ever (it used to take
days/weeks/months to go from one state to another, but ICT has reduced that
time to hours or minutes).
6. Telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management
systems, audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and network-based
control and monitoring functions are all examples of information and
communications technology (ICT).

7. Although ICT is frequently used as an abbreviation for information technology

(IT), its breadth is, in some respects, broader. The term "information and
communication technology" (ICT) is frequently used to describe the convergence
of many technologies and the usage of common transmission lines transporting
widely different data and communication kinds and formats.

Telecommunication:

1. Telecommunications, commonly known as telecom, is the transmission of data.

2. Telecoms, or the electronic transfer of information across long distances, has

become essentially inseparable from computers: computers and
telecommunications produce value together.

3. Telecommunications is the electrical transfer of data over long distances. The

data might take the form of voice phone conversations, data, text, photos, or
video. Telecommunications are being utilised to connect more or less distant
computer systems into networks. These networks are managed by computers.

4. A telecommunications network is a collection of computational and

telecommunications capabilities used to transmit data between distant sites.

5. Telecommunications Network Scope,From the standpoint of geographical scope,

there are two major types of telecommunications networks. They are as follows:

i. Local or (Intra-city) networks

ii. Wide area networks

(c) Write down the advantages and disadvantages of “Information and Communication
Technology”.

ADVANTAGES:
✓ Communication:- Speed / time - money can be saved since information can be
moved much more quickly. It has gotten faster and more efficient as a result of ICT.
✓ Globalization:- Video conferencing saves us money on plane tickets and hotel rooms.
Not only has ICT brought countries and individuals closer together, but it has also
enabled the world financial system to become a single interdependent network for
contacting a business or a family member.
✓ Cost effectiveness:- Although sending an email appears to be free (it isn't), it is
undeniably less expensive than phone calls. ICT has also aided in the automation of
corporate procedures, allowing organisations to be more cost effective.
✓ The usage of ICTs aids in the improvement of educational quality.
✓ Greater efficiency throughout the board.
✓ Email, discussion groups, and chat rooms have expanded communication avenues.
✓ Regular usage of ICT across several curricular disciplines can have a positive
motivating effect on students' learning.
✓ Information accessibility: The massive expansion in access to information and
services that has followed the rise of the Internet is possibly the most significant
impact of ICT on individuals. Better, and often cheaper, communications, such as
VoIP phone and Instant Messaging, are some of the benefits of this greater access.
✓ Greater efficiency throughout the board.
✓ Email, discussion groups, and chat rooms have expanded communication avenues.
✓ Improved educational access, such as distant learning and online tutorials. New
learning methods, such as interactive multimedia and virtual reality. New career
options, such as flexible and mobile working, virtual offices, and communications
roles.
✓ New tools, new opportunities: The second major consequence of ICT is that it
provides access to previously unavailable tools. Numerous of them are linked to the
previously described access to information, but there are many instances of stand-
alone ICT systems as well:
✓ ICT may be used for operations that were previously out of reach for the majority of
people, such as photography, where digital cameras, photo-editing software, and
high-quality printers have enabled consumers to generate outcomes that would
have previously needed a photographic studio.
✓ People with impairments can benefit from the usage of ICT. Screen magnification or
screen reading software, for example, allows persons who are partly sighted or blind
to work with standard text rather than Braille.
DISADVANTAGES:
✓ .Education :-Computers, their programmes, and the Internet have offered
educational opportunities that earlier generations did not have.

✓ Lack of work security :- Experts in a wide range of sectors say that ICT has made job
stability a major concern, because technology changes almost every day. This means
that people must always learn or at least stay up with developments in their field if
they really want to feel comfortable in their careers.

✓ Overriding Cultures :- Although ICT has led to the world becoming a global
community, it has also promoted to one culture absorbing another weaker culture.
For example, it is now asserted that teens in the United States affect how most
young teens worldwide today act, dress, and communicate.

✓ 4.Privacy - While information technology has rendered communication faster,

simpler, and more comfortable, it also introduced privacy concerns. From mobile
phone signal surveillance to e-mail hacking, individuals are more concerned that
their formerly confidential communications may become publicly known.

✓ Personal interaction has been reduced.

