Dec 13, 2020

Sequences: When we are dealing with numbers then a sequence is simply a set
of finite or infinite numbers having some fixed pattern to increase or decrease.
Example: 1, 3, 5, 7, ----- Pattern: each time increasing by 2 or the next term is
obtained by adding 2 in the previous term.
The numbers in a sequence are called terms like 1 is the first term, 3 is the
second term, 5 is the third term in the above sequence and so on.
Mathematically, terms of a sequence are written as u1, u2 , u3 , , un , un1,    .

In the above sequence u1  1, u2  3, u3  5,   

General term of a sequence: When we generalise the pattern of a sequence

using a mathematical formula then it is called the general term of the
sequence and it is usually expressed in terms of n where n is a whole number
and denoted by un .

Example:
1,3,5,    
u1  1  2  0
u2  1  2  1
u3  1  2  2

un  1  2(n  1)  1  2n  2  2n  1

This is required general term for the above sequence.

Example 2:

12 ,22 ,32 ,     
u1  12
u2  2 2
u3  32


un  n 2
Example: Generalise the pattern in the following sequence and write its nth
term or general term. These are also called the triangular number.
1,3,6,10,15,   
u1  1
u2  1  2
u3  1  2  3
u4  1  2  3  4

n(n  1)
un  1  2  3     n 
2
Representing a sequence: A sequence can be represented by the following
ways;
(a) Listing the first few terms separated by commas like 2,5,8,11,  
(b) Using the general term or nth term of the sequence like
un   2n 3n1


We can generate the entire sequence if general or nth term is known. It is

simply putting the values of n as 1, 2,3    . For example, tenth term of this
sequence will be u10  2 10  3  23 .

© Using the recurrence relation or equation

We can write the nth term or sometimes (n+1) th term of the sequence in
terms of the previous terms and this type of relations are called recurrence
relation.
Example 1: write the sequence 1,3,5,   , un1 , un ,    using the recurrence
relation.
Here each next term is obtained by adding 2 to the previous term so we can
write un  un1  2, u1  1& n  1 . Whenever a sequence is expressed using a
recurrence relation then the first few terms will be given to start the sequence
and generate all the remaining terms.
Example: write the sequence 1, 4,16, 64,   , un1 , un ,    using a recurrence
relation.
Here each next term is obtained by multiplying the previous term by 4. Hence,
recurrence relation can be written as un  4un1 , u1  1, n  1 .

Example 3: Fibonacci sequence

1,1, 2,3,5,8,13,   un 2 , un 1 , un , un 1 ,   

Here each next term is sum of the two previous terms with first two terms 1
and 1.
un  un 1  un 2 , n  2, u1  u2  1

Generating the sequence when it is given by nth term or recurrence relation

Let nth term or general term of a sequence is given by un  3n  2, n  N . Find the
first 10 terms of the sequence.
Example: Find the first 12 terms of a sequence whose nth term is
un  2n2  1, n  N

Example: Find the first five terms of a sequence which is expressed by the
recurrence relation un  3un1 , u1  1, n  1 .

Putting n as 2, we have u2  3u1  3 1  3

Putting n as 3, we have u3  3u2  3  3  9

Putting n as 4, we have u4  3u3  3  9  27

And so on.
Using GDC
Example: Generate Fibonacci sequence which is given by un1  un  un1 , u1  u2  1

Definition of sequence based on functions

A sequence is a function whose domain is the set of natural numbers N.
This is +1
Example: Let a function defined as f : N  R, f (n)  2n 2  3, n  N
Here the rule of the function would be the nth term/general term of the
sequence and it is now un  2n2  1 .
Example: Let a function defined by f (n)  3n  5, f : N  R

Example: Generate first 5 terms of the following sequences;

(a) 3n2  1 (b) f : N  R, f (n) 

1
(c)un1  3un  2, u1  5, n  1
1  n2

Also, use GDC to verify your answers in all three cases.

