Ex GUI-E&C-ND-2022-0107-GIN - Ex PL 332

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Guideline Code: GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0011

ex GUI-E&C-ND-2022-0107- GIN - ex PL 332
Version no.2 dated 12/10/2022
Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

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Perimeter: Global
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Business Line: Enel Grids
CONTENTS
1 DOCUMENT AIMS AND APPLICATION AREA ......................................................................................................... 2
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS TO BE IMPLEMENTED AT COUNTRY LEVEL ....................................................... 2
2 DOCUMENT VERSION MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................... 2
3 UNITS IN CHARGE OF THE DOCUMENT ................................................................................................................ 2
4 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS POSITION IN THE PROCESS TAXONOMY ........................................................... 4
6 DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS............................................................................................................................... 4
7 DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
7.1 GENERAL FEATURES ..................................................................................................................................... 5
7.1.1 Service Conditions .................................................................................................................................... 5
7.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION – UNDERGROUND CABLES ....................................................................... 5
7.2.1 Routes....................................................................................................................................................... 5
7.2.2 HV Cable and accessories ........................................................................................................................ 7
7.2.3 Connection to existing HV line ................................................................................................................ 13
7.2.4 Canalization ............................................................................................................................................ 14
7.2.5 Chambers and Joints .............................................................................................................................. 19
7.2.6 Grounding Systems ................................................................................................................................ 21
7.2.7 Transition zones ...................................................................................................................................... 25
7.3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION – OVERHEAD LINES ................................................................................. 29
7.3.1 Optimal route and preliminary survey ..................................................................................................... 29
7.3.2 Design ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
7.3.3 Tower Sets .............................................................................................................................................. 34
7.3.4 Connection to Existing HV Line ............................................................................................................... 35
7.3.5 Clearances, Crossing and Parallelism .................................................................................................... 37
7.3.6 Foundations and Towers......................................................................................................................... 38
7.3.7 Main Components ................................................................................................................................... 40
7.3.8 Grounding System .................................................................................................................................. 46
8 ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................................................ 46
8.1 Grounding Boxes – Endesa/Spain ................................................................................................................... 46
8.2 Screen Connections – Endesa/Spain .............................................................................................................. 47
8.3 Electrical Tables - ENDESA Spain .................................................................................................................. 51
8.4 Maximum difference admissible of buried cable vs cable in pipe..................................................................... 52
THE HEAD OF GLOBAL NETWORK DESIGN
Giovanni Battista FRANZONE
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1 DOCUMENT AIMS AND APPLICATION AREA
This document presents the general features and the main criteria for the implementation of HV line projects.
This document shall be implemented and applied to the extent possible within the Enel Grids Business Line
and in compliance with any applicable laws, regulations and governance rules, including any stock exchange
and unbundling-relevant provisions, which in any case prevail over the provisions contained in this document.
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS TO BE IMPLEMENTED AT COUNTRY LEVEL
Within the corresponding geographical perimeter, each Enel Grids Company shall issue, under the supervision
of Enel Grids Global Network Design, a detailed document in accordance with the provisions of this document.
2 DOCUMENT VERSION MANAGEMENT
Version Data Main changes description
Issuing of “Design and Construction - HV Lines” Guideline

1 22/06/2022
It replaces the Policy no. 332 of the same object
Update of Company Name in Enel Grids
2 12/10/2022
Alignment to the new format
3 UNITS IN CHARGE OF THE DOCUMENT
Responsible for drawing up the document:
• Enel Grids: Engineering and Construction/ Network Design unit
Responsible for authorizing the document:

• Enel Grids: Head of Network Design unit
• Enel Grids: Head of Quality unit
4 REFERENCES
• Code of Ethics of Enel Group;

• Enel Human Right Policy;
• The Enel Group Zero Tolerance of Corruption (ZTC) Plan;
• Organization and management model as per Legislative Decree No. 231/2001;
• Enel Global Compliance Program (EGCP);
• Integrated Policy for Quality, Health and Safety, Environment, anti-Bribery and Information security;
• ISO 9001:2015 - Quality Management System – Requirements;
• ISO 14001:2015 - Environmental Management System - Requirements with guidance for use;
• ISO 45001:2018 - Occupational Health and Safety Management System - Requirements with guidance
for use;
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• ISO 37001:2016 - Anti-bribery Management System - Requirements with guidance for use;
• ISO 27001:2017 - Information Security Management System – Requirements;
• IEC 62271-209 High-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 209: Cable connections for gas-
insulated metal-enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV;
• IEC 60909 Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems - Part 0: Calculation of currents;
• IEC 60853 Calculation of the cyclic and emergency current rating of cables;
• IEC 60287-1 Electric cables - Calculation of the current rating;
• IEC 60826 Design criteria of overhead transmission lines;
• IEC 60071 Insulation co-ordination;
• IEC 61914 Cable cleats for electrical installations;
• IEC 60840 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages above 30kV
(um=36kV) up to 150kV (um=170kV) test method and requirements;
• IEC 62067 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages above 150kV
(um=170kV) up to 500kV (um=550kV) test method and requirement;
• IEC 60871 Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 1000 V;
• EN 50182 Conductors for overhead lines - Round wire concentric lay stranded conductors;
• GSCH004 Global Standard - Technical specification of HV composite insulators;
• GSCH005 Metal-oxide polymer-housed surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems for substations from
12kV to 245 kV”;
• GSC003 Bare conductor for overhead lines;
• GSC005* 1 Ground wire and optical ground wire (OPGW);
• GSCH007 High Capacity Bare Conductors;
• GSCF002 “Dielectric optical cable for pipe installation”;
• GSCS001 LATTICE STEEL TOWERS FOR HIGH VOLTAGE LINES;
• GSCS002* Tubular poles for HV lines 2;
• DS 4235 “Protective plastic pipes”;
• EDE NNJ003 “Norma de cables ópticos subterráneos”;
• GSCH010 ” HV underground cable”;
• GSCH011 “HV cable accessories - Joint”;
• GSCH012 Outdoor termination for HV cable;
• GSCH014 Link boxes for high voltages cables systems;
• EDE LNE005 Spain - “Herrajes y accesorios para líneas eléctricas aéreas de alta tensión, de tensión
superior a 30 kV;
• EDE LNE006 Spain – “Cadenas de Herrajes para líneas aéreas de alta tensión;
*not issued yet
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• UNE 133100-2 Infraestructuras para redes de telecomunicaciones;

