WEEK 1-3 possible by all people regardless of their age,
size, ability or disability.
Design Process
 A series of actions, generates ideas, new ideas
are edited base on previous versions
Design Methodology
 Design methodology refers to the development
of a system or method for a unique situation.
Design Methodology in Technology
 Top-Down Design or Stepwise Refinement:
starts from the end solution and works
backwards
 Bottom-Up Design: works up towards a
solution.
 Structured Design: starts by identifying inputs
and desired outputs
 Structured Analysis and Design Technique:
describe the hierarchy of a system's functions
 Data Structured Systems Development:
determines the system structure in this
methodology
 Object Oriented Design: based on a system of
interacting objects
8 Types of Design Methodology
 Design To Value: An important part of what
influence architects and designers when they
make their design decisions.
 Emergent Design: A design that evolves
according to need or the creative input of a
community.
 Flat Design: Is a style of interface emphasizing
minimum use of stylistic elements that give the
illusion of three dimensions
 Inclusive Design: Is the design of an
environment so that it can be accessed and used
by as many people as possible, regardless of age,
gender and disability.
 Iterative Design: methodology based on a cyclic
of prototyping, testing, analyzing and refining a
product or process.
 Transition Design: design argues that the
complex social, economic and ecological
problems that we face require the transformation
of entire lifestyles, so that they become more
place-based, convivial and sustainable.
 Universal Design: is the design and composition
of an environment so that it can be accessed,
understood and used to the greatest extent
 Value Sensitive Design: concept that advocates
the consideration of human principles and
standards when planning technology.
VITRUVIAN TRIAD
 known and established by principles of
Architectural Theory that the conceptual
integrity of a system
 function (utilitas), structure (firmitas), and
concept (venustas)
 Utilitas function of the structure
 Firmitas the means, materials, and logistics
 Venustas represents the design – a layout
Design Philosophy
 philosophy is a set of values that you use to
inform your design
Considering Site Analysis
 Site Location: road names, address, landmark
 Current Context: existing bldgs., road
 Access to the site: bus, train stations, pedestrian
 Accessibility: disabled access to the site
 Circulation: near the site flow around or within
 Vegetation: landscaping, greenery, shrubs and
trees, open spaces
 Views: best views to and from the site
 Building context: what style, period, state of
repair are the surrounding buildings
 Weather: weather affect the site
 Noise, odor and pollution: is the site in a
particularly noisy area? Or near industrial
buildings that produce levels of pollution
 Site levels: How will this affect your design
process? How does the site drainage work,
would there be any potential problems with
drain
Design Solution
 concepts and solutions will begin to build as you
explore the different factors required in your
design and the values and ideas you can come up
with
Three main sections
 Ideational phase: is related to the reflection
dimension in the design process
  Transitional phase: from the abstract context to
the quasi-real one
 Interpersonal phase: the students and also to
improve their interpersonal communication
skills, by arranging face-to-face dialogue (in the
juries) between the students and project
supervisors.
WEEK 4-6
Functional Concept and Interior Environment
Sociological Human Need
 People's perception of their environment
influences their social interaction within that
environment.
Privacy
 central regulatory human process by which
persons make themselves more or less accessible
to others
Personal Interaction Levels
 one mechanism used in achieving a desired level
of privacy.
 Edward T. Hall defines four distinct distances
at which interpersonal transactions normally
take place
 Intimate Space: is that area immediately
surrounding the individual’s body.
 Personal Space: allows only select friends, or
fellow workers
 Social Space: social contacts on a temporary
basis
 Public Space: individual does not expect to
have direct contact with others
Territoriality
 means of achieving a desired level of privacy. It
involves the exclusive control of a space by an
individual or group. This control implies
privileges and may involve aggressive actions in
its defense.
Crowding
 occurs when personal space and territoriality
mechanisms function ineffectively, resulting in
an excess of undesired external social contact.
Psychological Human Response
 the environment is complex and best understood
in terms of three psychological stages of human
behavior: perception, cognition, and spatial
behavior.
PERCEPTION And Aesthetic
 acquisition of information through the sensations
of sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste.
 Individual differences such as sex, age and
health, etc. are important determinants of
behavioral responses to an environment.
Defensible Space
 an architectural interpretation of territoriality
and personal space. People identity to others
what they perceive to their own through the
creation of a physical barrier.
 Order: people are impelled to seek order and
understanding
 Outline: outline of the ‘whole’ should represent
grace and balance, not awkward angularity,
overpowering massiveness, or unintentional
symmetry.
 Identifiable: Environment references ex: paths,
edges, districts, nodes, landmarks, runs, margins,
portals, areas, volumes, and acoustic division –
should be clear.
 Functional Space: Space should appear
“positive” rather than “negative”, ex: it should
seem to have been purposefully designed, rather
than left to chance.
 The whole versus a sequential experience:
Perceptual confidence comes from an
understanding of the whole, as opposed to a
sequential experience, which leads to continuing
assumptions and doubts.
 Familiarity: impression of security based on the
repetition of familiar patterns should be created
 Reliability Visual: illusion that could lead to
incorrect assumption and loss of confidence on
the part of the observer should be avoided.
 Cultural Identity: Cultural differences reflect
individual needs to identity with the traditional,
as opposed to keep up with what is fashionable.
 Aesthetic Objective: aesthetic objective should
be relevant to human need rather than
architectural monuments
Values

 Values can be uniquely yours or they can be

feelings characteristics of the society to which
you belong.
Types of Values

 Integrity: synonymous to honesty. It is “the

quality or state of being completes or undivided.
 Honesty: is fairness or straight towardness
 Justice: are fairness, objectivity, impartiality ; is
a value which is universally upheld
 Sharing: to let someone else have
 Discipline: discipline touches many aspects of
everyday life
 Kindness: having or showing a gentle nature
 Teamwork: the work done by people who work
together as a team
 Hard work: a lot of time and energy to do work
 Patient: able to remain calm and not become
annoyed
Aspirations

 are hope or ambition deeper and more broadly

purposeful than a goal or resolution.
Three ways to associate aspiration

 PERSONAL: aspiration includes growth

through character building, level of contentment
 CAREER: aspiration can be defined as how you
wish to impact an industry
 FINANCIAL: aspiration can include the desire
for fiduciary gain, stability, or the ability to
attain materials things
Ambience

 A civilized “ambience” of the household or a

native ambience, rural ambience.
Culture

 is the social behavior and norms found in human

societies.