Finite/infinite sequence: A sequence having countable terms called finite
sequence otherwise infinite sequence. The set of natural numbers is an infinite
sequence.
Arithmetic progressions (AP)
An AP is a sequence whose terms increase or decrease by a constant difference
and this constant difference is denoted by d and it is termed as common
difference. We say an AP is completely known if its first term and the common
difference is known.
Examples:
(a)1,5,9,   
(b)un  2n  3, n  N
(c)un 1  un  6, u1  5

(a) It is increasing by 4 so it is an AP. Here the common difference is 4.

(b) We can generate first few terms like,
u1  2  3  1
u2  4  3  1
u3  6  3  3

Hence, the sequence is 1,1,3,    this is clearly an AP with first term -1

and common difference is 2.
©
un 1  un  6, u1  5
u2  u1  6  5  6  11
u3  u2  6  11  6  17
u4  u3  6  17  6  23

Hence sequence is 5,11,17, 23,   

This is an AP with first term 5 and common difference 6.
Note: Next term in any AP is obtained by simply adding the value of common
difference to the previous term like un1  un  d

How to find common difference in any AP:

Let u1 , u2 , u2 ,   , un , un1 ,    be any AP then its common difference d will be
d  u2  u1  u3  u2      un 1  un

It is the difference between two consecutive terms of the AP.

General AP: Let first term of an AP be a and common difference d then this AP
can be written as a, a  d , a  2d , a  3d ,   
We can generalise this sequence and find the nth term or general term as
follows;
u1  a  a  (1  1)d
u2  a  d  a  (2  1)d
u3  a  2d  a  (3  1)d


un  a  (n  1)d

This is required general term of an AP whose first term is a and the common
difference is d. This formula can be used to find the general term of any AP
whose first term and common difference is known.
Example: Find the nth term of an AP 3, 7,11,15,   
Here
a  3& d  4
 un  a  (n  1)d  3  (n  1)4  3  4n  4  4n  1

Example: find the general term of an AP 10, 7, 4,1,   

Here first term is 10 and the common difference is -3. So, the general term will
be un  a  (n  1)d  10  (n  1)(3)  10  3n  3  13  3n
5 1
Example: If general term of an AP be n  then find its first term and the
6 2
common difference.
5 1
un  n 
6 2
5 1 10 1 15 1
u1   , u2   , u3  
6 2 6 2 6 2
5 1 53 8 4
a     
6 2 6 6 3
 10 1   5 1  10 5 5
d  u2  u1           
 6 2 6 2 6 6 6
Example: If tenth term of an AP be 15 and its first term is 4, find the common
difference.
un  a  (n  1)d
11
u10  a  9d  15  4  9d  15  d 
9

Example: If 7th term of an AP be 18 and common difference is 2, find its first

term.
Let first term be a and the common difference d then
un  a  (n  1)d
u7  18  a  6d  18  a  12  18  a  6

Example: find the first term and common difference of an AP whose 5th term is
12 and 12th term is 20.
u5  12  a  4d  12    (1)
u12  a  11d  20      (2)

Solving above equations simultaneously, we have

52 8
a  ,d 
7 7

Example: Find the first term and common difference of an AP whose 10th term
is -25 and 20th term is 85.
Example: find the number of terms in the AP 4, 7,10,   ,37.
Let 37 be the nth term.
 a  (n  1)d  37
4  (n  1)  3  37
(n  1)  3  33
 n  1  11  n  12
Example: Find the number of terms in the following sequences
(a )1,3,5,   221.
(b)2, 6,10,   , 62.

Example: Is 300 a term of an AP whose nth term is given by un  5n  2 ?

302
Let 300 be nth term then un  300  5n  2  300  n   60.4
5

Since n is the number of term and cannot be a fraction hence, 300 is not a
term in this AP.
Note: The value of n (number of terms) will be always a whole number and it
cannot be negative or a fraction.
Example: Which term of the AP 3,10,17,    is 80.
Let nth term be 80.
84
un  a  (n  1)d  80  3  (n  1)7  80  7n  4  80  n   12
7

Hence, 12th term of this AP will be 80.

Series: the sum of terms of a sequence is called series. B-6 7/12/2021
Let u1 , u2 , u3 ,   , un ,    be any sequence then its corresponding series will be
u1  u2      un    

How to write a series using a sigma notation?