• E-LT-05 South America – “Herraje para líneas aéreas de alta tensión”;
• Organizational Procedure n. 551 - Process-related organizational documents governance;
• Organizational Procedure n. 1708 - Management of technical/operative documents and Glossary;
• Guideline GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0005 HV, MV and LV network development technical criteria - ex GUI-E&C-
ND-2022-0083-GIN - ex Policy 28.
5 ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS POSITION IN THE PROCESS TAXONOMY
Value Chain/Process Area: Engineering and Construction
Macro Process: Network Engineering
Process: Network Design
6 DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS
Acronym and Key words Description

Aluminum Conductor Composite
Aluminum Conductor Composite Core
Core (ACCC)
Aluminum Conductor Steel
Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
Reinforced (ACSR)
Alumoweld (AW) Aluminum Clad Steel
Standard that has been adopted by one of the three recognized
Europe Standard (EN)
European Standardization Organizations (ESOs): CEN, CENELEC or
ETSI
Electrical system with 230kV to 35kV nominal operative voltage
High Voltage (HV)
between the phases
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Thermoplastic polymer produced from the monomer ethylene
International Council on Large Association for promoting collaboration with experts by sharing
Electric Systems (CIGRE) knowledge and joining forces to improve electric power systems
Permanent state of the network, in the standard configuration, with all
N Scenario
the elements available
This is a temporary state of the network, in a modified configuration,
N-1 Scenario
due to one element unavailability
National Electrical Safety Code
National Electrical Safety Code
(NESC)
Any open way (highway, avenue, street, road, alley) or way intended
Public Thoroughfare
for general vehicular use.
Type of surge arrester to protect the outer jacket of the HV cable from
Sheath Voltage Limiters (SVL)
electrical stresses caused during transient events
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is the current through the solar cell when the voltage across the solar
Short circuit current (ICC)
cell is zero (i.e., when the solar cell is short circuited)
Site Pollution Severity (SPS) Classification for pollution level of an area
7 DESCRIPTION
7.1 GENERAL FEATURES
The main features of the design project covered by this document, considering the basic requirement to
develop the facilities required by the distribution companies.
7.1.1 Service Conditions

In the following table, the service conditions for the Enel companies are shown:
HV LINES - INFRASTRUCTURE & NETWORK
ITALY ROMANIA IBERIA BRAZIL COLOMBIA CHILE ARGENTINA PERU
Frequency [Hz] 50 60 50 60
HV Lines Voltage 132-110-66-50- 220- 220-66-

110 138-69 115 220-132
[kV] 45 110 60
Max. Altitude [m] < 1000 < 2650 < 1000 < 1000 < 1000
e
SPS Class d [Heavy] &
d [Heavy] c [Medium ] [Very
(IEC- 60815) e [Very Heavy]
Heavy]
Seismic zone Yes No Yes No Yes

