LEGANES NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL

Science Technology and Engineering

Leganes, Iloilo

Artificial Reproduction Technology

A Reaction Paper Presented

To The Science Teacher Of

Leganes National High School

In Partial Fulfillment Of

The 3rd Quarter Performance Task 2

In Science 10

By:

Shanelle Margarette Soteo

 LEGANES NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL
Science Technology and Engineering
Leganes, Iloilo

Reproduction is a fundamental biological process carried out by different living

organisms to produce their young ones or offspring. In humans, reproduction plays a significant
role in the continuity of species from one generation to another generation. Without
reproduction, there would be no life existing on the planet earth. A common condition, female
infertility is an inability to get pregnant and have a successful pregnancy. This is typically
diagnosed after a woman has tried to get pregnant (through unprotected sex) for 12 months
without a pregnancy. There are many treatment options for infertility, including medications to
correct hormonal issues, surgery for physical problems, and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Assisted
reproductive technologies (ART), by the American Center for Disease Control (CDC) definition,
are any fertility-related treatments in which eggs or embryos are manipulated. Procedures
where only sperm are manipulated, such as intrauterine inseminations, are not considered
under this definition. Additionally, procedures in which ovarian stimulation is performed without a
plan for egg retrieval are also excluded from the definition. ART includes all fertility treatments in
which either eggs or embryos are handled. In general, ART procedures involve surgically
removing eggs from a woman’s ovaries, combining them with sperm in the laboratory, and
returning them to the woman’s body or donating them to another woman. They do NOT include
treatments in which only sperm are handled (i.e., intrauterine—or artificial—insemination) or
procedures in which a woman takes medicine only to stimulate egg production without the
intention of having eggs retrieved. Artificial Reproduction Technology (ART) refers to a set of
medical techniques used to achieve pregnancy through means other than sexual intercourse.
The most common ART procedures include in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm
injection (ICSI), intrauterine insemination (IUI), and surrogate motherhood.

While ART has helped many couples achieve pregnancy, it is not without potential risks
and complications. These may include multiple births, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,
ectopic pregnancy, and birth defects Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) includes in vitro
fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafallopian
transfer (ZIFT), and frozen embryo transfer (FET). In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the joining of a
woman's egg and a man's sperm in a laboratory dish. In vitro means outside the body.
Fertilization means the sperm has attached to and entered the egg. IVF is a form of assisted
 LEGANES NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL
Science Technology and Engineering
Leganes, Iloilo

reproductive technology (ART). This means special medical techniques are used to help a
woman become pregnant. It is most often tried when other, less expensive fertility techniques
have failed. The first successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in humans was performed in
1978 in England – a woman had an unstimulated menstrual cycle, and physicians performed a
laparoscopic retrieval of a single oocyte from the ovary. The oocyte was then fertilized in vitro
and subsequently transferred as an embryo into her uterus.[1] Since that time, IVF technology
has developed and expanded in access worldwide. This review will discuss current techniques
in assisted reproductive technologies and discuss indications and associated risks. IVF is by far
the most common ART procedure performed and will be chiefly reviewed along with associated
techniques such as cryopreservation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Gamete
intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) uses multiple eggs collected from the ovaries. The eggs are placed
into a thin flexible tube (catheter) along with the sperm to be used. The gametes (both eggs and
sperm) are then injected into the fallopian tubes using a surgical procedure called laparoscopy.
The doctor will use general anesthesia. Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) is similar to GIFT
but also uses in vitro fertilization (IVF). Eggs are stimulated and collected using IVF methods.
Then the eggs are mixed with sperm in the lab. Fertilized eggs (zygotes) are then returned to
the fallopian tubes with laparoscopic surgery. From there, they will be carried into the uterus.
The goal is for the zygote to implant in the uterus and develop into a fetus. A frozen embryo
transfer (FET) is a cycle where a frozen embryo from a previous fresh IVF cycle is thawed and
transferred back into a woman's uterus. This means you won't have to undergo another cycle of
hormone stimulation and egg collection. Frozen embryo cycles can be undertaken on your
natural cycle or using hormone preparation, or ovulation induction.

Ethical implications entail the bioethical problems related to the medical aspects of these
techniques. The uses of technology have the capability of making many innocent people suffer,
and this is a moral concern. An example of such an issue can be the fact that nuclear
technology has the potential of killing many people and consequently destroying the
environment. The potential for misuse and exploitation of this technology. It could lead to a rise
in eugenics, where people are genetically modified to fit certain standards or traits deemed
desirable by society. This could lead to discrimination against those who do not fit these
 LEGANES NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL
Science Technology and Engineering
Leganes, Iloilo

standards. The loss of embryos occurs in IVF. The embryo selection is carried out using
preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to transfer only the best-quality embryos. Gamete
donation, especially the right to privacy of donors and of children to know their parents. The
production of savior siblings. The possible use of these techniques for social purposes,
unrelated to the woman’s fertility, such as ‘gestational surrogacy’ and ‘social freezing’. Artificial
reproduction could provide a solution to infertility and genetic disorders. It could also allow
same-sex couples or single individuals to have biological children. However, there are ethical
concerns surrounding the creation of life in a laboratory setting. Furthermore, allowing humans
to artificially reproduce raises questions about who would have access to this technology and
how it would be regulated. It could potentially create a divide between those who can afford it
and those who cannot. In conclusion, while artificial reproduction may seem like an attractive
option for some, we must carefully consider the potential consequences before moving forward
with this technology. Ultimately, we must prioritize the well-being of future generations over our
desire for scientific advancement.

Artificial reproduction has become a common practice in modern society, allowing individuals to
conceive children through various assisted reproductive technologies. However, if artificial
reproduction did not exist, the impact on others would be significant. For one person, the
inability to conceive a child naturally could lead to feelings of inadequacy and sadness. It could
also result in strained relationships with partners who desire children but cannot have them.
Additionally, without artificial reproduction, adoption may become a more prevalent option for
those seeking to expand their families. On a larger scale, the absence of artificial reproduction
would affect medical advancements and research in reproductive health. Scientists would have
limited opportunities to study infertility and develop new treatments for those struggling with
fertility issues. In conclusion, the impact of not having artificial reproduction would extend
beyond just one person's ability to conceive a child. It would affect individuals' emotional well-
being, medical advancements, and economic stability.

REFERENCES
 LEGANES NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL
Science Technology and Engineering
Leganes, Iloilo

.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576409/
https://www.cdc.gov/art/whatis.html#:~:text=According%20to%20this%20definition%2C
%20ART,donating%20them%20to%20another%20woman. https://www.sart.org/patients/a-
patients-guide-to-assisted-reproductive-technology/general-information/assisted-reproductive-
technologies/#:~:text=Assisted%20Reproductive%20Technology%20(ART)%20includes,frozen
%20embryo%20transfer%20(FET). https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007279.htm#:~:text=In
%20vitro%20fertilization%20(IVF)%20is,to%20and%20entered%20the%20egg.
https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/Pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw202763#:~:text=Gamete
%20intrafallopian%20transfer%20(GIFT)%20uses,a%20surgical%20procedure%20called
%20laparoscopy. https://www.ivf.com.au/treatments/fertility-treatments/frozen-embryo-transfer
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/70764

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov