CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

I. Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

II. Procedure

A. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

B. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
Phase-1-

Phase -2-
III. Introduction
 RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

IV. Procedure

C. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

D. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
Phase-1-

Phase -2-
V. Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

VI. Procedure
 E. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

F. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

Phase-1-
What IsPhase
The Formwork
-2- Installation Procedure?

 Published: 04 September 2019

Formwork installation procedure involves the following operations:

 Propping and centring - Propping is a system of structural members used temporarily

to support loads during construction. The forces arising from these loads must be fully
resolved, using props or columns to provide all the support needed for the work
under construction, such as beams, formwork but are not limited to only the above
mentioned.
 Shuttering – Formwork (Shuttering) acts as moulds for pouring concrete.
  Provision of chamber - The formation of a sharp nice corner is practically difficult and
the concrete at corners is easily chipped and broken into pieces during the removal
of concrete formwork. Hence, the provision of chamber could protect the corner
from chipping when striking formwork.
 Cleaning and surface treatment - Cleaning and surface treatment. 

Formwork stripping procedure

When is it safe to start the formwork stripping procedure?

The forms or moulds that holds the concrete in place until it dries should be left alone for at
least two days to ensure that the concrete has cured. If the forms are removed too soon,
the concrete can begin to sag, crack and collapse.

To start the formwork stripping procedure, you need a qualified contractor to follow the
following steps:

 Allow the concrete to dry before removing the forms. You'll want the concrete to be
hard and strong so that removing the forms does not result in a sagging surface. Allow
the concrete to cure overnight.
 Remove forms starting at the top of sloping slabs. Use a hammer to remove nails from
the stakes holding the forms in place.
 Remove the stakes from the ground that support the forms with a stake puller to avoid
damaging the stakes or the forms.
 Pull the forms away from the sides of the concrete slab using as little force as possible.
If a form sticks to the slab or is difficult to remove, use the pry bar to pry the form
upward from the ground, loosening the form from the concrete in the process. Pull the
loosened form from the concrete. Be careful not to gouge the slab with the pry bar in
the process.
 Remove forms on alternating sides of the slab to maintain the structural balance. For
example, with a square slab start at the upper left corner, then remove the form from
the lower right corner, then the upper right followed by the lower left. Remove all
forms in this manner. If the forms are reusable, clean them and store them in a dry
place. Otherwise, dispose of the forms. 

For all your formwork needs, contact Formacon. We are specialists in concrete formwork
construction.

What Is The Formwork Installation Procedure?

 Published: 04 September 2019

Formwork installation procedure involves the following operations:

 Propping and centring - Propping is a system of structural members used temporarily

to support loads during construction. The forces arising from these loads must be fully
resolved, using props or columns to provide all the support needed for the work
under construction, such as beams, formwork but are not limited to only the above
mentioned.
 Shuttering – Formwork (Shuttering) acts as moulds for pouring concrete.
 Provision of chamber - The formation of a sharp nice corner is practically difficult and
the concrete at corners is easily chipped and broken into pieces during the removal
of concrete formwork. Hence, the provision of chamber could protect the corner
from chipping when striking formwork.
 Cleaning and surface treatment - Cleaning and surface treatment. 

Formwork stripping procedure

When is it safe to start the formwork stripping procedure?

The forms or moulds that holds the concrete in place until it dries should be left alone for at
least two days to ensure that the concrete has cured. If the forms are removed too soon,
the concrete can begin to sag, crack and collapse.

To start the formwork stripping procedure, you need a qualified contractor to follow the
following steps:

 Allow the concrete to dry before removing the forms. You'll want the concrete to be
hard and strong so that removing the forms does not result in a sagging surface. Allow
the concrete to cure overnight.
 Remove forms starting at the top of sloping slabs. Use a hammer to remove nails from
the stakes holding the forms in place.
 Remove the stakes from the ground that support the forms with a stake puller to avoid
damaging the stakes or the forms.
 Pull the forms away from the sides of the concrete slab using as little force as possible.
If a form sticks to the slab or is difficult to remove, use the pry bar to pry the form
upward from the ground, loosening the form from the concrete in the process. Pull the
loosened form from the concrete. Be careful not to gouge the slab with the pry bar in
the process.
 Remove forms on alternating sides of the slab to maintain the structural balance. For
example, with a square slab start at the upper left corner, then remove the form from
the lower right corner, then the upper right followed by the lower left. Remove all
forms in this manner. If the forms are reusable, clean them and store them in a dry
place. Otherwise, dispose of the forms. 
For all your formwork needs, contact Formacon. We are specialists in concrete formwork
construction.

CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ CONVENTIONAL
• The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard.
• It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood
facing has a relatively short lifespan.
• It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for
procuring reusable formwork.
• It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use,
complicated sections may use it
CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ CONVENTIONAL
• The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard.
• It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood
facing has a relatively short lifespan.
• It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for
procuring reusable formwork.
• It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use,
complicated sections may use it
CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ ENGINEERED/PRE-FABRICATEDFORMWORKS
• This formwork is built out of prefabricated modules with a metal frame (usually steel
or aluminium) and covered on the application (concrete) side with material having
the wanted surface structure (steel, aluminium, timber, etc.).
• The two major advantages of formwork systems, compared to traditional timber
formwork, are speed of construction and lower life-cycle costs (barring major force,
the frame is almost indestructible, while the covering if made of wood; may have to
be replaced after a few – or a few dozen – uses, but if the covering is made with
steel or aluminium the form can achieve up to two thousand uses depending on care
and the applications).
7
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ Formwork are mainly of twotypes:
STEEL FORMWORK
WOODEN FORMWORK
8
o Steel formwork
o Wooden formwork
o Steel formwork is made of:
• Steel sheets
• Angle Iron
• Tee Iron
o Wooden formwork consistsof:
• Props
• Planks battens
• Ledgers
• Sheeting
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ TIMBER FORMWORK
o Most common material used for bracing the
member, hence called as the traditional
formwork.
o Can be easily cut to size on site.
o Timber joist can be replaced with engineered
wood beams and supports are replaced with
metal props, which makes this method more
systematic and reusable.
o Various sizes of timber members:
Sheeting
for slabs,
beam,
column side
and beam
bottom
25 mm
to 40mm
thick
Joints,
ledges
50 x 70 mm
to 50 x
150
mm
Posts
75 x 100mm
to 100
x
100
mm
9
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ TIMBER FORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ Easy handling because it is light weight.
+ Easy to disassemble.
+ Damaged parts can be replaced with
new one.
+ Very flexible.
+ Easy to produce.
+ Easily available.
10
o DISADVANTAGES
– Limited size of shape.
– Excessive loss of heat.
– A very smooth surface will be produced
which would give problems for finishing
process.
– Limited fixing.
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ PLYWOOD
o This is by far the most common material
used for the facing panel.
o It is easily cut to shape on site, and if
handled and stored carefully, it can be
used many times.
o A standard plywood thickness on site is 18
mm.
o This is usually sufficient for most pours.
o However, if the formwork is curved, a
thinner plywood is used to facilitate
bending.
o Thicker plywood may be used when the
weight of concrete causes a standard
thickness plywood to bow out, distorting
the concrete face.
11
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ STEEL FORMWORK
o Steel forms are stronger, durable and
have longer life than timber formwork
and they can be reused.
o Steel forms can be installed and
dismantled with greater ease and speed.
o The quality of exposed concrete surface
by using steel forms is good and such
surfaces need no further treatment.
o Steel formwork does not absorb
moisture from concrete.
o Steel formwork does not shrink or warp.
12
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ STEEL FORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ It can be used for a no. of times.
+ It is non absorbent.
+ Smooth finish surface obtained.
+ No shrinkage of formwork occurs.
+ Easy to use.
+ Its volume is less.
+ Its strength is more.
13
o DISADVANTAGES
– Limited size or shape.
– Excessive loss of heat.
– A very smooth surface will be produced
which would give problems for finishing
process.
– Limited fixing.
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
o Often used in pre-fabricated formwork,
that is put together on site.
o Aluminium is strong and light, and
consequently fewer supports and ties are
required.
o The lighter sections will deflect more, but
this can be avoided by simply following
the manufacturers recommendations!!!
14
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ ALUMINIUMFORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ Quickly and accurately assembled.
+ Reduces the labour cost owing to its
easy installation.
+ Light weight component provides low
pressure on the lower part of the
buildings.
+ Aluminium metal surface offers easy
cleaning after concrete is removed.
+ Faster construction cycles.
+ Easy to handle.
+ High quality finishes.
+ Can be easily recycled.
+ Can be repeatedly used without losing
quality
+ Safe work platforms.
+ High salvage cost.
+ Fewer burdens on environment.
15
o DISADVANTAGES
– Initial high investment.
– Compares very poorly on modifications,
against brick work constructions.
– Fear of theft of valuable Aluminium
Extrusions & sheets & hence kit not
being complete at critical stages of
construction.
– Mass Housing projects are not as high
for investing in large number of
Aluminium Formwork.
– Sensitive to contact with concrete
(alcalic material)!!!
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ PLASTICFORMWORK
o Glass reinforced plastics (GRP) and vacuum
formed plastics are used when complicated
concrete shapes are required (e.g. waffle
floors).
o Although vacuum formed plastics will
always need support, GRP can be
fabricated with integral bearers making it
self supporting.
o Like steel, plastic formwork can be re-used
many times, as long as care is taken not to
scour the surface whilst vibrating the
concrete.
16
 Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

VII. Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

VIII. Procedure

G. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

H. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
Phase-1-

Phase -2-
 IX. Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

X. Procedure

I. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

J. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
Phase-1-

Phase -2-
XI. Introduction
 RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

XII. Procedure

K. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

L. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

Phase-1-
What IsPhase
The Formwork
-2- Installation Procedure?

 Published: 04 September 2019

Formwork installation procedure involves the following operations:

  Propping and centring - Propping is a system of structural members used temporarily
to support loads during construction. The forces arising from these loads must be fully
resolved, using props or columns to provide all the support needed for the work
under construction, such as beams, formwork but are not limited to only the above
mentioned.
 Shuttering – Formwork (Shuttering) acts as moulds for pouring concrete.
 Provision of chamber - The formation of a sharp nice corner is practically difficult and
the concrete at corners is easily chipped and broken into pieces during the removal
of concrete formwork. Hence, the provision of chamber could protect the corner
from chipping when striking formwork.
 Cleaning and surface treatment - Cleaning and surface treatment. 

Formwork stripping procedure

When is it safe to start the formwork stripping procedure?

The forms or moulds that holds the concrete in place until it dries should be left alone for at
least two days to ensure that the concrete has cured. If the forms are removed too soon,
the concrete can begin to sag, crack and collapse.

To start the formwork stripping procedure, you need a qualified contractor to follow the
following steps:

 Allow the concrete to dry before removing the forms. You'll want the concrete to be
hard and strong so that removing the forms does not result in a sagging surface. Allow
the concrete to cure overnight.
 Remove forms starting at the top of sloping slabs. Use a hammer to remove nails from
the stakes holding the forms in place.
 Remove the stakes from the ground that support the forms with a stake puller to avoid
damaging the stakes or the forms.
 Pull the forms away from the sides of the concrete slab using as little force as possible.
If a form sticks to the slab or is difficult to remove, use the pry bar to pry the form
upward from the ground, loosening the form from the concrete in the process. Pull the
loosened form from the concrete. Be careful not to gouge the slab with the pry bar in
the process.
 Remove forms on alternating sides of the slab to maintain the structural balance. For
example, with a square slab start at the upper left corner, then remove the form from
the lower right corner, then the upper right followed by the lower left. Remove all
forms in this manner. If the forms are reusable, clean them and store them in a dry
place. Otherwise, dispose of the forms. 

For all your formwork needs, contact Formacon. We are specialists in concrete formwork
construction.
What Is The Formwork Installation Procedure?

 Published: 04 September 2019

Formwork installation procedure involves the following operations:

 Propping and centring - Propping is a system of structural members used temporarily

to support loads during construction. The forces arising from these loads must be fully
resolved, using props or columns to provide all the support needed for the work
under construction, such as beams, formwork but are not limited to only the above
mentioned.
 Shuttering – Formwork (Shuttering) acts as moulds for pouring concrete.
 Provision of chamber - The formation of a sharp nice corner is practically difficult and
the concrete at corners is easily chipped and broken into pieces during the removal
of concrete formwork. Hence, the provision of chamber could protect the corner
from chipping when striking formwork.
 Cleaning and surface treatment - Cleaning and surface treatment. 

Formwork stripping procedure

When is it safe to start the formwork stripping procedure?

The forms or moulds that holds the concrete in place until it dries should be left alone for at
least two days to ensure that the concrete has cured. If the forms are removed too soon,
the concrete can begin to sag, crack and collapse.

To start the formwork stripping procedure, you need a qualified contractor to follow the
following steps:

 Allow the concrete to dry before removing the forms. You'll want the concrete to be
hard and strong so that removing the forms does not result in a sagging surface. Allow
the concrete to cure overnight.
 Remove forms starting at the top of sloping slabs. Use a hammer to remove nails from
the stakes holding the forms in place.
 Remove the stakes from the ground that support the forms with a stake puller to avoid
damaging the stakes or the forms.
 Pull the forms away from the sides of the concrete slab using as little force as possible.
If a form sticks to the slab or is difficult to remove, use the pry bar to pry the form
upward from the ground, loosening the form from the concrete in the process. Pull the
loosened form from the concrete. Be careful not to gouge the slab with the pry bar in
the process.
  Remove forms on alternating sides of the slab to maintain the structural balance. For
example, with a square slab start at the upper left corner, then remove the form from
the lower right corner, then the upper right followed by the lower left. Remove all
forms in this manner. If the forms are reusable, clean them and store them in a dry
place. Otherwise, dispose of the forms. 

For all your formwork needs, contact Formacon. We are specialists in concrete formwork
construction.

CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ CONVENTIONAL
• The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard.
• It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood
facing has a relatively short lifespan.
• It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for
procuring reusable formwork.
• It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use,
complicated sections may use it
CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ CONVENTIONAL
• The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard.
• It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood
facing has a relatively short lifespan.
• It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for
procuring reusable formwork.
• It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use,
complicated sections may use it
CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ ENGINEERED/PRE-FABRICATEDFORMWORKS
• This formwork is built out of prefabricated modules with a metal frame (usually steel
or aluminium) and covered on the application (concrete) side with material having
the wanted surface structure (steel, aluminium, timber, etc.).
• The two major advantages of formwork systems, compared to traditional timber
formwork, are speed of construction and lower life-cycle costs (barring major force,
the frame is almost indestructible, while the covering if made of wood; may have to
be replaced after a few – or a few dozen – uses, but if the covering is made with
steel or aluminium the form can achieve up to two thousand uses depending on care
and the applications).
7
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ Formwork are mainly of twotypes:
STEEL FORMWORK
WOODEN FORMWORK
8
o Steel formwork
o Wooden formwork
o Steel formwork is made of:
• Steel sheets
• Angle Iron
• Tee Iron
o Wooden formwork consistsof:
• Props
• Planks battens
• Ledgers
• Sheeting
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ TIMBER FORMWORK
o Most common material used for bracing the
member, hence called as the traditional
formwork.
o Can be easily cut to size on site.
o Timber joist can be replaced with engineered
wood beams and supports are replaced with
metal props, which makes this method more
systematic and reusable.
o Various sizes of timber members:
Sheeting
for slabs,
beam,
column side
and beam
bottom
25 mm
to 40mm
thick
Joints,
ledges
50 x 70 mm
to 50 x
150
mm
Posts
75 x 100mm
to 100
x
100
mm
9
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ TIMBER FORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ Easy handling because it is light weight.
+ Easy to disassemble.
+ Damaged parts can be replaced with
new one.
+ Very flexible.
+ Easy to produce.
+ Easily available.
10
o DISADVANTAGES
– Limited size of shape.
– Excessive loss of heat.
– A very smooth surface will be produced
which would give problems for finishing
process.
– Limited fixing.
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ PLYWOOD
o This is by far the most common material
used for the facing panel.
o It is easily cut to shape on site, and if
handled and stored carefully, it can be
used many times.
o A standard plywood thickness on site is 18
mm.
o This is usually sufficient for most pours.
o However, if the formwork is curved, a
thinner plywood is used to facilitate
bending.
o Thicker plywood may be used when the
weight of concrete causes a standard
thickness plywood to bow out, distorting
the concrete face.
11
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ STEEL FORMWORK
o Steel forms are stronger, durable and
have longer life than timber formwork
and they can be reused.
o Steel forms can be installed and
dismantled with greater ease and speed.
o The quality of exposed concrete surface
by using steel forms is good and such
surfaces need no further treatment.
o Steel formwork does not absorb
moisture from concrete.
o Steel formwork does not shrink or warp.
12
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ STEEL FORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ It can be used for a no. of times.
+ It is non absorbent.
+ Smooth finish surface obtained.
+ No shrinkage of formwork occurs.
+ Easy to use.
+ Its volume is less.
+ Its strength is more.
13
o DISADVANTAGES
– Limited size or shape.
– Excessive loss of heat.
– A very smooth surface will be produced
which would give problems for finishing
process.
– Limited fixing.
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
o Often used in pre-fabricated formwork,
that is put together on site.
o Aluminium is strong and light, and
consequently fewer supports and ties are
required.
o The lighter sections will deflect more, but
this can be avoided by simply following
the manufacturers recommendations!!!
14
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ ALUMINIUMFORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ Quickly and accurately assembled.
+ Reduces the labour cost owing to its
easy installation.
+ Light weight component provides low
pressure on the lower part of the
buildings.
+ Aluminium metal surface offers easy
cleaning after concrete is removed.
+ Faster construction cycles.
+ Easy to handle.
+ High quality finishes.
+ Can be easily recycled.
+ Can be repeatedly used without losing
quality
+ Safe work platforms.
+ High salvage cost.
+ Fewer burdens on environment.
15
o DISADVANTAGES
– Initial high investment.
– Compares very poorly on modifications,
against brick work constructions.
– Fear of theft of valuable Aluminium
Extrusions & sheets & hence kit not
being complete at critical stages of
construction.
– Mass Housing projects are not as high
for investing in large number of
Aluminium Formwork.
– Sensitive to contact with concrete
(alcalic material)!!!
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ PLASTICFORMWORK
o Glass reinforced plastics (GRP) and vacuum
formed plastics are used when complicated
concrete shapes are required (e.g. waffle
floors).
o Although vacuum formed plastics will
always need support, GRP can be
fabricated with integral bearers making it
self supporting.
o Like steel, plastic formwork can be re-used
many times, as long as care is taken not to
scour the surface whilst vibrating the
concrete.
16
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

XIII. Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

XIV. Procedure

M. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

N. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:
Beach house resort wall - CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
Phase-1-

XV. Phase -2-

Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

XVI. Procedure

O. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

P. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:
Beach house resort wall - CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
Phase-1-

XVII. Phase -2-

Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

XVIII. Procedure

Q. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

R. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:
Beach house resort wall -

Phase-1-
What Is The Formwork Installation Procedure?
Phase -2-
 Published: 04 September 2019

Formwork installation procedure involves the following operations:

 Propping and centring - Propping is a system of structural members used temporarily

to support loads during construction. The forces arising from these loads must be fully
resolved, using props or columns to provide all the support needed for the work
under construction, such as beams, formwork but are not limited to only the above
mentioned.
 Shuttering – Formwork (Shuttering) acts as moulds for pouring concrete.
 Provision of chamber - The formation of a sharp nice corner is practically difficult and
the concrete at corners is easily chipped and broken into pieces during the removal
of concrete formwork. Hence, the provision of chamber could protect the corner
from chipping when striking formwork.
 Cleaning and surface treatment - Cleaning and surface treatment. 

Formwork stripping procedure

When is it safe to start the formwork stripping procedure?

The forms or moulds that holds the concrete in place until it dries should be left alone for at
least two days to ensure that the concrete has cured. If the forms are removed too soon,
the concrete can begin to sag, crack and collapse.