Table 1: Operational and environmental conditions
Regarding the seismic requirements, local references or standards must be complied according to each
country or region.
7.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION – UNDERGROUND CABLES
In general terms, high voltage line projects have different topological and environmental features, so the local
detailed engineering will establish with precision the different aspects and considerations of the line to be
implemented. The composition and characteristics of the route and parameters should be determined
according to the considerations of the project, taking the aspects indicated in this document as a basic guide.
7.2.1 Routes
Before choosing the route of an underground line, get all possible information about other underground
services previously existing in the area, such as telephone or other communication networks, water, sewerage,
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gas, street lighting and MV or LV electrical networks. In addition, the affected bodies will be asked about
possible restrictions or rules related to crossing or running parallel with the high voltage line.
In the design phase, a reconstruction of the work will be carried out, ensuring the absence of obstacles to the
planned site and investigating the absence of obstacles in the subsoil by means of exploration pits. Likewise,
detection equipment will be used when the complexity of the layout requires it, or whenever it is considered
necessary. Sizing calculations should be performed in the foundations considering the results of the study, the
admissible bearing capacity of the soil, the characteristics of acidity, and other factors. Special attention should
be paid to sites where the water table is very shallow or where the land is very prone to flooding, desiccation,
and cracking.
Exploration pits will be opened in places where it is presumed that there may be affected services, to confirm
or rectify the planned route and establish the depth of those services previously mentioned. The dimensions
will be those necessary and defined by the distributor in a way that allows evaluation of the necessary
conditions.
A path will be chosen according to the following criteria:
• The conditions and particular rules of the Bodies affected by the layout will be respected.
• The use of canalization by sectors national public use goods, should be favored. Only in exceptional
cases, the installation in areas of private property will be admitted.
• When the line goes through urban areas, the route will preferably go under the road, close to the
sidewalk. If local regulations and/or municipal permits favor development on the sidewalk, this will be
the preferred option.
• In exceptional cases, where the rational solution, from the technical and / or economic point of view,
involves the installation of the line in a private area, in addition to the general conditions, the special
technical and legal conditions will be managed in each case to guarantee permanent access to
facilities for their operation and maintenance, as well as to meet the supply of future customers. In any
case, for sections in areas of private property, the constructional solution will be decided by mutual
agreement between the distributor, owner, and relevant organizations.
• The path will be as straight as possible, and the curves will have the greatest radius of curvature
possible to avoid possible damage of the cable. The curves to overcome obstacles (double curves or
S-curves) and continue in the same direction, must have at least the following length:
Figure 1: Curve Ratio
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Where:
R is the radius of the curve (greater than the minimum allowable of the pipes and cables used,
in meters.)
D is the horizontal or vertical displacement that needs to be achieved, in meters.
From this equation, we can obtain the distance (L) at which we must begin the curve in the path to
overcome an obstacle.
For changes of direction in ducts, a minimum bend radius of 50 times the duct diameter shall be
considered, unless another value is indicated. This value is recommended, in general, to lay the cable
inside the ducts. If the change of direction is very abrupt, or the radius of curvature required is very
wide, the company may consider the use of an intermediate chamber.
• When the cables are in ducts, a calculation must be made to verify that the ducts to be built are valid;
verifying that the cables planned can be laid in them. The procedure that comes next is to ensure that,
for the route considered, the values of the stresses that occur when laying cables are admissible for
them, ensuring that the ducts meet their intended purpose, and the cables will not deteriorate.
• Cable length: For electrical reasons, a route with a total length of less than 1200 meters will be
executed in one or two sections.
• The places where the splices are located will be considered, if necessary, to prevent them from being
placed in inconvenient places (road crossings or other places that are difficult to access).
• If the HV line is very long, it may be necessary to evaluate reactive shunt compensation according to
IEC 60871.
7.2.2 HV Cable and accessories
The conductor section must consider at least the following requirements or aspects:
• Required transmission power in MVA.

• Thermal capacity in continuous operation
• Short circuit thermal capacity.
In addition, Guideline GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0005 HV, MV and LV network development technical criteria - ex

GUI-E&C-ND-2022-0083-GIN - ex Policy 28 establishes that the maximum utilization levels for the
underground line conductors are 100% in scenario N and N-1.
The cables used in the HV underground lines must have XLPE insulation and will be of the single-core type.
The material used for the conductor will be Aluminum (Al), while the screen will use Copper (Cu) or Aluminum
(Al) according to electrical requests.
The insulation level of the high voltage cables and accessories must be according to the standard values
indicated in IEC 60071-1, except in special cases strictly justified by the company.
The cable cross-sections to be used are as follows:
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Cross-section [mm2]
630 – 800 – 1000 – 1200 – 1600 - 2000
Table 2: Cable. Cross-sections.
The technical specification GSCH010 indicated in the section 4 can be taken as a reference for the HV cable
characteristics. To monitor the cable temperature an additional fiber optic cable embedded into the cable wires
screen shall be required (DTS System).
Eventually, other material and/or cross-sections of the cable, could be considering in cases of local regulatory
requirements mandatory.
Figure 2: HV Underground Cable - Components.
In the Annex 11.1, some principal values as reference are indicated.
For the cable choice, the capacity must be analyzed in at least the following operating modes:
a. Short circuit: The maximum permissible current in the short-circuit mode, must be calculated from the
IEC 60909 and IEC 60949 standards.
In the case of the cable screens, the values in Table 4 can be taken as a reference, verifying that the
maximum admissible short-circuit currents are below the maximum permissible short-circuit current values
and according to the forecast installation. Otherwise, when a short-circuit current greater than that allowed
by indicated screens is required, the section can be increased appropriately to reach the needed value:
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Section [mm2]
50 – 95 – 120 – 160 – 200 - 240
Table 3: Screen Sections
b. Continuous Operation: The continuous current ratings are calculated according to IEC 60287-1. The
continuous current ratings for the HV cables should be calculated by each company, considering the
type of installation, temperature, soil, among other factors.
c. Cyclic operation: The calculations should be made according to IEC 60853, and it is necessary that
each company determines its operation and load factor. Special consideration is given to the systems
in cyclic mode, because in high voltage cables the internal thermal capacity cannot be neglected,
which implies an analysis of the transient response of the temperature inside the conductive material.
As a reference, the rated currents under the cyclic regime in the case of a company, can be indicated
in Annex 11.4.
7.2.2.1 Terminations
The terminations are installed at the ends of the cables to ensure the electrical connection with other parts of
the network, maintaining the insulation up to the point of connection.
The terminations must not limit the current capacity of the cables, both in normal and overload service, within
the admitted operating conditions shown below:
Cable maximum temperature in (°C)