✓ Physical activity has been reduced.

✓ Human work prospects are being reduced.

✓ Employees have become anti-social as technology has advanced.

✓ Over-reliance on modern gadgets.

✓ Deployment and regulatory costs.

✓ Data restrictions are becoming increasingly stringent.

Q. 2 (a) What is the difference between memory and hard disk? Explain it with the help of proper
examples. (10)

Ans: Difference between Memory and Hard Disk:

MEMORY:
1. Registers comprise memories. Memory is the storage area for short-term data. Each
register in the memory represents a single storage place. Memory location is
another name for storage location. Address is used to identify memory regions. The
entire amount of bits that a memory can hold is referred to as its capacity. Memory
is classified into three types: primary memory, secondary memory, and cache
memory.
2. Memory is an electrical component of a computer. To save the data, it requires a
power supply. Power should be supplied continuously. Data storage capacity is just
transient. It captures and saves all data at a slow rate. The storage capacity is not
much greater and is limited to GBs.
3. It is a type of electrical component that really can store data and information.
4. It requires a constant power supply to save the data.
5. It is used for temporary data storage.
6. It saves data at a slow rate.
7. They are not much larger in size and can go up to GBs.
8. It is utilised when data must be kept for a brief period of time.
9. It is readily transportable.
10. It saves data in electric forms on a memory stick.
11. It is less expensive than a hard disc.
12. It retrieves data at a slow speed.

Examples of Memory:

Primary memory

Secondary memory

Cache memory
HARD DISK:
1. The magnetic disc composed of aluminium is known as a hard disc. It serves as the
computer's primary storage device. It makes use of a platter, which is a metallic disc.
Except for the upper side of the highest disc and the bottom side of the lowermost
disc, both sides of the disc are utilised to store data. The data storage surface is
coated with magnetic oxide.
2. The hard drive is also known as a Hard Disk Drive. This is a non-volatile storage
device. It is located within the computer's internals. It remains connected to the disc
controller. It is located on the motherboard of the computer. It is contained within
an airtight enclosure. It allows the computer to install any software.
3. It is a magnetic disc made of aluminium that is utilised as a computer's primary
storage device.
4. It does not require a power supply to save the data.
5. It is a permanent data storing system.
6. It can store data quickly.
7. They are substantially bigger than memory and may reach TBs in size.
8. It is used when data must be kept over an extended period of time.
9. It is not easily transportable.
10. It uses magnetic memory to store data on a hard drive.
11. It is expensive.
12. It fetches data quickly.

Examples of Hard disk:

Hard disk Drive (HDD)

Solid State Drive (SSD)

Q. 2 (b) List the hardware components of a computer. Explain at least five of them in detail. (10)

Ans:

The many hardware components of a computer system are listed below.

➢ Keyboard

➢ Mouse

➢ Motherboard

➢ Monitor

➢ CPU

➢ RAM Memory

➢ ROM Memory

➢ Sound Card

➢ Hard Disk Drive

➢ Optical Drive

➢ External Ports

➢ IO System

➢ Power Supply

➢ CPU Fan

➢ Video Display Controller

CPU:

CPU is the main part of a computer, without a CPU, the computer cannot work.
When it comes to discharging numerous duties assigned to it, a computer CPU is a man's best buddy.

Only a computer can accomplish numerous jobs at the same time while maintaining the same
efficiency and speed.

But how is this even possible? what makes a computer so dependable, quick, and error-free

While several computer components work together to enable operation, there is one component
that is in charge of managing all duties given to the computer.

The CPU is this component.

We all know that a computer is made up of five major components: an input unit, an output unit,
storage, a memory unit, and a processor.

In this article, we shall discuss the CPU, the computer's building unit.
The CPU, or central processing unit, is the computer's brain.

Similarly to how the human brain governs all voluntary acts performed by the human body, the
computer's brain, or CPU, controls the computer's operation.

The Control Processing Unit is linked to all of the computer's peripherals as well as all of the internal
components.

MOTHERBOARD:

The motherboard acts as a single platform for connecting all of the components of a computer. It
directly or via cables connects the CPU, RAM, hard drives, optical drives, video card, sound card, and
other ports and expansion cards. It may be thought of as a computer's backbone.