A series can be written using the sigma notation which is a compact way to
express a series.
n
u1  u2      un   ui
i 1

Example: Write the series 1  3  5      (2n  1) using the sigma notation.

n
1  3  5    (2n  1)   (2i  1)
i 1

Example: Write the following series using the sigma notation;

(a)12  22      n2
(b)2  5  8      (5n  3)
(c)1  5  9    to nterms
Example: Expand the following series;
n
( a ) (3i  4)
i 1
10
(b) (4r  7)
r 1
n
1
(c ) 
j 1 1  j
2

As long as we know the nth term or general term of a series then it can be
expressed using the sigma notation.
Calculating the sum of finite number of terms of a series using GDC.
Step-1: Write series using sigma notation and
Step-2: then use GDC (MATH MODE)
Example 1: Find the sum 2  4  6    to 50 terms
First we calculate the nth term of this series and write this sum using the sigma
notation. This is an AP.
un  2n
50

 2i
i 1

Example: find the sum of the following series for the terms indicated using
GDC.
(a)1  5  9    20 terms
(b)13  23  33    12 terms
The sum of first n terms of an AP
Let AP be a, a  d , a  2d ,   , a  (n  1)d
Let sn be the sum of first n terms of this AP.
 sn  a  a  d  a  2d      a  (n  1)d
sn  a  (n  1)d  a  (n  2)d      a

Adding both the rows, we have

2sn  2a  (n  1)d  2a  (n  1)d      2a  (n  1)d
2sn  n  2a  (n  1)d 
n
 sn   2a  (n  1)d 
2

Which is a required formula to find the sum of first n terms of any AP.
Here n is number of terms, a is first term and d is common difference of the
AP.
Alternatively, we can use sigma notation to find the sum of first n terms of an
AP as follows provided we know its nth term.
n
sn  a  a  d     a  (n  1)d   a  (i  1)d
i 1

Example: Find the sum of first 20 terms of an AP 2,5,8,  

Using sigma notation:
un  2  (n  1)3  3n  1
20

 (3i  1)
i 1
Using formula:
n
sn   2a  (n  1)d 
2
n  20, a  2, d  3
20
s20   2  2  (20  1)(3)  610
2

Example: Find the sum of first 15 terms of the following AP using the sigma
notation and formula.
(a)2, 7,12,   
(b)6, 4, 2,   
(c)100,95,90,   
(d )1,3.5, 6,   
Comma here
Example; find the number of terms to be added for an AP 1, 7,13,    to get the
sum 1825.
Let n term be added to get the sum 1825 i.e.
sn  1825
n n
1825   2 1  (n  1)6  6n  4  n(3n  2)  3n2  2n
2 2
 3n  2n  1825
2

 3n 2  2n  1825  0

Hence 25 terms must be added to get the sum 1825. The value of n cannot be
negative or in fraction.
Example: Find how many terms of the AP 1,3,5,    to be added to get the sum
2500.
B6 8/12/2021
Example: Find the sum of AP 3  8  13      73.
Here a is 3 and d is 5, but number of terns are not known. Let the last term be
nth term then
un  73
a  (n  1)d  73
3  (n  1)5  73
70
n 1   14
5
 n  15

Hence this AP has 15 terms. Now sum can be calculated either using sigma
notation or using the sum formula.
Using GDC:
un  3  5(n  1)  5n  2
15

 (5i  2)
i 1

Using formula
n
sn   2a  (n  1)d 
2
n  15, a  3, d  5
15 15
s15   2  3  (15  1)  5   76  15  38  570
2 2

Arithmetic mean B-1 8/12/2021

If three terms a, b, c are in AP then the middle term is called arithmetic mean
ac
of a and c. b   2b  a  c
2

Example: 2, 5, 8 are in AP then 5 is the mean of 2 and 8.