Insulating Component Continuous Security Short circuit
Operation Overload (1 min) (max duration 5s)
XLPE 90 100 250
Table 4: Maximum permissible temperatures in the cable in °C
In the same way, the terminations must admit at least the same short-circuit currents as those defined for the
cable on which they are to be installed.
To ensure correct compatibility between the cable and the terminations, the nominal diameters and
manufacturing tolerances, both conductor and of the insulation, must be adapted to the values specified for
the cables selected in the design. The element consists of mechanical and electrical parts in a similar way to
the joints.
Depending on the topology of the underground line, it is possible to use the following types of terminations:
1) Outdoor terminations
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These are designed to be installed on the outside of substations and supports when the underground cables
must be connected to outdoor installations.
• Pre-molded with composite material insulator
Figure 3: Pre-molded Terminal
The choice depends, among other factors, on the required creeping distance according to the pollution level
(SPS Class) indicated in Table 1 - Service Condition
2) GIS or SF6 Terminations
These types of terminations are required for connections in the GIS (Gas-insulated Switchgear), and must be
designed so that the interface between the terminal and the GIS is in accordance with the IEC 62271-209
Standard.
The terminations are encapsulated in resin, with a preformed baffle cone. The connection of the screen to the
metal base of the insulator is normally done with welding.
The connection of the conductor will be designed to withstand the thermal and electromechanical stresses
during normal operation and in short circuit conditions. The sealing systems must ensure that there is no
pollution by penetration of the SF6 gas inside the terminal.
The GIS terminations will be of "dry" design and connector plug-in, not needing to be filled with silicone oil and
not requiring any monitoring of oil levels during their service.
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7.2.2.2 Joints
In those cases, in which the length of the underground line requires joining different sections of underground
conductors, these will be connected through splices made of a pre-molded body that is installed on the two
ends of the cable to ensure insulation continuity.
The joints must not limit the carrying capacity of the cables, both in normal service and in overload mode. For
this, they will be chosen according to the nature, composition and section of the cables, being made with
elements that should not increase their electrical resistance.
In the same way, the joints must admit at least the same short-circuit currents as those defined for the cable
on which they are to be installed.
To ensure correct compatibility between the cable and the joints, the nominal diameters and manufacturing
tolerances, conductor and insulation, should be adapted to the values specified in the characteristics of the
selected power cable. The joints basically consist of two parts, according to the function they perform:
• Mechanical part; composed of the connection elements between the conductor and the screen cable.
• Electrical part: composed of elements and materials that attenuate the electrical gradient in the central
part of the splice and in the transition zones between the joint and the cable.
The joints can be direct, for rigid connections to ground, or prepared for crossing screens in special
connections. Based on this, the following types of joints will be used depending on the voltage levels:
Voltage
Types
≤ 72,5 kV > 72,5 kV
Pre-molded one piece X X
Pre-molded three pieces X
Table 5: Joints for level voltage
The specification technical GSCH011 indicates some characteristics and values of these types of joints, as
reference (see section 4).
Pre-molded one-piece
The main part of this type of joint consists of internal high voltage electrodes, an insulating layer and a semi-
conductive coating.
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Figure 4: Pre-molded Joint
Pre-molded three-piece
The main insulation of the prefabricated joints is made of two pre-molded deflector cones, called adapters, and
an epoxy resin or similar as the main body of the joint.
Figure 5: Three-piece prefabricated joint
7.2.2.3 Optical Fiber
The communications to be implemented in lines with underground cable will always be based on optical fiber
laid together with the cables. The lines with underground cable cannot support communications by means of
carrier waves because of the high capacity of this type of cable.
The main mechanical and electrical characteristics of the cable are shown in Table 6. The standard GSCF002
or otherwise EDE NNJ003 can be taken as reference. (See section 4)
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Number of fibers 48
Exterior diameter of the cable (mm) ≤ 18

Ultimate tensile strength (daN) ≥ 1000
Mass (kg/km) ≤ 300
Curve Ratio (mm) ≤ 300
Ducts Dispositions 4 ducts of 12 fibers
Relative Humidity Min: 65% to 55°C
Temperature margin -20°C to +70°C
Table 6: Main features of the fiber optic cable for underground lines.
In case the line with underground cable corresponds to a partial burial of the overhead line, and this line has
optical fiber, it must be connected to the optical fiber of the underground installation of that line. The welds
between the different sections of fiber (overhead and underground) must be in recognizable devices. An
excess of about 10 meters of optical cable will be considered. The cable will be rolled up in a horizontal position
and attached to the first base, with its ends sealed.
If the overhead line does not have an optical fiber, and the transition to underground involves the loss of
communications using a carrier wave, the two ends of each line will be connected (overhead + underground),
replacing the communication by a carrier wave if necessary, using optic fiber.
7.2.3 Connection to existing HV line