To start the formwork stripping procedure, you need a qualified contractor to follow the
following steps:
  Allow the concrete to dry before removing the forms. You'll want the concrete to be
hard and strong so that removing the forms does not result in a sagging surface. Allow
the concrete to cure overnight.
 Remove forms starting at the top of sloping slabs. Use a hammer to remove nails from
the stakes holding the forms in place.
 Remove the stakes from the ground that support the forms with a stake puller to avoid
damaging the stakes or the forms.
 Pull the forms away from the sides of the concrete slab using as little force as possible.
If a form sticks to the slab or is difficult to remove, use the pry bar to pry the form
upward from the ground, loosening the form from the concrete in the process. Pull the
loosened form from the concrete. Be careful not to gouge the slab with the pry bar in
the process.
 Remove forms on alternating sides of the slab to maintain the structural balance. For
example, with a square slab start at the upper left corner, then remove the form from
the lower right corner, then the upper right followed by the lower left. Remove all
forms in this manner. If the forms are reusable, clean them and store them in a dry
place. Otherwise, dispose of the forms. 

For all your formwork needs, contact Formacon. We are specialists in concrete formwork
construction.

What Is The Formwork Installation Procedure?

 Published: 04 September 2019

Formwork installation procedure involves the following operations:

 Propping and centring - Propping is a system of structural members used temporarily

to support loads during construction. The forces arising from these loads must be fully
resolved, using props or columns to provide all the support needed for the work
under construction, such as beams, formwork but are not limited to only the above
mentioned.
 Shuttering – Formwork (Shuttering) acts as moulds for pouring concrete.
 Provision of chamber - The formation of a sharp nice corner is practically difficult and
the concrete at corners is easily chipped and broken into pieces during the removal
of concrete formwork. Hence, the provision of chamber could protect the corner
from chipping when striking formwork.
 Cleaning and surface treatment - Cleaning and surface treatment. 

Formwork stripping procedure

When is it safe to start the formwork stripping procedure?

The forms or moulds that holds the concrete in place until it dries should be left alone for at
least two days to ensure that the concrete has cured. If the forms are removed too soon,
the concrete can begin to sag, crack and collapse.

To start the formwork stripping procedure, you need a qualified contractor to follow the
following steps:

 Allow the concrete to dry before removing the forms. You'll want the concrete to be
hard and strong so that removing the forms does not result in a sagging surface. Allow
the concrete to cure overnight.
 Remove forms starting at the top of sloping slabs. Use a hammer to remove nails from
the stakes holding the forms in place.
 Remove the stakes from the ground that support the forms with a stake puller to avoid
damaging the stakes or the forms.
 Pull the forms away from the sides of the concrete slab using as little force as possible.
If a form sticks to the slab or is difficult to remove, use the pry bar to pry the form
upward from the ground, loosening the form from the concrete in the process. Pull the
loosened form from the concrete. Be careful not to gouge the slab with the pry bar in
the process.
 Remove forms on alternating sides of the slab to maintain the structural balance. For
example, with a square slab start at the upper left corner, then remove the form from
the lower right corner, then the upper right followed by the lower left. Remove all
forms in this manner. If the forms are reusable, clean them and store them in a dry
place. Otherwise, dispose of the forms. 

For all your formwork needs, contact Formacon. We are specialists in concrete formwork
construction.

CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ CONVENTIONAL
• The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard.
• It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood
facing has a relatively short lifespan.
• It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for
procuring reusable formwork.
• It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use,
complicated sections may use it
CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ CONVENTIONAL
• The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard.
• It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood
facing has a relatively short lifespan.
• It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for
procuring reusable formwork.
• It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use,
complicated sections may use it
CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ ENGINEERED/PRE-FABRICATEDFORMWORKS
• This formwork is built out of prefabricated modules with a metal frame (usually steel
or aluminium) and covered on the application (concrete) side with material having
the wanted surface structure (steel, aluminium, timber, etc.).
• The two major advantages of formwork systems, compared to traditional timber
formwork, are speed of construction and lower life-cycle costs (barring major force,
the frame is almost indestructible, while the covering if made of wood; may have to
be replaced after a few – or a few dozen – uses, but if the covering is made with
steel or aluminium the form can achieve up to two thousand uses depending on care
and the applications).
7
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ Formwork are mainly of twotypes:
STEEL FORMWORK
WOODEN FORMWORK
8
o Steel formwork
o Wooden formwork
o Steel formwork is made of:
• Steel sheets
• Angle Iron
• Tee Iron
o Wooden formwork consistsof:
• Props
• Planks battens
• Ledgers
• Sheeting
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ TIMBER FORMWORK
o Most common material used for bracing the
member, hence called as the traditional
formwork.
o Can be easily cut to size on site.
o Timber joist can be replaced with engineered
wood beams and supports are replaced with
metal props, which makes this method more
systematic and reusable.
o Various sizes of timber members:
Sheeting
for slabs,
beam,
column side
and beam
bottom
25 mm
to 40mm
thick
Joints,
ledges
50 x 70 mm
to 50 x
150
mm
Posts
75 x 100mm
to 100
x
100
mm
9
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ TIMBER FORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ Easy handling because it is light weight.
+ Easy to disassemble.
+ Damaged parts can be replaced with
new one.
+ Very flexible.
+ Easy to produce.
+ Easily available.
10
o DISADVANTAGES
– Limited size of shape.
– Excessive loss of heat.
– A very smooth surface will be produced
which would give problems for finishing
process.
– Limited fixing.
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ PLYWOOD
o This is by far the most common material
used for the facing panel.
o It is easily cut to shape on site, and if
handled and stored carefully, it can be
used many times.
o A standard plywood thickness on site is 18
mm.
o This is usually sufficient for most pours.
o However, if the formwork is curved, a
thinner plywood is used to facilitate
bending.
o Thicker plywood may be used when the
weight of concrete causes a standard
thickness plywood to bow out, distorting
the concrete face.
11
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ STEEL FORMWORK
o Steel forms are stronger, durable and
have longer life than timber formwork
and they can be reused.
o Steel forms can be installed and
dismantled with greater ease and speed.
o The quality of exposed concrete surface
by using steel forms is good and such
surfaces need no further treatment.
o Steel formwork does not absorb
moisture from concrete.
o Steel formwork does not shrink or warp.
12
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ STEEL FORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ It can be used for a no. of times.
+ It is non absorbent.
+ Smooth finish surface obtained.
+ No shrinkage of formwork occurs.
+ Easy to use.
+ Its volume is less.
+ Its strength is more.
13
o DISADVANTAGES
– Limited size or shape.
– Excessive loss of heat.
– A very smooth surface will be produced
which would give problems for finishing
process.
– Limited fixing.
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
o Often used in pre-fabricated formwork,
that is put together on site.
o Aluminium is strong and light, and
consequently fewer supports and ties are
required.
o The lighter sections will deflect more, but
this can be avoided by simply following
the manufacturers recommendations!!!
14
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ ALUMINIUMFORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ Quickly and accurately assembled.
+ Reduces the labour cost owing to its
easy installation.
+ Light weight component provides low
pressure on the lower part of the
buildings.
+ Aluminium metal surface offers easy
cleaning after concrete is removed.
+ Faster construction cycles.
+ Easy to handle.
+ High quality finishes.
+ Can be easily recycled.
+ Can be repeatedly used without losing
quality
+ Safe work platforms.
+ High salvage cost.
+ Fewer burdens on environment.
15
o DISADVANTAGES
– Initial high investment.
– Compares very poorly on modifications,
against brick work constructions.
– Fear of theft of valuable Aluminium
Extrusions & sheets & hence kit not
being complete at critical stages of
construction.
– Mass Housing projects are not as high
for investing in large number of
Aluminium Formwork.
– Sensitive to contact with concrete
(alcalic material)!!!
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ PLASTICFORMWORK
o Glass reinforced plastics (GRP) and vacuum
formed plastics are used when complicated
concrete shapes are required (e.g. waffle
floors).
o Although vacuum formed plastics will
always need support, GRP can be
fabricated with integral bearers making it
self supporting.
o Like steel, plastic formwork can be re-used
many times, as long as care is taken not to
scour the surface whilst vibrating the
concrete.
16
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

