Homework 5

5.1. The operational definition of water hardness is the total concentration of cations in a
sample capable of forming insoluble complexes with soap. Although most divalent and
trivalent metal ions contribute to hardness, the most important are Ca2+ and Mg2+. Hardness
is determined by titrating water sample (Vsample) with EDTA at a buffered pH of 10.
Eriochrome Black T is used as a visual indicator.
a) The determination of Ca2+ by EDTA is a displacement titration. Describe what is done
in this displacement titration?
b) How is the hardness reported in parts per million CaCO3 (from the concentration and
volume of EDTA solution) (give equation for calculation)
c) If the sample does not contain any Mg2+ as a source of hardness, adding a small amount
of Mg2+–EDTA complex to the buffer. Why? And is the equation used to calculate the
harness changed? If changed, please give another one.

5.2. Titration of 20 mL solution 0.100M Fe2+ by 0.020M KMnO4 at pH= 0.

The chemical reaction
MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ = Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O
a) Write two Nernst equations for the cell voltage
b) Calculation of electrical potential (E) when adding 10.0; 20.0 và 22.0ml of KMnO4.

5.3. Calculation of equilibrium of Mg2+ in the presence of EDTA (H4Y) and MgY2- when
pH = 11 with 0.01M Mg2+ and 2.10-2M Y4
βMg(OH)+ = 102,58 và βMgY2-= 8,7.;H4Y có pK1 = 2; pK2 = 2.67, pK3 = 6.27 và pK4= 10.95

5.4. The mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in Soda Ash can be determined with two
indicators using 0.050 M HCl. Firstly, the sample will be titrated first with the
phenolphthalein indicator to show the pink color. This step needs V1 (mL) HCl. At the
second step, three drops of methyl orange indicator can be used to titrate until the indicator
color changes that requires V2 (mL) HCl.
Calculate the concentration of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in the Soda Ash. Titrating 10 mL
sample needs V1 = 9.6 mL and V2 = 17.3 mL.