The schemes are indicated in Guideline GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0005 HV, MV and LV network development
technical criteria - ex GUI-E&C-ND-2022-0083-GIN - ex PL 28 3.
Figure 6 – Schemes HV lines in GUI-E&C-ND-2022-0083-GIN - ex PL 28.
3
In the Guideline GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0005 HV, MV and LV network development technical criteria - ex GUI-E&C-ND-
2022-0083-GIN - ex Policy 28 are indicated where the scheme can be adopted
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7.2.4 Canalization
The following conductor installation systems will be allowed:
1. Cables encased in concrete duct banks
2. Jack and bore is a method of horizontal boring for sewer construction. These installation systems
must be used in those areas where the opening of trenches is not possible or involves serious
inconvenience and difficulties.
3. Conductors in galleries: it is not the reference solution and its use will only be allowed if there is a
requirement for HV cables in coexistence with cables of another voltage level, telecommunications
cables or with installations of gas or flammable liquids. In any case, the design, execution and
operation of a gallery for HV cables will be carried out under strict conditions of safety and reliability,
together with the strategic importance of these installations.
Although, directly buried cable installation can be used when the distance is very short, the cable must have
some mechanical protection and it must be duly justified.
Cables in pipelines (ducts) is considered preferable due to:
a) Admissible Current
The capacity of the piped cable decreases approximately 15% compared to that for directly buried cable. This
only occurs in the case of screens that are connected rigidly to ground. However, when making special
connections (single point and/or cross-bonding) this decrease in capacity in the piped cable does not occur,
and in some cases, it may even improve slightly, as can be seen in an example calculation in Annex 11.5. With
this type of connection, the thermal losses in the screen are significantly reduced, since the current in the
screen is compensated.
b) Thermal Factors
The underground cable capacity depends on the capacity of heat dissipation in the environment, which
depends on many factors, including the degree of environmental humidity.
While the thermal resistance of the concrete is always constant, with an accepted value of 0.8 [K•m/ W], the
value for the sand could reach a value of 2.5 [K•m /W] in dry situations, reducing the cable capacity. This fact
may pose risks to the installation. Increasing the resistivity of the soil in each area will cause overheating if the
current to be transported is not reduced, reaching values above those allowed by the cable materials and
decreasing its useful life.
In addition, in the event of a double circuit, having an environment such as concrete between circuits, allows
a reduction of the separation distance for each, in comparison to the same directly buried installation, allowing
a smaller trench.
c) Implications in the work execution
Having facilities with different typologies also has implications for their execution, where we can highlight the
following:
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Possibility of making investments in different periods
The construction of an underground pipeline allows investments to be made in stages over time, adjusting
them to the real needs of the new installation, since the civil works for the construction of the pipeline can be
executed without necessarily having to make the investment for the acquisition and installation of the
underground cable at the same time.
Opportunity Cost
It is possible to take advantage of the construction of public works to build part of the canalization, when
planning the need for a new line whose layout coincides with the works of other organisms allows it to be
foreseen. The implementation of channeling integrated into a larger work considerably reduces the cost of
execution without the obligation of making the total investment.
Impact of the Public Thoroughfare
The biggest number of faults in underground cables take place in the joints and terminations, so it is beneficial
to reduce the number of splices installed in an underground line to the minimum, which also produces a cost
reduction. At present, the underground sections that can be installed without the need for intermediate
connections are around 1100 meters in lines up to 72.5 kV and 700 meters in lines with a voltage greater than
72.5 kV.
The implementation of a pipeline allows shot sections to be opened and closed, minimizing the negative effects
on the users of the affected public roads.
d) Safety in the installation
The concrete acts as a very good protection against external agents that act close to our facilities, since, in
addition to indicating the existence of an installation, it offers them a greater mechanical resistance than the
existing ground.
e) Future implications of extending the circuits
The following implications must be highlighted:
Expansion of the number of circuits in the installation
It is possible to build a pipeline/duct for two circuits from the beginning, although initially only one is used, with
a low cost differential. The backup pipes will allow the installation of a second circuit without the need to make
a new trench or having to remove the service from the first circuit during execution of the work
Change of conductor section and/or change of line voltage
It also makes it possible to change the section of the conductor installed in an underground line with pipeline
under pipe, which would make it possible to meet increases in demand without having to carry out the
corresponding civil works again. This would apply both to an increase in capacity due to the change of section
of the installed cables, and to the change of the cables due to an increase in voltage.
Regarding requirements for laying and pulling cables, they must minimize the mechanical stresses on the
cable, and the following should be considered:
• The laying of the cable in the pipeline must be preceded by inspection and cleaning of the duct.
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• The cable entry to the piping must be fitted with a suitable guide to avoid damage to the cable sheath.
• To limit the mechanical stresses, lubrication of the outer sheath of the cable with non-reactive material
is required.
• Input/output of the ducts must prevent the penetration of water, foreign bodies and rodents.
• The cable must be pulled gradually and continuously.
• The cable head must be prepared with suitable coupling devices provided with an anti-twisting joint
7.2.4.1 Trenches
The following aspects should be considered:
• The depth will be according to the local regulations. If there are none, it is recommended that the
depth, up to the top of the pipe closest to the surface, will not be less than 0.6 meters on the sidewalk
or earth, or 0.8 meters on the road.
• Two circuits will be installed in the same trench.
• The underground lines in trenches will be installed preferably in a pipe, so that the cables go inside
polyethylene pipes (HDPE), according to the DS 4235 specification. It will always be embedded in
concrete that serves as protection and allows an environment with thermal dissipation properties that
are defined and stable.
• The phases will be arranged in a triangle. Except when the cable is buried directly in the ground, in
which case a flat configuration can be used
• The polyethylene pipe that is available for the power cables will have an internal diameter of at least
1.5 times the diameter of the cable. Pipes with external diameters less than 160 mm will not be used.
• A 63 mm diameter HDPE pipe will be used for the installation of optical fiber communication cables.
• The depth of the trench to be made, except for crossings with other pipelines, is set at 1.25 meters,
unless the local regulations establish another value.
• The width of the trench will be enough for the polyethylene pipes and will have a concrete side
covering of 10 cm in thickness. For double circuits, 60 cm between the geometric centers will be
maintained.
• When laying in rural areas, the distributor will decide if it is necessary to carry out exterior signaling of
the underground cable.
Depending on the previous points, the resulting sections of the cable trenches per 200 mm tube are shown
below:
• Trench for simple circuit (S/C):
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Figure 7a: Underground in 200 mm pipes Figure 7b: Under sidewalk in 200 mm pipes
• Trench for double circuit (D/C):
Figure 8a: Underground in 200 mm pipes Figure 8b: Under sidewalk in 200 mm pipes
The replacement of the pavement is done according to the provisions of the local government and the other
affected organisms.
The constructional characteristics must be indicated in the local operational instructions, such as: the
disposition of the material extracted from the excavations and the handling of slopes to guarantee the safety
of the works.
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7.2.4.2 Underground Boring
They will be used only when it is impossible to open a trench. “Jack and bore” is the method of horizontal
boring for sewer construction. Construction crews drill a hole underground horizontally between two points
without disturbing the surface between the sending and receiving pits.
These techniques may be used if the location of the existing underground facilities is known and sufficient
space is available to locate the end holes, if necessary, as well as the machinery and precise auxiliary means
or devices.
Its most important benefit is that it does not alter the physical environment, avoiding the need for breaking
pavements, earthworks, construction of the excavation itself, etc., so that the inconveniences are minimal.
These techniques are particularly suitable for crossings of public roads, roads, railways, etc., where it is not
possible to open trenches, as well as in specially protected places. They may also be necessary for the
crossing of some well-used roads for which permission has only been given to cross using these systems.
These works will be carried out with the help of a remotely controlled system or with a pipe-pulling machine.
A metal pipe or a high-density polyethylene pipe will be placed. The polyethylene pipes through which the
cables will be introduced will be placed inside this pipe. Once the pipes are installed, the access will be
concreted, in order to prevent the ingress of moisture.
Each single bore will have to correspond to just one circuit. In the case of a power line with two circuits, two
underground bores will be made, one circuit for each bore. This will be done as it makes it easy to install the
polyethylene pipes inside, and because the cables of both circuits can be separated and does not involve
underground drilling of a hot spot for the power line,
The following figure shows the case of underground perforation.
Figure 9: (left) Underground bore with 200 mm pipes - (right) optional scheme
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The minimum distance between the upper level of the underground installation and the surface must be
defined in each case, taking at least 1 meter.
7.2.5 Chambers and Joints
7.2.5.1 Junction chambers
To make the connections between the different stretches of laying, chambers are provided where the splices
between cables will be installed. The criteria for the structural design of the chambers should be considered
by each distributor and must include the force of earth pressure, hydrostatic and seismic characteristics
indicated in the operating conditions of chapter 6.1, as well as the check of the capacity of the floors where the
cameras will be supported.
The length and width of the chamber will be the smallest possible, if they allow the necessary connections.
Therefore, these dimensions will depend on the line voltage, the number of circuits of the line, and the kind of
splice. In the case of two circuits, the splice chamber may be twice as wide or long depending on the
characteristics of the installation. There must always be a separation wall between circuits, which will be
defined for each company.
Table 7 shows the reference dimensions for this type of chamber, which should be evaluated and confirmed
by each distributor in the execution of their project:
Length of the
Maximum length Maximum width “A”
System Voltage separation zones “S”
“L” (m) (m)
(m) approx.
Un ≤ 72.5 kV 4 1.2 2.7
Un ≤ 145 kV 6 1.9 3.9
Un > 145 kV 7 2.2 4.6
Table 7: Reference dimensions for 1 circuit. See figure 12
When it is necessary to connect the metallic screens to a screen transposition box, for a cross-bonded
connection, or to a grounding box through a discharger, the coaxial interconnection cables will be output
through a hole in the termination’s walls of the splice chamber, to take them to the corresponding box. This
box should be located as close as possible to the splice chamber.
The chamber will be filled with river or mine sand, with a particle size between 0.2 and 1 mm, and a resistivity
of approximately 1 K m / W, with a layer of 10 cm of concrete placed on it as protection. Finally, the pavement
will be replaced.
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Figure 10: Reference scheme for junction chambers.
To identify the layout of the HV cable, it is necessary to incorporate a visible physical record on the surface,
and to have a safety system that prevents the intervention of third parties.
7.2.5.2 Precast concrete chambers
1) Precast chambers and optical fiber connection boxes
The precast chambers must be designed according to the local telecommunication regulations, or they may
be class B prefabricated according to the UNE 133100-2: 2002 standard (reference).
If the design of the system requires it, the connection boxes for screens and optical fibers will be defined, which
will be adjacent to the inaccessible splice chamber of the power circuit and will also work as signaling of the
splices. An optical fiber box will be in at least each inaccessible splice chamber.
2) Support precast chamber laying
Precast chambers will be placed at significant changes of direction to facilitate laying of the cable.
The walls of these precast chambers must be shielded so that they do not produce landslides that could
damage the cable laying work, and they will have about 10 cm thick concrete slab.
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Once the cables have been laid, continuity will be given to the ducts in the precast chambers, and they will be
covered with concrete so that it is at the same level as the rest of the trench.
Finally, it will be filled with compacted soil and the pavement will be replaced
Figure 11: Precast Chamber scheme.
7.2.6 Grounding Systems
The connection to earth of the following elements must be considered:
1. Air-underground transition supports
It will be performed the grounding of the support itself and elements installed in it. That grounding system will
be dimensioned according to mechanical and thermal resistance requirements, corrosion, safety of people and
protection against lightning, as indicated in Section 8.
2. Overvoltage safety device (SVL) and Surge arresters
The cables must be protected against dangerous internal and external overvoltage. Overvoltage safety devices
or surge arresters will be installed, in all air-underground transition zones. For each one of the overvoltage
safety devices installed, an independent insulated grounding cable will be installed, with a lightning strike
counter installed on it. The conductor to be installed shall comply with the single-pole cable standard.
The connection cannot be made through the structure of the support itself, and it will have its own connection.
The grounding of the surge arresters for each phase can be combined in a single line to ground, which will be
joined with the output cable of the connection screens box, connecting from there to the support grounding
system.
3. Conductors metal screens.
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The main function of the grounding system of the conductor screens is the reduction of induced voltages that
appear between the cables screen and earth, in continuous operation and short circuit conditions.
Basically 2 kinds of screen connections can be presented:
a) Rigid connection to ground (solidly bonded).
b) Special connections to ground:
b.1) Screens connected to ground at a single point (single point).