XIX. Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

XX. Procedure

S. Phase-1
 Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

T. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
Phase-1-

Phase -2-
XXI. Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

XXII. Procedure

U. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.
 V. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
Phase-1-

Phase -2-
XXIII. Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

XXIV. Procedure

W. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

X. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
 See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

Phase-1-
What IsPhase
The Formwork
-2- Installation Procedure?

 Published: 04 September 2019

Formwork installation procedure involves the following operations:

 Propping and centring - Propping is a system of structural members used temporarily

to support loads during construction. The forces arising from these loads must be fully
resolved, using props or columns to provide all the support needed for the work
under construction, such as beams, formwork but are not limited to only the above
mentioned.
 Shuttering – Formwork (Shuttering) acts as moulds for pouring concrete.
 Provision of chamber - The formation of a sharp nice corner is practically difficult and
the concrete at corners is easily chipped and broken into pieces during the removal
of concrete formwork. Hence, the provision of chamber could protect the corner
from chipping when striking formwork.
 Cleaning and surface treatment - Cleaning and surface treatment. 

Formwork stripping procedure

When is it safe to start the formwork stripping procedure?

The forms or moulds that holds the concrete in place until it dries should be left alone for at
least two days to ensure that the concrete has cured. If the forms are removed too soon,
the concrete can begin to sag, crack and collapse.
To start the formwork stripping procedure, you need a qualified contractor to follow the
following steps:

 Allow the concrete to dry before removing the forms. You'll want the concrete to be
hard and strong so that removing the forms does not result in a sagging surface. Allow
the concrete to cure overnight.
 Remove forms starting at the top of sloping slabs. Use a hammer to remove nails from
the stakes holding the forms in place.
 Remove the stakes from the ground that support the forms with a stake puller to avoid
damaging the stakes or the forms.
 Pull the forms away from the sides of the concrete slab using as little force as possible.
If a form sticks to the slab or is difficult to remove, use the pry bar to pry the form
upward from the ground, loosening the form from the concrete in the process. Pull the
loosened form from the concrete. Be careful not to gouge the slab with the pry bar in
the process.
 Remove forms on alternating sides of the slab to maintain the structural balance. For
example, with a square slab start at the upper left corner, then remove the form from
the lower right corner, then the upper right followed by the lower left. Remove all
forms in this manner. If the forms are reusable, clean them and store them in a dry
place. Otherwise, dispose of the forms. 

For all your formwork needs, contact Formacon. We are specialists in concrete formwork
construction.

What Is The Formwork Installation Procedure?

 Published: 04 September 2019

Formwork installation procedure involves the following operations:

 Propping and centring - Propping is a system of structural members used temporarily

to support loads during construction. The forces arising from these loads must be fully
resolved, using props or columns to provide all the support needed for the work
under construction, such as beams, formwork but are not limited to only the above
mentioned.
 Shuttering – Formwork (Shuttering) acts as moulds for pouring concrete.
 Provision of chamber - The formation of a sharp nice corner is practically difficult and
the concrete at corners is easily chipped and broken into pieces during the removal
of concrete formwork. Hence, the provision of chamber could protect the corner
from chipping when striking formwork.
 Cleaning and surface treatment - Cleaning and surface treatment. 
Formwork stripping procedure

When is it safe to start the formwork stripping procedure?

The forms or moulds that holds the concrete in place until it dries should be left alone for at
least two days to ensure that the concrete has cured. If the forms are removed too soon,
the concrete can begin to sag, crack and collapse.

To start the formwork stripping procedure, you need a qualified contractor to follow the
following steps:

 Allow the concrete to dry before removing the forms. You'll want the concrete to be
hard and strong so that removing the forms does not result in a sagging surface. Allow
the concrete to cure overnight.
 Remove forms starting at the top of sloping slabs. Use a hammer to remove nails from
the stakes holding the forms in place.
 Remove the stakes from the ground that support the forms with a stake puller to avoid
damaging the stakes or the forms.
 Pull the forms away from the sides of the concrete slab using as little force as possible.
If a form sticks to the slab or is difficult to remove, use the pry bar to pry the form
upward from the ground, loosening the form from the concrete in the process. Pull the
loosened form from the concrete. Be careful not to gouge the slab with the pry bar in
the process.
 Remove forms on alternating sides of the slab to maintain the structural balance. For
example, with a square slab start at the upper left corner, then remove the form from
the lower right corner, then the upper right followed by the lower left. Remove all
forms in this manner. If the forms are reusable, clean them and store them in a dry
place. Otherwise, dispose of the forms. 

For all your formwork needs, contact Formacon. We are specialists in concrete formwork
construction.

CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ CONVENTIONAL
• The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard.
• It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood
facing has a relatively short lifespan.
• It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for
procuring reusable formwork.
• It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use,
complicated sections may use it
CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ CONVENTIONAL
• The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard.
• It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood
facing has a relatively short lifespan.
• It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for
procuring reusable formwork.
• It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use,
complicated sections may use it
CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ ENGINEERED/PRE-FABRICATEDFORMWORKS
• This formwork is built out of prefabricated modules with a metal frame (usually steel
or aluminium) and covered on the application (concrete) side with material having
the wanted surface structure (steel, aluminium, timber, etc.).
• The two major advantages of formwork systems, compared to traditional timber
formwork, are speed of construction and lower life-cycle costs (barring major force,
the frame is almost indestructible, while the covering if made of wood; may have to
be replaced after a few – or a few dozen – uses, but if the covering is made with
steel or aluminium the form can achieve up to two thousand uses depending on care
and the applications).
7
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ Formwork are mainly of twotypes:
STEEL FORMWORK
WOODEN FORMWORK
8
o Steel formwork
o Wooden formwork
o Steel formwork is made of:
• Steel sheets
• Angle Iron
• Tee Iron
o Wooden formwork consistsof:
• Props
• Planks battens
• Ledgers
• Sheeting
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ TIMBER FORMWORK
o Most common material used for bracing the
member, hence called as the traditional
formwork.
o Can be easily cut to size on site.
o Timber joist can be replaced with engineered
wood beams and supports are replaced with
metal props, which makes this method more
systematic and reusable.
o Various sizes of timber members:
Sheeting
for slabs,
beam,
column side
and beam
bottom
25 mm
to 40mm
thick
Joints,
ledges
50 x 70 mm
to 50 x
150
mm
Posts
75 x 100mm
to 100
x
100
mm
9
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ TIMBER FORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ Easy handling because it is light weight.
+ Easy to disassemble.
+ Damaged parts can be replaced with
new one.
+ Very flexible.
+ Easy to produce.
+ Easily available.
10
o DISADVANTAGES
– Limited size of shape.
– Excessive loss of heat.
– A very smooth surface will be produced
which would give problems for finishing
process.
– Limited fixing.
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ PLYWOOD
o This is by far the most common material
used for the facing panel.
o It is easily cut to shape on site, and if
handled and stored carefully, it can be
used many times.
o A standard plywood thickness on site is 18
mm.
o This is usually sufficient for most pours.
o However, if the formwork is curved, a
thinner plywood is used to facilitate
bending.
o Thicker plywood may be used when the
weight of concrete causes a standard
thickness plywood to bow out, distorting
the concrete face.
11
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ STEEL FORMWORK
o Steel forms are stronger, durable and
have longer life than timber formwork
and they can be reused.
o Steel forms can be installed and
dismantled with greater ease and speed.
o The quality of exposed concrete surface
by using steel forms is good and such
surfaces need no further treatment.
o Steel formwork does not absorb
moisture from concrete.
o Steel formwork does not shrink or warp.
12
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ STEEL FORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ It can be used for a no. of times.
+ It is non absorbent.
+ Smooth finish surface obtained.
+ No shrinkage of formwork occurs.
+ Easy to use.
+ Its volume is less.
+ Its strength is more.
13
o DISADVANTAGES
– Limited size or shape.
– Excessive loss of heat.
– A very smooth surface will be produced
which would give problems for finishing
process.
– Limited fixing.
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
o Often used in pre-fabricated formwork,
that is put together on site.
o Aluminium is strong and light, and
consequently fewer supports and ties are
required.
o The lighter sections will deflect more, but
this can be avoided by simply following
the manufacturers recommendations!!!
14
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ ALUMINIUMFORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ Quickly and accurately assembled.
+ Reduces the labour cost owing to its
easy installation.
+ Light weight component provides low
pressure on the lower part of the
buildings.
+ Aluminium metal surface offers easy
cleaning after concrete is removed.
+ Faster construction cycles.
+ Easy to handle.
+ High quality finishes.
+ Can be easily recycled.
+ Can be repeatedly used without losing
quality
+ Safe work platforms.
+ High salvage cost.
+ Fewer burdens on environment.
15
o DISADVANTAGES
– Initial high investment.
– Compares very poorly on modifications,
against brick work constructions.
– Fear of theft of valuable Aluminium
Extrusions & sheets & hence kit not
being complete at critical stages of
construction.
– Mass Housing projects are not as high
for investing in large number of
Aluminium Formwork.
– Sensitive to contact with concrete
(alcalic material)!!!
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ PLASTICFORMWORK
o Glass reinforced plastics (GRP) and vacuum
formed plastics are used when complicated
concrete shapes are required (e.g. waffle
floors).
o Although vacuum formed plastics will
always need support, GRP can be
fabricated with integral bearers making it
self supporting.
o Like steel, plastic formwork can be re-used
many times, as long as care is taken not to
scour the surface whilst vibrating the
concrete.
16
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

XXV. Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

XXVI. Procedure
 Y. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

Z. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
Phase-1-

Phase -2-
XXVII. Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

XXVIII. Procedure

AA.Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
 works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

BB. Phase-2
Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
Phase-1-

Phase -2-
XXIX. Introduction

RCG Company propose this methodology for safety concern of the new constructed
wall of beach house resort.

XXX. Procedure

CC. Phase-1
Proceed to 1st shoring of retaining wall, half of total length. Starting from the rear side,
construction will start from pouring of lean concrete, then rebar works, pouring of footing, form
works, and the last part will be pouring of retaining wall from footing up to the natural ground
level.

DD.Phase-2
 Will proceed to continue the remaining part, from the center going to the front side of the lot,
and also in the same process of construction.
See the picture below:

Beach house resort wall -

Phase-1-
What IsPhase
The Formwork
-2- Installation Procedure?

 Published: 04 September 2019

Formwork installation procedure involves the following operations:

 Propping and centring - Propping is a system of structural members used temporarily

to support loads during construction. The forces arising from these loads must be fully
resolved, using props or columns to provide all the support needed for the work
under construction, such as beams, formwork but are not limited to only the above
mentioned.
 Shuttering – Formwork (Shuttering) acts as moulds for pouring concrete.
 Provision of chamber - The formation of a sharp nice corner is practically difficult and
the concrete at corners is easily chipped and broken into pieces during the removal
of concrete formwork. Hence, the provision of chamber could protect the corner
from chipping when striking formwork.
 Cleaning and surface treatment - Cleaning and surface treatment. 

Formwork stripping procedure

When is it safe to start the formwork stripping procedure?

The forms or moulds that holds the concrete in place until it dries should be left alone for at
least two days to ensure that the concrete has cured. If the forms are removed too soon,
the concrete can begin to sag, crack and collapse.

To start the formwork stripping procedure, you need a qualified contractor to follow the
following steps:

 Allow the concrete to dry before removing the forms. You'll want the concrete to be
hard and strong so that removing the forms does not result in a sagging surface. Allow
the concrete to cure overnight.
 Remove forms starting at the top of sloping slabs. Use a hammer to remove nails from
the stakes holding the forms in place.
 Remove the stakes from the ground that support the forms with a stake puller to avoid
damaging the stakes or the forms.
 Pull the forms away from the sides of the concrete slab using as little force as possible.
If a form sticks to the slab or is difficult to remove, use the pry bar to pry the form
upward from the ground, loosening the form from the concrete in the process. Pull the
loosened form from the concrete. Be careful not to gouge the slab with the pry bar in
the process.
 Remove forms on alternating sides of the slab to maintain the structural balance. For
example, with a square slab start at the upper left corner, then remove the form from
the lower right corner, then the upper right followed by the lower left. Remove all
forms in this manner. If the forms are reusable, clean them and store them in a dry
place. Otherwise, dispose of the forms. 

For all your formwork needs, contact Formacon. We are specialists in concrete formwork
construction.

What Is The Formwork Installation Procedure?