A motherboard includes the following features:

• The support for various sorts of components differs widely between motherboards.
• A single kind of CPU and a limited number of memory types are supported by the
motherboard.
• To work effectively, video cards, hard drives, and sound cards must be compatible with the
motherboard.
• To function correctly, motherboards, cases, and power supply must be compatible.
• The motherboard is secured within the chassis by tiny screws inserted via pre-drilled holes.
The motherboard has connectors for connecting all of the internal components. It has a
single CPU socket, and one or more memory slots are usually available. Motherboards have
ports for connecting floppy discs, hard drives, and optical drives via ribbon cables. The
motherboard has fans and a specific power supply port.
• A peripheral card slot is located in front of the motherboard and is used to connect video
cards, sound cards, and other expansion cards to the motherboard.
MOUSE:

A mouse is a little device that a computer user drags over a desk surface to point to a location on a
display screen and pick one or more actions to be performed from that location.
The mouse is the most widely used pointing device. It is a well-known cursor-control device that
consists of a small palm-sized box with a spherical ball at its base that detects mouse movement and
transmits matching signals to the CPU when the mouse buttons are pushed.

In general, it contains two buttons labelled left and right, as well as a wheel in between the buttons.
A mouse can be used to move the pointer around the screen, but it cannot be used to type text into
the computer.
A computer mouse is a portable hardware input device that controls a pointer in a graphical user
interface (GUI) on your computer for pointing, moving, and selecting text, icons, files, and folders. A
mouse may also be used to drag and drop items and access the right-click menu in addition to these
functionalities.For desktop computers, the mouse is placed in front of the computer on a flat surface
(e.g., a mouse pad or desk). A Logitech desktop computer mouse with two major buttons and a
wheel is seen in the image.

COMPUTER MONITOR:

A computer monitor is an output device that helps to produce output in the form of graphics and
text. Some folks are also known as VDT (video display terminal) and VDU (video display unit) (video
display unit). These computer monitors have electronic circuits, a power supply, and certain buttons
that manipulate all signals and aid to produce a graphical output. A monitor is an electrical visual
computer display that consists of a screen, circuitry, and the housing that houses that electronics.
Cathode ray tubes (CRT) were used in older computer monitors, which made them huge, heavy, and
inefficient. Because they are lighter and more energy efficient, flat-screen LCD displays are now
employed in devices such as laptops, PDAs, and desktop PCs.A monitor may also be referred to as a
screen or a visual display unit (VDU).

Types of Monitors:

CRT (cathode ray tubes) were used to build traditional computer displays, which were heavier and
larger in design. However, other technologies such as LCD, LED, and Plasma are now used. VGA,
Digital Visual Interface (DVI), HDMI, Display Port, Thunderbolt, and other connections are used to
connect computers to displays.
KEYBOARD:

The keyboard is the most frequent and widely used input device for entering data into a computer.
The keyboard layout is similar to that of a typical typewriter, albeit some extra keys are supplied for
performing other operations.

Keyboards come in two sizes: 84 keys or 101/102 keys, however for Windows and the Internet,
keyboards with 104 keys or 108 keys are also available.

Description & Keys

1 Typing Keyboard

These keys contain letter keys (A-Z) and digit keys (09), and they have the same layout as
typewriters.

2 Numeric Keyboard

It is used to enter numerical data or move the cursor. In general, it consists of a set of 17 keys laid
out in the same layout as most adding machines and calculators.

3 Function Keys

The keyboard has twelve function keys, which are positioned in a row at the top of the keyboard.
Each function key has a distinct significance and serves a specific purpose.

4 control buttons

These keys control the pointer and the screen. It comes with four directional arrow keys. Home, End,
Insert, Delete, Page Up, Page Down, Control(Ctrl), Alternate(Alt), and Escape are also control keys
(Esc).