b.2) Crossing of screens (cross bonded).
b.3) Combinations of special connections.
Special connections must be considered at line distances > 700 meters. Details of the connection can be found
in Annex 11.3
The choice of special ground connection system for the screens will be made and justified in each case,
considering the characteristics of the installation and the effects that the induced voltages can cause in the
installation. The main functions of the grounding system will be:
• To eliminate or reduce circulation currents through the screens, due to the inductive coupling with the
current through the cables, which is a way to avoid active power losses.
• To reduce induced voltages between the screen cables and ground, both in continuous operation and
transients (during short circuits). Overvoltages induced during short circuits can cause damage to the
cables, mainly in the splices, terminations and joint boxes that are used for the transposition of
screens, as well as perforation of the insulating coating.
The maximum acceptable induced voltage in the screen is 90 V.
7.2.6.1 Grounding Cable
Grounding the elements of the installation that are detailed in Section 7.2.
a. Single-Pole Cables
These will be formed by a conductor with XLPE insulation, coated with polyolefin or HDPE and preferably black
if the local regulations allow it.
b. Concentric Cables
These cables are used to connect the screens of sectioned joints to the grounding boxes. The screens on both
sides of the splice will connected to the inside and outside of the concentric cable.
c. Ground continuity conductor
When the grounding system is “single point”, it will be necessary to have a ground continuity conductor to
provide a path of low impedance for the zero-sequence currents that can be produced when short-circuit
currents circulate through the line. This cable will be insulated with XLPE.
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7.2.6.2 Grounding Box
Grounding boxes will be installed for the screen conductor connections, see the technical specification
GSCH014.
It will be three-phase and will have an enclosure with provision for the connections of the screens, grounding
cables and SVL, if necessary.
They will be accessible to allow commissioning and periodic maintenance tests. To facilitate these operations,
they will not contain any kind of fillers.
The enclosures will be made of galvanized steel or stainless steel and will be able to contain the effects of
thermal or electrical failure of any of the elements located in them, without causing damage to external
elements. In addition, they must always be connected to earth through an independent connection.
Annex 11.2 shows the constructional solution used by Endesa-Spain, which can be adopted by the other
companies.
Terminations
In these boxes, three screens are received to be grounded directly or through SVL, according to the following
diagrams:
Figure 12: Direct earthing terminal box Figure 13: Terminal box through SVL
In these boxes, six (6) screens are received to be connected according to one of the following set-ups:
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Figure 6: All direct earthing terminal box Figure 7: All terminal box through SVL
Figure 16: Mixed terminal box (3 direct screen and Figure 8: Terminal box with screen crossing
3 SVL screen).
Sheath Voltage Limiters (SVL)
SVLs are devices with strongly non-linear voltage-current characteristics, designed to limit the transient
potential differences that, in the event of impulse, atmospheric or maneuver surges, can appear between
elements of the screen circuit with limited dielectric rigidity.
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Figure 18: SVL
The overvoltage to be limited appear between the screens and the local ground and produce dielectric stresses
between the cable coating and the terminal support insulators. Moreover, over-voltages between the two
screen ends coincide in the same joint with screen discontinuity, which must be supported by a very small
thickness of insulating material
The SVL must be dimensioned in each installation to obtain an adequate level of protection, although they will
usually be used with the following characteristics:
• Rated Voltage: 6 kV.