Example: If p  5, 4 p  3,8 p  2 are three consecutive terms in AP then find the
value of p.
2(4 p  3)  p  5  8 p  2
8p  6  9p 3
 p3

Example: k+5, 2k+1, 4k-3 are three consecutive terms in AP, find the value of k.
Example: 4  3, x, y & 2 3  2 are consecutive terms in AP, find the value of x
and y.
Calculating the nth term of an AP or any sequence when sum of its first n term
sn is given in terms of n.

u1 , u2 , u3 ,   , un 1 , un
s1  u1  s1  s0
s2  s1  u2  u2  s2  s1
s3  s2  u3  u3  s3  s2


sn  sn 1  un  un  sn  sn 1

So, when sn is given for any sequence then its nth term un can be calculated by
the formula un  sn  sn 1

Example : Sum of first n terms of an AP is given by the formula sn  3n2  11n ,

find its nth term and the first five terms.
un  sn  sn 1  (3n 2  11n)  3(n  1) 2  11(n  1)   (3n 2  11n)  3n 2  6n  3  11n  11
 (3n 2  11n)  3n 2  17n  14
un  6n  14

-8, -2, 4, 10, 16

n(n  1)
Example: The sum of first n terms of an AP is given by , find its nth term.
2

Example: The sum of first n terms of a sequence is given by n 2 , find its nth
term.
n(3n  1)
Example: If sn  , find the nth term of the sequence.
2
Graph of an AP
We can graph a sequence and the graph of an AP is always a straight line as its
nth term is always a linear expression in n i.e. in the form an  b where a and b
are real constants. Hence, f (n)  an  b or all the linear functions define an AP
i.e. f ( x)  ax  b (recall the definition of sequence using functions)

Graph of an AP 1,3,5,7,----

Applications of AP problems
AP concepts can be applied in any real life scenario where a quantity is
changing by a fixed amount. For example, simple interest, auto fare etc.
Example: A car whose original price is $30,000 and it reduces $90 per month.
How long does it take to reduce the price of the car below $10,000?
Value after one month = 30,000-90
Value after 2 months = 30,000-2x90
Value after three months = 30,000-3x90
Value after n months = 30,000-90n
Let after n months’ value falls below 10,000.
 30,000  90n  10,000
90n  20,000
20,000
n  222.22
90
Hence after 223 months the value of the car falls below 10,000 dollars.
Example: A new business is selling the calculators. They expect to sell 20
calculators in the first month, 28 in the second month and 36 in the third
month and so on. Find after how many months they will sell their 500th
calculator.
Meaning by when the sum of all the calculators sold would be 500.
20, 28, 36, ----
Let after n months they sell their 500th calculator.
n
500   2  20  (n  1)8
2
n
500   40  (n  1)  8  n  20  (n  1)4  n(20  4n  4)  n(4n  16)
2
500  4n 2  16n
 4n 2  16n  500  0
 n 2  4n  125  0

Hence, after 10 months they will sell their 500th calculator.

Example
The weekly sales of cleaning machine from a retail store that has just opened
increases by 2 machines per week. In the first week of January 1995, 30
machines were sold.
(a) How many are sold in the last week of Dec 1995?
(b) How many machines retailer sold in 1995?
(c) When was the 600th machine sold?
In the first week of January 1995 = 30
In the second week of January 1995 = 32
In the third week of January 1995 = 34
30, 32, 34, --- an AP.
(a) un  30  (n  1)  2  30  2n  2  28  2n

So on 52th week, the sale will be u52  28  2  52  28  104  132

(b) Sum of 52 terms of AP 30, 32, 34, ---

52
S52   2  30  51 2  4212
2
©
Let 600th machine sold after n weeks
n
sn   2  30  (n  1)2
2
n
600   2  30  (n  1)2  n(n  29)  n 2  29n
2
n 2  29n  600  0

In 14th week.

Example: the sum of first eight terms of the sequence ln x,ln x 2 y,ln x3 y 2 ,   
is given by the formula 4(a ln x  b ln y ) . Find the value of a and b.

First term = ln x
Common difference = 2ln x  ln y  ln x  ln x  ln y  ln( xy)

Sum of 8 terms, we have

8
s8   2ln x  (8  1)ln( xy)  42ln x  7ln x  7ln y   49ln x  7ln y 
2
Hence, a is 9 and b is 7.
Approximate AP: When sequence is approximate AP then the nth term of that
approximate AP will be un  (average of first few terms)n.