5 Multipurpose Keys

Special purpose keys on the keyboard include Enter, Shift, Caps Lock, Num Lock, Space bar, Tab, and
Print Screen.
Q. 3 (a) What is the purpose of scanner? Also describe BCR & MICR with suitable
examples. (10)
(b) Clarify the difference between OCR and OMR. (10)

Ans: PURPOSE OF SCANNER:

A scanner is a device that takes pictures from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages,
and other similar sources for editing and display on a computer.
Through optical character recognition, scanners turn the picture on the paper into digital
information that can be saved on a computer (OCR).
A scanning head performs this operation by capturing the picture as light or electrical
charges using one or more sensors.
Depending on the type of scanner, the document scanner moves either the actual document
or the scanning head. The scanner then processes the scanned picture to create a digital
image that can be saved on a computer.
Scanners often connect to a computer system and include scanning software apps that allow
you to resize and otherwise manipulate images.

BCR:
A BCR (Barcode Reader) or scanner, often known as a POS (point of sale) scanner, is a piece
of hardware that can read a barcode with a laser. It may also import product details or log
information about that product into a database.
A supermarket barcode scanner, which scans and records the price of a product, is an
example of a barcode reader. The image shows an example of an HP barcode reader. Many
smartphones, when equipped with the appropriate software, can now scan and read
barcodes.
A barcode is a series of lines of varying widths and diameters that encode data and, when
read, aid in the identification of the scanned object. Barcodes are frequently employed to
assist in the organisation and indexing of information or costs about an object. A barcode
employed by the United States Postal Service to assist speed up mail delivery is an example
of how a barcode may be utilised. The image is an example of an address barcode.
BCR Examples:

Pen wands, slot scanners, Charge-Couple Device (CCD) scanners, image scanners, and laser
scanners are the five major types of barcode readers. The most basic barcode reader is a pen
wand. It has no moving components and is well-known for its long life and affordable cost.

MICR:
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) is a technology for quickly reading and entering
unique characters printed in magnetic ink into a computer. When a paper containing this ink
has to be read, it is run through a machine that magnetises the ink and then converts the
magnetic information into characters.

MICR is used to validate the authenticity or originality of paper documents, particularly

checks. MICR is widely used in banking because magnetic-ink letters are difficult to fake and
so excellent for marking and identifying checks.

MICR technology, for example, is used to print several financial documents in the United
States. Coupons, credit card bills, and direct email are examples of financial documents
printed with the MICR line.

MICR Examples:
MICR readers are the principal instrument for cheque sorting and are used at many levels
along the check distribution network. A merchant, for example, will sort cheques by bank
and transmit the sorted cheques to a clearing house for redistribution to those banks.
Q. 3 (b) Clarify the difference between OCR and OMR. (10)

Ans:
OMR:
The method of electronically extracting data from marked areas such as checkboxes or
bubbles on pre-printed forms is known as optical mark reader (OMR). OMR technology reads
from predetermined points on a printed sheet. It saves the information where markings are
made on the form. This is extensively used for processing huge numbers of hand-filled forms
that must be processed swiftly and accurately.

1. It is an abbreviation for Optical Mark Reader or Optical Mark Recognition.

2. It's used to process information from printed forms.

3. It is simple to put into action.

4. It outperforms OCR in terms of accuracy.

5. Document storage is not possible.

6. It was initially employed in telegraphs in 1857.

7. It is utilized in surveys, response sheets, questionnaires, and ballots.

8. Timing tracks were necessary.

OCR:

Optical Character Reader (OCR) software is used to transform many forms of documents, such

as scanned paper documents, PDF files, or digital camera photos, into machine-encoded text. It

is commonly used as a method of converting printed paper data records into electronic editable

text that can be readily searched, stored, and so on.

1. It stands for Optical Character Reader or Optical Character Recognition.

2. It is used for scanning and converting various sorts of documents.

3. When compared to OMR, it is more difficult to deploy.

4. It has a high level of precision.

5. It allows you to save documents.

6. It was originally used in 1914 to assist blind persons with reading.

7. Its applications include Google Books, bank statements, business paperwork, and so forth.

8. It does not require timing tracks.

Q. 4 (a) Differentiate between Dot Matrix Printer and Inkjet Printer. Explain it with the help
of suitable examples. (10)

(b) Explain the function of ATM machine and also briefly describe Voice Reproduction
System. Discuss with proper examples. (10)

Ans:
Dot Matrix Printer:
Dot-matrix printers generate printed pictures when tine wire pins on a print head
mechanism strike an inked ribbon. When the ribbon is rubbed against the paper, dots on the
paper form letters and pictures.
These printers often employ continuous form paper, which connects thousands of sheets of
paper from end to end. These sheets contain perforations along the sides to aid in feeding
the paper through the printer. Their speed is measured in cps (characters per second), and
most dot-matrix printers have speeds ranging from 375 to 1100 characters per second,
depending on the required print quality.