• Residual Voltage: ≤ 20 kV.
• Rated discharge current with wave 8/20 μs: ≥ 10 kA
7.2.7 Transition zones
A transition zone is understood to be an air-underground connection, whose set consists of a support, mooring,
surge arresters, terminations, grounding, enclosure and corresponding civil works that allow continuity of the
electric power line.
The functional support will always be of the end of the line type, so it must withstand the mechanical stresses
of all overhead conductors and ground cables.
In urban areas, tubular towers/supports will be used predominantly as overhead/underground transition

structures.
7.2.7.1 Design and disposition of underground cables
The cables will be inside canalization in the central part. The curvature of the cables in the section between
the cross arm and the body of the support shall respect the minimum ratio of curvature defined in section 7
and will be calculated by each distributor during the execution of the project.
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In the support body, accessory structures will be used to support the clamps or cable tie clamps according to
the reference standard IEC 61914. These will be made of a non-magnetic material, such as nylon, Teflon or
similar, and will be placed with a maximum distance of 1.5 meters between them.
7.2.7.2 Terminations and Surge Arresters
If the project requires it, and to protect the cables against surges caused by atmospheric discharges, an SVL
or surge arrester shall be installed on each end of single-pole cables. These elements will be arranged between
the overhead and the terminal sections.
Surge arrester grounding cannot be made through the structure of the support itself, but it will have its own
ground line. In this way, the impedance is minimized in the event of a discharge. The cable will comply with
the single-pole cable standard defined in section 7.6.
The characteristics required for surge arresters will be according to the global specification GSCH005 "Metal-
oxide polymer-housed arises arresters without gaps for a.c. systems for substances from 12 kV to 245 kV ". If
a type that is not considered in said specification is required, a corresponding local specification may be used.
In relation to the terminations, they will be installed as specified for outdoor terminations in Section 7.2.1.
Figure 99: Surge arrester and terminal detail
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7.2.7.3 Ground Cables/ Optical Fiber
It will be necessary to ensure continuity of the fiber between OPGW and the underground optical cable by
joining both cables in the corresponding box. An excess of optical cable of about 10m will be left. The cable
will be rolled up, in a horizontal position and with the ends sealed.
7.2.7.4 Grounding
Transition support grounding will always be done through a closed ring, with the characteristics defined in
Section 7.6 of this document. As already indicated, the earth connection of the surge arrester cannot be made
through the structure of the support itself but will have its own ground line.
Surge arrester grounding for each phase can be combined in a single ground line that will be joined with the
output cable of the connection box of the screens, connecting from there to the grounding system of the
support.
The connection of the screens will also be made through a separate cable to the connection box. This cable,
will also have a section equal or greater than that of the screens to which they are connected, as defined in
Section 7.6 (Grounding boxes).
Regarding the enclosure and its access door must have a grounding where the compliance of step and contact
voltages must be verified.
7.2.7.5 Enclosure
The constructional solution will be made by each distributor, recommending the following:
• Minimum height of 2.5 meters
• Brick Enclosure, mesh with concertina on top, or similar without aperture
• Horizontal distance to support of 1.25 meters.
• It will be built on a continuous foundation, independent of the base of the tower, and with pillars in the
corners.
In addition, the measurement of the step voltage must be made to verify its compliance.
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Figure 10: Reference brick enclosure scheme
For those cases in which, due to the demands of the administration, a metal enclosure must be installed, an
enclosure consisting of a low wall and an electrically welded metal fence may be chosen.
Figure 21: External closure for transition tower
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7.3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION – OVERHEAD LINES
7.3.1 Optimal route and preliminary survey