Example: In an elevator the 13 people can accommodate and one day when lift
occupied the weights of 13 people were 53, 56, 67, 78, 45,67,48,49,83,70, 71,
75, 32. Find the nth term of this sequence.
un  61.07n
Assuming three terms in AP when their sum is given
Three terms in AP when their sum is given can be assumed as a  d , a, a  d . It
will reduce the calculations.
Example: Find three numbers in AP such that their sum is 18 and sum of their
square is 110.
Let number be a  d , a, a  d
 a  d  a  a  d  18  a  6
(a  d ) 2  a 2  (a  d ) 2  110
(6  d ) 2  (6  d ) 2  110  36  74
36  d 2  12d  36  d 2  12d  74
2d 2  74  72  2
 d  1

Hence, numbers are 5,6 and 7 or 7,6 and 5

 Worksheet-1 skill building
1. Identify which of the following sequences are an AP, find their first term, common
difference and the general term.
(a)3,10,17,24,   
(b)  20, 15, 10,   
(c)1,4,9,16,   
2. In the following AP, find the general term and the term indicated against it.
(a)4,7,10,13,     ( findu20 )
(b)  100, 80, 60,   ( find u15 )
3. Is 200 a term in the sequence 5,9,13,17,   ?
4. In the sequence 10,9.5,9,8.5,   , find the first negative term. Generate this
sequence in your GDC and visualize the term which is first negative term.
5. Let second term of an AP be 15 and the 5th term be 28, find the first term and the
common difference.
6. Find the sum of following AP for the term indicated.
(a)1,6,11,     to 30 terms
(b)20,17,14,   to 25 terms
(c)2  5  8  11      74.
7. The sum of first n terms of a sequence is given by sn  2n  3n , find the nth term
2

of the sequence and its common difference.

8. A new watch showroom sells 35 watches on the first day, 40 on the second day and
45 on the third day and so on, 5 additional watches in every succeeding day. Find
how long will it take showroom to sell its 1000 watch?
9. If k  2,2k  3, k  5 are three consecutive terms in AP then find the value of k.
Also, find the numbers.
10. If three numbers in AP are such that their sum is 15 and their product is 45, find the
numbers.
11. Graph the following AP using GDC. A sequence is a function with its domain the set
of natural numbers. Comment what type of functions represent an AP.
1,5,9,13,17,21,  
12. Find the least number of terms of the sequence 1,1.5,2,2.5,3,   to be added to
get the sum more than 75.
13. Find the following sums using GDC
25 15
(a) (3k  1) (b) (2k 2  3)
k 1 k 1

***
 Worksheet-2 (Moderate difficulty level)

1. If um  n & un  m for an AP then find

(a) the common difference.

(b) The term umn

2. The fourth term of an AP be 10 and sum of first 15 terms is 80. Find the sum of first 25
terms.

n
3. If sum of first n terms of an AP be (3n  1) , find the nth term and sum of first 20 terms.
2
4. A business card can be printed on the condition that $25 for design and typesetting and
then 0.05 per card for printing.
(a) What is the cost of 400 cards from this business?
(b) How may cards a customer can order if he has $100.
5. Three numbers are in AP and they represent three sides of a right triangle such that the
hypotenuse is of length 5 units. Find the other two sides.

n2  1
6. If S n  n ln 2  , find un and show that it is an AP.
e
n 1
7. Let a sequence be a, ar , ar , ar ,   , ar . Take log on each term of this sequence
2 3

and show that it reduces in an AP. Find the sum of first n terms of this AP.
8. Timber cladding is the application of timber planks over timber planks to provide the layer
intended to control the infiltration of weather elements.
20 rectangular planks are used and the lengths of the planks form an AP with the common
difference d cm. the shortest plank has the length of 65 cm and the longest has length 350
cm.
(a) Find the value of d
(b) Find the total length of all the planks.
9. In a stadium the seating capacity is 50,000. In the first row there are 300 sets and then in
the second row 320 seats and so on 20 extras seats in every subsequent row. Find the
number of minimum rows are needed to accommodate 50,000 people in the stadium.
10. The non-zero numbers a, b and c are the first, third and fifth terms of an AP.
(a) Write down an expression for b in terms of a and c.
(b) Find the common difference d in terms and a and b.
 5
© show that sum of first ten terms is given by (9c  a)
4
Worksheet-3 (High)
1.