Epson FX— 890N is an example of a Dot Matrix printer.

Dot-matrix printer is an Impact (Dot matrix printing) form of computer printing that employs
a print head that goes back and forth on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-
soaked cloth ribbon on the paper, similar to the print mechanism of a typewriter.

Inkjet Printer:
Ink-jet printers are non-impact printers that spray small drops of liquid ink onto paper to
create pictures and characters. They have become highly common in colour printers for
residential usage. They can print black-and-white graphics and text as well as colour text and
graphics on a range of materials.
The resolution of an ink-jet printer determines its quality. The number of dots per inch (dpi)
that a printer can print is used to determine its resolution. Most printers can print at
resolutions ranging from 1200 to 4800 dpi. Ink-jet printer speed is measured by the number
of pages per minute (ppm) it can print. Most ink-jet printers are fast.
Ink-filled cartridges are used in the print head mechanism of ink-jet printers, with each
cartridge containing fifty to hundreds of tiny ink holes or nozzles. Ink is dispensed through
any of the nozzles to create the desired picture or character on paper. When the cartridge
runs out of ink, it is easily replaced with a new cartridge. Most ink-jet printers include two or
more ink cartridges, one of which contains solely black ink while the others contain coloured
ink. When selecting a printer, you should consider the quantity of ink cartridges required as
well as the cost of the cartridges. Some purchasers save money on cartridges by purchasing
refilled or empty cartridges that have been refilled by a third party seller.
Non-impact printers are inkjet printers. They use electrostatics to create a picture on paper.
Inkjet prints a pattern of small ink droplets that are guided by nozzles.
Examples are Epson inkjet printers.

Q. 4 (b)Explain the function of ATM machine and also briefly describe Voice Reproduction
System. Discuss with proper examples.

Ans:

ATMs are typically used to withdraw money from a bank account. However, many of them
may also be used to check account balances, obtain cash advances from credit card accounts,
make deposits, and even purchase postal stamps.

Obtaining Cash from an ATM:

ATMs, or automated teller machines, are a popular means to make financial transactions.
According to a Federal Reserve research from 2016, 75 percent of Americans with bank
accounts utilise the gadgets, which are available at banks, stand-alone kiosks, and retailers.
Withdrawing cash from a checking or savings account is one of the most typical uses of an
ATM. To withdraw money from an ATM, insert a debit card issued by your bank, enter a PIN
number, and specify how much money you wish to withdraw. If you're unclear how much
money is in your account, you may typically verify it at an ATM before making a withdrawal.

Making a Down Payment:

Customers of some banks can deposit cash and even cheques at ATMs. The ATMs you may
use to make deposits, as well as the amount you can deposit at one time, differ by institution.
Some ATMs may store images of the checks you deposit so you can see them later via internet
banking.

Cash Advances on Credit Cards:

Many credit cards allow consumers to obtain cash advances from ATMs. There is normally a
fee for doing so, as well as interest, because you are basically borrowing money from your
credit card company. If you have the finances, withdrawing money from a checking or savings
account is typically a preferable alternative.

Purchasing Postage Stamps:

Some ATMs sell US postage stamps in addition to accepting deposits and withdrawals. This
may be more convenient than purchasing them at a post office or store, but you may be
charged a fee in addition to the cost of the stamps. Some ATMs charge a fee to withdraw
money, including bank-owned ATMs that charge users with other banks' accounts to use
them. Some banks impose fees for using ATMs outside of their networks, while others may
refund you for ATM costs, thus knowing your bank's rules and in-network ATMs might be
useful when you need cash.
Voice Reproduction System:
A speech reproduction system generates audio output by selecting one of many pre-
recorded audio answers. Words, phrases, or sentences uttered by humans, music, or alarms
made by musical instruments are among the pre-recorded answers. Speech Recognition
device also converts the human voice into text.
Audio Instructions for Using a System:
A bank, for example, utilises a speech reproduction system in ATMs (automated teller
machines) to assist consumers with transactions.
Automatic Answering Machines: For example, automatic answering machines handle phone
inquiries for new phone numbers in substitution of old ones, or the vacancy status of a
certain aircraft or train.