 Published: 04 September 2019

Formwork installation procedure involves the following operations:

 Propping and centring - Propping is a system of structural members used temporarily

to support loads during construction. The forces arising from these loads must be fully
resolved, using props or columns to provide all the support needed for the work
under construction, such as beams, formwork but are not limited to only the above
mentioned.
 Shuttering – Formwork (Shuttering) acts as moulds for pouring concrete.
 Provision of chamber - The formation of a sharp nice corner is practically difficult and
the concrete at corners is easily chipped and broken into pieces during the removal
 of concrete formwork. Hence, the provision of chamber could protect the corner
from chipping when striking formwork.
 Cleaning and surface treatment - Cleaning and surface treatment. 

Formwork stripping procedure

When is it safe to start the formwork stripping procedure?

The forms or moulds that holds the concrete in place until it dries should be left alone for at
least two days to ensure that the concrete has cured. If the forms are removed too soon,
the concrete can begin to sag, crack and collapse.

To start the formwork stripping procedure, you need a qualified contractor to follow the
following steps:

 Allow the concrete to dry before removing the forms. You'll want the concrete to be
hard and strong so that removing the forms does not result in a sagging surface. Allow
the concrete to cure overnight.
 Remove forms starting at the top of sloping slabs. Use a hammer to remove nails from
the stakes holding the forms in place.
 Remove the stakes from the ground that support the forms with a stake puller to avoid
damaging the stakes or the forms.
 Pull the forms away from the sides of the concrete slab using as little force as possible.
If a form sticks to the slab or is difficult to remove, use the pry bar to pry the form
upward from the ground, loosening the form from the concrete in the process. Pull the
loosened form from the concrete. Be careful not to gouge the slab with the pry bar in
the process.
 Remove forms on alternating sides of the slab to maintain the structural balance. For
example, with a square slab start at the upper left corner, then remove the form from
the lower right corner, then the upper right followed by the lower left. Remove all
forms in this manner. If the forms are reusable, clean them and store them in a dry
place. Otherwise, dispose of the forms. 

For all your formwork needs, contact Formacon. We are specialists in concrete formwork
construction.

CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ CONVENTIONAL
• The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard.
• It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood
facing has a relatively short lifespan.
• It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for
procuring reusable formwork.
• It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use,
complicated sections may use it
CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ CONVENTIONAL
• The formwork is built on site out of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard.
• It is easy to produce but time-consuming for larger structures, and the plywood
facing has a relatively short lifespan.
• It is still used extensively where the labour costs are lower than the costs for
procuring reusable formwork.
• It is also the most flexible type of formwork, so even where other systems are in use,
complicated sections may use it
CATEGORIES OF FORMWORK
➢ ENGINEERED/PRE-FABRICATEDFORMWORKS
• This formwork is built out of prefabricated modules with a metal frame (usually steel
or aluminium) and covered on the application (concrete) side with material having
the wanted surface structure (steel, aluminium, timber, etc.).
• The two major advantages of formwork systems, compared to traditional timber
formwork, are speed of construction and lower life-cycle costs (barring major force,
the frame is almost indestructible, while the covering if made of wood; may have to
be replaced after a few – or a few dozen – uses, but if the covering is made with
steel or aluminium the form can achieve up to two thousand uses depending on care
and the applications).
7
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ Formwork are mainly of twotypes:
STEEL FORMWORK
WOODEN FORMWORK
8
o Steel formwork
o Wooden formwork
o Steel formwork is made of:
• Steel sheets
• Angle Iron
• Tee Iron
o Wooden formwork consistsof:
• Props
• Planks battens
• Ledgers
• Sheeting
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ TIMBER FORMWORK
o Most common material used for bracing the
member, hence called as the traditional
formwork.
o Can be easily cut to size on site.
o Timber joist can be replaced with engineered
wood beams and supports are replaced with
metal props, which makes this method more
systematic and reusable.
o Various sizes of timber members:
Sheeting
for slabs,
beam,
column side
and beam
bottom
25 mm
to 40mm
thick
Joints,
ledges
50 x 70 mm
to 50 x
150
mm
Posts
75 x 100mm
to 100
x
100
mm
9
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ TIMBER FORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ Easy handling because it is light weight.
+ Easy to disassemble.
+ Damaged parts can be replaced with
new one.
+ Very flexible.
+ Easy to produce.
+ Easily available.
10
o DISADVANTAGES
– Limited size of shape.
– Excessive loss of heat.
– A very smooth surface will be produced
which would give problems for finishing
process.
– Limited fixing.
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ PLYWOOD
o This is by far the most common material
used for the facing panel.
o It is easily cut to shape on site, and if
handled and stored carefully, it can be
used many times.
o A standard plywood thickness on site is 18
mm.
o This is usually sufficient for most pours.
o However, if the formwork is curved, a
thinner plywood is used to facilitate
bending.
o Thicker plywood may be used when the
weight of concrete causes a standard
thickness plywood to bow out, distorting
the concrete face.
11
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ STEEL FORMWORK
o Steel forms are stronger, durable and
have longer life than timber formwork
and they can be reused.
o Steel forms can be installed and
dismantled with greater ease and speed.
o The quality of exposed concrete surface
by using steel forms is good and such
surfaces need no further treatment.
o Steel formwork does not absorb
moisture from concrete.
o Steel formwork does not shrink or warp.
12
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ STEEL FORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ It can be used for a no. of times.
+ It is non absorbent.
+ Smooth finish surface obtained.
+ No shrinkage of formwork occurs.
+ Easy to use.
+ Its volume is less.
+ Its strength is more.
13
o DISADVANTAGES
– Limited size or shape.
– Excessive loss of heat.
– A very smooth surface will be produced
which would give problems for finishing
process.
– Limited fixing.
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
o Often used in pre-fabricated formwork,
that is put together on site.
o Aluminium is strong and light, and
consequently fewer supports and ties are
required.
o The lighter sections will deflect more, but
this can be avoided by simply following
the manufacturers recommendations!!!
14
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ ALUMINIUMFORMWORK
o ADVANTAGES
+ Quickly and accurately assembled.
+ Reduces the labour cost owing to its
easy installation.
+ Light weight component provides low
pressure on the lower part of the
buildings.
+ Aluminium metal surface offers easy
cleaning after concrete is removed.
+ Faster construction cycles.
+ Easy to handle.
+ High quality finishes.
+ Can be easily recycled.
+ Can be repeatedly used without losing
quality
+ Safe work platforms.
+ High salvage cost.
+ Fewer burdens on environment.
15
o DISADVANTAGES
– Initial high investment.
– Compares very poorly on modifications,
against brick work constructions.
– Fear of theft of valuable Aluminium
Extrusions & sheets & hence kit not
being complete at critical stages of
construction.
– Mass Housing projects are not as high
for investing in large number of
Aluminium Formwork.
– Sensitive to contact with concrete
(alcalic material)!!!
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.
MATERIALS
➢ PLASTICFORMWORK
o Glass reinforced plastics (GRP) and vacuum
formed plastics are used when complicated
concrete shapes are required (e.g. waffle
floors).
o Although vacuum formed plastics will
always need support, GRP can be
fabricated with integral bearers making it
self supporting.
o Like steel, plastic formwork can be re-used
many times, as long as care is taken not to
scour the surface whilst vibrating the
concrete.
16
Engr. Shad Muhammad, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University,
Sahiwal.