The sum of first n terms of a positive arithmetic sequence un  is given by the formula
sn  4n2  2n . Three terms of this sequence u2 , um & u32 are consecutive terms in a
geometric sequence, find the value of m

2. An AP u1, u2 , u3 ,    is such that the differnece between the 14th term and the 5th term
is equal to the sum of the terms between the 5th term and the 14th term (both inculsive).
Given that the sum of the 3rd,5th and 14th term is 19. Find the common difference of the
sequence.
3. The sum of first 100 terms of an AP is 10,000. The first , second and the fifth terms of this
progression are three consecutive terms of a GP. Find the first term and the non-zero
common difference of the AP.
4. A particular set of Russian dolls consists of 7 dolls. The heights of the seven dolls are in AP
with common difference d. If the height of the tallest doll is four times the height of the
shortenst one, and the sum of the heights of all the dolls in the set is 70 cm, find d.
5. The 9th term of an AP is 50 and the sum of the first 15 terms is 570. It is given that the
sum of the first n terms is greater than 500. Find the least possible value of n.
6. A mountaineer climbs a mountain of heght x meters. The amount of distance he climbs
for the first hour is 300 meters. For each subsequent hour, he climbs 10 meters less that the
previous hour. The number of whole hours that has just passed before he reaches the
summit is n.
(a) Write down an expression for the total distance climbed by the mountaineer and hence
show that pn  qn  x , where p and q are the constants to be determined.
2

(b) deduce the value of n if x  2500 . Also, explain the double answer.
7. A finite AP has n terms and the common difference d. The first term is 1 and the sum of
the last 5 terms exceeds the sum of the first four terms by 193.

(i) Show that 5nd  21d  192  0

(ii) Given that 6th terms of the progression is 16, find n.

8. The first term of an increasing AP is 1. sn is the sum of first n terms of the AP.
s5 , s10 & s20 form a geometric progression. Show that common difference of the AP is 2.
2sn
Without using the GDC, find the least value of n such that 1
sn1  100
9. A circular cake of radius r is cut into 22 sectors. The areas of the sectors form an
increasing arithmetic progression. The area of the 8th sector is twice the area of the smallest
sector. Find, in terms of  , the angle of the largest sector. Area of sector is given by
1 2
formula r  where  is the angle of the sector.
2
10. It is given that x, y , z are the first three terms of a GP. When three terms are arranged
in the order of z , x, y they form three consecutive terms of an AP.
2
 z z
(a) Show that    20
 y y
(b) Hence determine if the sum of infinite terms of the GP exists.
***
 Worksheet-1 (skill building answers)
1. (a)
An AP with
a  3, d  7
un  a  (n  1)d  3  (n  1)  7  7n  4
(b)An AP with first term -20 and common differnece 5.

un  20  (n  1)  5  5n  25

© Not an AP, but the nth term is un  n (squares of natural numbers)

2

2.
(a)

a  4, d  3  un  a  (n  1)d  4  (n  1)  3  3n  1
 u20  3  20  1  61
(b)
An AP with

a  100, d  20  un  120  20n

 u15  180

3.

a  5, d  4  un  5  (n  1)  4  4n  1
199
Let un  200  4n  1  200  n 
4
Here n is a fraction. As n being the number of terms cannot be a frcation so, 200 is not a
term of this sequence.
4.

10,9.5,9,8.5,   
a  10, d  0.5
un  10.5  0.5n
Let nth term be first negative term.
 un  0
10.5  0.5n  0
n  21
 n  22
22nd term will be the first negative term in this sequence.
5.
Let the first term be a and the common difference be d then

u2  a  d  15 & u5  a  4d  28
Solving them simutaneously, we have

13 32
a ,d 
3 3
6.