Discuss with proper examples:

The following are the applications of voice reproduction systems:
I) Audio guidance for operating a system. A bank, for example, utilises a speech reproduction
system in ATMs (automated teller machines) to assist consumers with transactions.
II.) Telephone answering machines. Telephone inquiries for new phone numbers in place of
old ones, or the vacancy status of a certain aircraft or train, for example, are handled by
automated answering machines.
Q. 5 Write short notes on the following topics: (20)
• ICT Applications
• Types of Monitors
• Speech Synthesizer
• Electronic Card Reader

Ans:

ICT Applications:
In a very broad sense, ICT refers to all of the technologies that allow communication. With
this in mind, the word ICT has been given various different meanings. It is commonly
connected with the consolidation and management of telecom infrastructure and the
convergence of technologies that share transmission lines. In other circumstances, ICT is also
related with providing telecommunications services to underserved regions or encouraging
more dynamic telecommunications and IT networks and services to help with career
development. Consider a particular carrier that provides a contemporary hybrid cloud
architecture based on several ideas or philosophies such as connection, security, and unified
channels. This form of telecom and cellular service integration would fall under the category
of ICT.
Converging technologies that embody ICT can include the merger of audiovisual, telephone,
and computer networks over a shared cable infrastructure. Internet service providers (ISPs)
frequently provide internet, phone, and television services to households and businesses
over a single optical cable, which is an example of ICT implementation. ICT may also be
incomplete without a discussion of how VoIP may be used to innovate telecom.
For voice, voice over IP is replacing traditional wired telephony. Users are increasingly able
to use desktop phones or other endpoints to make voice calls over the Internet rather than
traditional landlines or even more current cellular telephony channels. ICT may be useful in
this case. These ICT networks may also incorporate the unification of message and social
systems. As another example, some ICT architectures may have extra infrastructural aims,
such as lowering communication transmission costs and channel unification. All of this may
be categorized as ICT as we move forward with breakthroughs like as UC, virtualization, AI,
and the Internet of Thing. This need more sophisticated networking systems. In each new
period, ICT will represent the category that addresses modern communications.

Types of Monitors:

1. LCD monitor
2. LED Monitor
3. OLED Monitor
4. Plasma Monitor
5. CRT Monitor

1. LCD monitor
LCD stands for 'Liquid Crystal Display,' which is formed of liquid crystals. It is the most widely
used display in the world since it takes up less space, uses less power, and generates less
heat than an outdated CRT monitor. LCD displays are significantly slimmer and lighter in size
and weight than CRT monitors. As a result, it competes on the market with LED and OLED.
This display was originally used in laptops, but manufacturers eventually made it for desktop
computers ranging in size from 17 to 60 inches. Because these monitors take up little room
and are light in weight, they are easy to travel and move from one location to another.
2. LED Monitor
LED, which stands for 'Light Emitting Diode,' is the most recent invention in the market
today, competing with LCDs and Plasma Monitors. These monitors are slightly curved or flat
panel displays using light-emitting diodes for screen illumination rather than cold cathode
fluorescent (CCFL) backlighting. LED screens with 4k resolution are brighter than
conventional displays, allowing the user to be read or seen readily in daytime. LED displays
consume less power than LCD monitors, and they are extensively utilized by gamers to play
high graphics and HD games. LEDs have the benefit of producing visuals with increased
contrast and bright colours while also having no negative environmental impact when
discarded. Furthermore, LEDs are more durable than LCD and CRT monitors. The wavelength
range of the lights used is such that great quality is achieved. These LED screens produce a
flicker-free display, reducing eye strain, tiredness, and headaches. These displays have a
longer lifespan, consume less electricity, are slimmer, have higher contrast and more vibrant
colours, and have a lower environmental effect than LCDs.