Formwork Removal

Be sure to obtain approval from the consultant before striking formwork for
concrete work.
Make sure the concrete has reached minimum sufficient strength before removing
the formwork.

While removing the formwork, ensure adequate safety measures are taken.

Forms shall be cleaned as soon as they have been struck.

A good storage system is crucial to ensure that the formwork can be reused.

Identify them easily when they are needed by painting code numbers on them.

Removal of shuttering / deshuttering time period should be as detailed below:

Formwork Removal

Be sure to obtain approval from the consultant before striking formwork for
concrete work.

Make sure the concrete has reached minimum sufficient strength before removing
the formwork.

While removing the formwork, ensure adequate safety measures are taken.

Forms shall be cleaned as soon as they have been struck.

A good storage system is crucial to ensure that the formwork can be reused.

Identify them easily when they are needed by painting code numbers on them.

Removal of shuttering / deshuttering time period should be as detailed below:

Formwork Removal

Be sure to obtain approval from the consultant before striking formwork for
concrete work.

Make sure the concrete has reached minimum sufficient strength before removing
the formwork.

While removing the formwork, ensure adequate safety measures are taken.

Forms shall be cleaned as soon as they have been struck.

A good storage system is crucial to ensure that the formwork can be reused.

Identify them easily when they are needed by painting code numbers on them.

Removal of shuttering / deshuttering time period should be as detailed below:

Essential Form Configurations

The outline configuration of the Method Statement for Formwork to be implemented is
further hereto:

 All works will be performed using timber formwork.

 An 18mm laminated plyboard will be used for the main panel of the form. In the
case of minor items, a thinner form might be used.
 Forms will be constructed so that they can withstand pressures from fresh
concrete and ensure that they are water-tight in any case.
 Aluminum and/or timber beams will be fixed along the length and width of the
planks to stiffen the panels.
 In cases where the form is taller than 1.5 m, steel soldiers may be used to hold
the panels together.
 A 25mm chamfer will be formed on the external corners of structures above
ground level.
 Openings will be provided for vertical elements like walls, etc., to facilitate
pouring in and compacting.
 Rebar will be supported with the correct coverings using cover blocks made of
the same mix as the parent material.
 Stripping of forms will be done very carefully so that no damage is caused to
the casted structure.
 The quality assurance for formwork will be followed as per the approved
inspection and test plan.

Safe Work Method Statement for Formwork Process

It is advisable to mark the weight of large prefabricated sections of formwork so that
the crane’s lifting capacity is not exceeded at the working radius. A lifting point is
usually provided.

In order to prevent distortion, a spreader or lifting beam should be used.

If the vertical soldiers are lifting, make sure they are properly connected to the waling.
Close to the stored formwork should be fire extinguishers in working order.

Essential Form Configurations

The outline configuration of the Method Statement for Formwork to be implemented is
further hereto:

 All works will be performed using timber formwork.

 An 18mm laminated plyboard will be used for the main panel of the form. In the
case of minor items, a thinner form might be used.
 Forms will be constructed so that they can withstand pressures from fresh
concrete and ensure that they are water-tight in any case.
 Aluminum and/or timber beams will be fixed along the length and width of the
planks to stiffen the panels.
 In cases where the form is taller than 1.5 m, steel soldiers may be used to hold
the panels together.
 A 25mm chamfer will be formed on the external corners of structures above
ground level.
 Openings will be provided for vertical elements like walls, etc., to facilitate
pouring in and compacting.
 Rebar will be supported with the correct coverings using cover blocks made of
the same mix as the parent material.
 Stripping of forms will be done very carefully so that no damage is caused to
the casted structure.
 The quality assurance for formwork will be followed as per the approved
inspection and test plan.

Safe Work Method Statement for Formwork Process

It is advisable to mark the weight of large prefabricated sections of formwork so that
the crane’s lifting capacity is not exceeded at the working radius. A lifting point is
usually provided.

In order to prevent distortion, a spreader or lifting beam should be used.

If the vertical soldiers are lifting, make sure they are properly connected to the waling.

Close to the stored formwork should be fire extinguishers in working order.

FAQs
What is a safe work method statement for formwork?

A safe work method statement (SWMS) for formwork is a crucial piece of

documentation that outlines the safe approach to formwork operations for your
projects, teams, and workers. The SWMS provides a clear and detailed explanation of
how to carry out formwork operations safely, and it serves as a backbone for formwork
documentation.

What is the method statement for formwork removal?

When it comes to the removal of formwork, extreme care must be taken to avoid
disturbing the concrete. Formwork should not be removed until the concrete has
gained sufficient strength to hold its shape. The minimum period between placing the
concrete and removing the forms should be followed as specified in the project’s
requirements.

What is the procedure for designing the formwork?

Designing formwork involves a systematic approach to ensure that the resulting

structures meet the desired size, shape, and finish of the concrete required. One of the
most important factors to consider is the accuracy of the formwork since it plays a
critical role in ensuring the stability and cost-effectiveness of the overall structure.

To achieve precision in formwork design, it is essential to take into account the

required size, shape, and finish of the concrete. This can be achieved through careful
planning and attention to detail during the construction process.

Furthermore, safety is of utmost importance when constructing formwork. It is vital to

ensure that the formwork can withstand all dead and live loads without the risk of
collapsing, which can result in significant injury or damage to property.

FAQs
What is a safe work method statement for formwork?

A safe work method statement (SWMS) for formwork is a crucial piece of

documentation that outlines the safe approach to formwork operations for your
projects, teams, and workers. The SWMS provides a clear and detailed explanation of
how to carry out formwork operations safely, and it serves as a backbone for formwork
documentation.

What is the method statement for formwork removal?

When it comes to the removal of formwork, extreme care must be taken to avoid
disturbing the concrete. Formwork should not be removed until the concrete has
gained sufficient strength to hold its shape. The minimum period between placing the
concrete and removing the forms should be followed as specified in the project’s
requirements.

What is the procedure for designing the formwork?

Designing formwork involves a systematic approach to ensure that the resulting

structures meet the desired size, shape, and finish of the concrete required. One of the
most important factors to consider is the accuracy of the formwork since it plays a
critical role in ensuring the stability and cost-effectiveness of the overall structure.

To achieve precision in formwork design, it is essential to take into account the

required size, shape, and finish of the concrete. This can be achieved through careful
planning and attention to detail during the construction process.

Furthermore, safety is of utmost importance when constructing formwork. It is vital to

ensure that the formwork can withstand all dead and live loads without the risk of
collapsing, which can result in significant injury or damage to property.