(a )1,6,11,   
a  1, d  5, n  30
n
sn   2a  (n  1)d 
2
30
s30   2  1  (30  1)  5  2205
2
or
u n  5n  4
30
s30   (5i  4)  2205
i 1

(b)

a  20, d  3, n  25
un  23  3n
25
s25   (23  3i )  400
i 1

2  5  8      74.
a  2, d  3
Let the last term 74 be the nth term.
un  74
74  2  (n  1)  3  n  25
25
 s25   (3i  1)  950
i 1

7.

sn  2n2  3n
un  sn  sn1  (2n 2  3n)   2(n  1) 2  3(n  1)   4n  5
u1  1, u2  3, u3  7  d  4
8.

35,40,45,  
Let after n days the 1000th watch sold.

 sn  1000
a  35, d  5
n
1000   2  35  (n  1)  5  5n 2  65n  2000  0
2
 n  13n  400  0
2

n  14.5 & 27.5(reject )

Since n has to be whole number so, on 15th day 1000th watch would be sold.
9.

2(2k  3)  k  2  k  5
1
k
2
2.5,4,5.5
10.

Let three numbers be a  d , a, a  d .

a  d  a  a  d  15  a  5
(a  d )  a  (a  d )  45  (5  d )  5  (5  d )  45  d  4
 a  5, d  4
Numbers are 1,5,9 or 9,5,1
11.

un  4n  3  f (n)

All linear functions of the form f (n)  an  b represents an AP.

12.

Let sn  75
n
 2  1  (n  1)(0.5)  75
2
 0.5n 2  1.5n  150  0
 n  15.88 & 18.88
 n  16
13. Use GDC
(a)
25

 (3k  1)  1000
k 1

(b)
15

 (2k
k 1
2
 3)  2525

***
 Worksheet-2 (answers)
1. (a) Let the first term be a and the common difference d then

um  a  (m  1)d  n    (1)
un  a  (n  1)d  m    (2)
Solving these two equations simultaneously, we have

d  1
Putting the value of d  1 in (1), the value of a  n  m  1
(b)

umn  a  (m  n  1)d  n  m  1  (m  n  1)(1)  0

2. Let first term be a and the common difference d then

u4  a  3d  10    (1)
15
s15  80   2a  14d   80
2
 3a  21d  16    (2)
Solving (1) and (2), we have

7
a  13.5, d 
6

 7 
un  13.5  (n  1)  
 6 
25
  7  
 s25   13.5  (i  1)     12.5(GDC )
i 1   6 
3.

3n 2 n
Sn  
2 2
3(n  1) 2 (n  1)
Sn1  
2 2
 3n 2 n   3(n  1) 2 (n  1) 
un  sn  sn1        2n  1
 2 2   2 2 
20
 s20   (2k  1)  400
k 1
 4. (a) $25  0.05  400  $45
(b)
Let person can buy n cards in $100.
Cost of n cards will be $25  0.05n
$25  0.05n  100
 n  1500
5. Let three sides of the right triangle be a  d , a, a  d
ad 5
 (a  d ) 2  a 2  25
2a 2  2ad  d 2  25
Putting d  5  a , we have
2a 2  2a(5  a)  (5  a) 2  25
 a  0,4
a 0a 4
a  d  5  d 1
Hence, sides are 3,4 & 5

6.

n2  1
sn  n ln 2 
e
(n  1) 2  1
 sn1  (n  1)ln 2 
e
 n 1 
2
(n  1) 2  1
un  sn  sn1   n ln 2    (n  1)ln 2  
 e   e 
1  2n
un  ln 2 
e
A linear expression in n. Hence, this is an AP.
7.

ln a,ln a  ln r,ln a  2ln r,ln a  3ln r,   

First term = ln a

Common difference = ln r

n
sn   2ln a  (n  1)(ln r )
2
8. Let the lengths of 20 planks be

a, a  d , a  3d ,   , a  19d
a  65, a  19d  350
(a) d  15
20
(b) s20   2  65  (20  1)(15)   4150
2
9.
Let n rows are needed to accommodate 50,000 people in the stadium.