3. OLED Monitor
OLED is an abbreviation for "Organic Light Emitting Diode." It is constructed of organic
material (such as carbon, plastic, wood, and polymers), as the name implies, and is used to
transform electric current into light. This is also the most recent display technology utilized
in television displays, computer screens, gaming consoles, PDAs, and even the most recent
smartphones. It can be smaller or lighter than LCDs and have a greater contrast ratio.
Because these LEDs are capable of producing a wide range of various coloured light, they
may be utilised directly to generate the desired colour without the need for a backlight,
which saves electricity and takes up less space. The OLED display is said to be ideal for
viewing movies.
OLED monitors are regarded as the greatest display technology ever created due to features
such as broad viewing angles, picture quality, exceptional contrast levels, no ghosting, rapid
response, and excellent contrast and brightness.
You should also keep the monitor away from water, since it might harm the OLED screen.
Other downsides of the OLED monitor right now include its shorter life expectancy than LCDs
and LEDs, as well as its high market price.
4. Plasma Monitor
Plasma display panels (PDP) are built of Plasma technology, which is the most recent sort of
computer monitor technology. Plasma produced from cells is seen. These cells contain
'electrically charged Ionized Gas.' These cells are known as plasma cells.

Its essential concept is that it illuminates the small coloured fluorescent lights that produce
picture pixels. Each pixel is made up of three fluorescent lights, similar to a miniature neon
light, in the colours red, green, and blue. This results in a higher contrast ratio, and the
intensity of these lights varies proportionally. Furthermore, it has the benefit of being
slimmer because a plasma display is flat rather than somewhat curved like an LCD. Its
flawless flat displays reduce visual distortion and glare. In comparison to LCDs, a plasma
display provides a faster reaction, better performance, and a wider viewing angle. Plasma
panels may be as large as 60 inches and are regarded the greatest home theatre and HD
television.

5. CRT Monitor
CRT stands for "Cathode Ray Tube." The Cathode Ray tube, often known as the "Generally
Picture tube," is its fundamental component. The image above is of a CRT display, which was
used as a desktop computer or to watch television a few decades ago.
CRT displays are significantly larger in size than LCD and LED monitors. Because they are
hefty, they are difficult to move and carry from one location to another. They also require
greater installation space. Because display manufacturers moved their manufacturing lines
from CRT 4:3 displays to LCD 16:9 widescreen displays in order to survive the transition to
the digital world widescreen television of LEDs or LCDs, they soon disappeared from the
market in the previous several decades.
Although they were more common a few decades ago, you may still get a used CRT monitor
on the market. CRT monitors are vintage television sets. As a result, they are not only large
but also consume a lot of power.

Speech Synthesizer:

It synthesises speech! turns written data into spoken phrases

It mixes fundamental sound components known as phonemes to make speech. It merges the
sequence of words into phonemes and amplifies it from a give-', text information. and
outputs the result through speaker Speech synthesizers are still in their infancy since they
can only create a limited number of distinct sounds with limited voice inflections and
phrasing.
Applications include:
However, they are used in a variety of applications, including the following:
l or reading text information to blind people. For example, we can scan a freshly published
book with a scanner, convert it to text with OCR software, and then read it aloud to blind
people using a voice synthesizer. I BIT enables blind people to obtain the most recent
material released in a book as soon as it is printed, rather to waiting for the book to be
published in Braille. Allowing individuals who are unable to talk to communicate effectively,
for example, a person with this sort of impairment types the information and the voice
synthesizer translates it into spoken words. I or translation systems that turn typed text into
spoken words in a given language. For example, a foreign visitor in India may enter a text
message that he or she want to speak with an Indian, and the voice synthesizer translates it
into spoken words in the Indian language of choice.

Electronic Card Reader:

An electronic card reader is an input device used to scan e-cards/smart cards such as visa
cards, bank credit cards, and so on. An electronic card reader scans the memory card of an
ATM debit card, visa card, or similar card. The memory card is a black strip that is erased
using an electrical equipment known as an electronic card Reader machine. Card readers are
electronic devices that are used in stores to take credit and debit card payments from
customers. They are also known as POS terminals, card machines, PDQ machines, and chip
and pin machines. Card readers can be wireless or connected to your cash register or PC.