sn  50,000
a  300, d  20
n
 sn   2a  (n  1)d 
2
n
 50,000   2  300  (n  1)(20)
2
 n  29n  5000  0
2

n  57.68  58
10.
Let first term be a and common difference d then

u1  a, u3  a  2d  b, u5  a  4d  c
ca ca ac
( a ) b  a  2d  a  2  a 
 4  2 2
ba
(b)d 
2
10   b  a 
(c) s10   2a  9d   5  2a  9d   5  2a  9   
2   2 
  ac 
  2  a   c  a  8a  9c  9a  5
s10  5  2a  9     5  2a    5    4 (9c  a)
  2   4 4
  
 Worksheet-3 (high)
1.

sn  4n 2  2n
sn1  4(n  1) 2  2(n  1)
un  sn  sn1  4n 2  2n   4(n  1) 2  2(n  1) 
un  8n  6
 u2  10, um  8m  6, u35  8  35  6  250
Given,
(um ) 2  u2  u32  (8m  6) 2  10  250  m  7
Rejecting the other value of m as it is a sequence of positive terms.
2.

u14  u5  u5  u6      u14
a  13d  (a  4d )  a  4d  a  5d      a  13d
9d  10a  85d
10a  76d  0    (1)
u3  u5  u14  19
a  2d  a  4d  a  13d  19
3a  19d  19    (2)
Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously, we have

a  38, d  5
3.

s100  10,000
a, a  d , a  4d arein GP
( a  d ) 2  a ( a  4d )  d  2 a, d  0
Now
100
s100  10,000   2a  99d   10,000
2
50  d  99d   10,000
 d  2 & a 1
4.

a, a  d ,   , a  6d
a  6d  4a
a  2d
7
s7  70  s7   2a  (7  1)d   70  2a  6d  20
2
2  2d  6d  20  d  2
5.

u9  50  a  8d  50    (1)
15
s15  570   2a  14d   570  a  7d  38    (2)
2

Solving (1) and (2), we have

a  46, d  12
sn  500
n
 2a  (n  1)d   500
2
n
 2  (46)  (n  1)  12  500
2
3n 2  26n  250  0
n  15
6.

300,290,280,   
(a)
sn  x
n
sn   2a  (n  1)d   x
2
n
 2  300  (n  1)(10)  x
2
305n  5n 2  x
 q  5, p  305
(b)

305n  5n 2  2500
n 2  61n  500  0
n  10
Reject other answer. Distance covered is always positive.
7.

a  1, common diff  d
1,1  d ,   ,1  (n  1)d
s4  1  1  d  1  2d  1  3d  4  6d
s5  1  (n  1)d  1  (n  2)d  1  (n  3)d  1  ( n  4)d  1  ( n  5) d
s5  5  (5n  15)d
s5  s4  193
5  (5n  15)d  4  6d  193
5nd  21d  192  0
(b)
1  5d  16  d  3
15n  63  192  0
n  17
8.

a 1
s5  5(1  2d )
s10  5(2  9d )
s20  10(2  19d )
s5 , s10 , s20 are in GP   s10   s5  s20
2

5(2  9d )  5(1  2d )  10(2  19d )

2

d 2
 2 sn
1
sn1  100
2n 2
sn  n , sn1  (n  1) 
2 2
1  0
(n  1) 2  100
2n 2  (n  1) 2  100
0
(n  1) 2  100
n 2  2n  99
0
(n  9)(n  11)
n 2  2n  99  0, always as D  0
 (n  9)(n  11)  0
n  9  n  10
9.
Let angle of the sectors be

a, a  d , a  2d ,   , a  21d
1 2 1
r (a  7d )  2  r 2  a  a  7d
2 2
a  a  d  a  2d      a  21d  2
22a  231d  2
2
22  7 d  231d  2  d 
325
2 8
 a  21d  7d  21d  28d  28  
325 55
10.

y 2  zx,2 x  y  z
y2 2 y2
put x  in 2 x  y  z   yz
z z
2 2
yz z 2 z  z  z z
2 2  2       20
y y y  y  y  y
As x, y , z are in GP, Let

y z
 r
x y
 r2  r  2  0
r  2,1
For sum to infinity of a GP, r has to be between -1 and 1. Hence, sum to infinity does not
exist.
***