Once the start and the end points of an HV line have been defined, the route choice is a process where the
optimal route is selected, to minimize impact on the environment, as well as the costs and investments.
After a previous study to identify the special protection areas, infrastructures to cross and special geographical
constraints, the possible path alternatives shall be defined.
To the correct route choice, will be based on the following principles:

• Feasibility: The factors and situations that could prevent construction must be considered.
Restricted areas such as archaeological sites, difficult geological conditions, forbidden overflights,
unpurchaseable land, airports, etc. All information will be gathered to check the feasibility
• Normal Service: To minimize locations with environmental conditions leading to higher probability of
failure (e.g., high pollution, lightning occurrence, vandalism presence)
• Environmental impact: To avoid going through protected zones and wooded and flood areas. Long
access roads to the towers and with steep slopes will be avoided as much as possible.
• Social impact: To avoid constructing lines in areas that involve conflict with nearby communities (e.g.,
hospital, schools).
• To minimize affecting private land to reduce the costs of compensation.
• Easy maintenance: Areas with difficult access will be avoided.
• Special zones. Local regulations about electromagnetic field values for special zones.
Considering the previous criteria, it is recommended to adapt the following rules to the local project.
• Place the routes away from the residential areas, considering future residential or commercial projects.
Analyze development plans and real state proposals in progress.
• Avoid possible urbanization areas or building land, quarries, or mining concessions.
• Avoid cultural, historical-artistic or archaeological places.
• Avoid, as much as possible, passing through national parks, with protected flora and fauna, and areas
with high ecological value.
• Avoid passing through large portions of water and forests with native species.
• Choose the most direct route (straight line), minimizing the direction changes and the number of
supports in vertexes (angles).
• Avoid areas with frequent contamination, like as ash, acid, or gas.
For easement, the build must comply with the local regulations (e.g., legal restrictions, safety clearances)
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.
Study of the trace on site
Once the study of the possible routes is finished, a new feasibility study will be made – with a topography team
– considering the following items:
• Special attention to location of the vertexes and supports, avoiding technical difficulties for the erection
of the towers/supports.
• Location of the grounding meshes, especially when the route is placed on rocky ground.
• To minimize the activities and works needed to the access the towers/poles.
• Crossings of existing electrical lines.
In addition, information should be gathered about the private properties along the route, legal aspects, and
cost estimates for easement (right-of-way).
An optimal layout should be the result of an assessment of the technical, environmental, social, and cost
aspects.
Environmental and social impact study
The HV line project shall place an emphasis on the environmental and social impact with all the information
gathered in relation to tracing and routing of the line. The report on environmental study must be according to
the local regulation.
The report should compare the situation prior, during and after execution of the project. Especially regarding
the flora and fauna, soil, landscapes and visual impact, facilities and cultural aspects, as well as the impact on
humans, roads and traffic. In addition, the study should consider studies related to the electric and magnetic
field.
All necessary information must be obtained to justify the social/environmental impact study, considering that
failure to consider some aspect could mean a delay in project approval or even rejection of the project.
In addition, some accessories and/or elements could be considered for protection of the flora, birds and fauna
against collision with the power lines and electrocution, especially when it is indicated in the local regulations.
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7.3.2 Design
In general, there many environmental and topological indications to be taken into consideration in the line
design; for this reason, the local engineering team will establish extremely accurate aspects and
considerations.
The general scheme for the design of a transmission line is indicated in the IEC 60826 standard and
summarized in figure 24.
Figure 22: Design of transmission lines. IEC 60826.
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7.3.2.1 Insulation Co-ordination

The standard IEC 60071 will be the reference for the study of the clearances, to define the parameters of the
structures (towers). In addition, the study requires the climatic parameters, the pollution levels and the type of
soil in which the route is located. Generally, these values are established by local regulations.
The HV insulators are indicated in section 9.7.3 and the clearances requirements in relation to human risk are
considered in section 9.5.
7.3.2.2 Mechanical Stress

The mechanical design of the HV power line (e.g., conductors, insulators, towers), shall be in accordance with
local regulations and laws. If neither laws nor local regulations prescribe limits for component tensions, several
international bodies recommend (NESC, CIGRE or EN) limits on the tension-stress of bare conductors and
other mechanical components as a percentage of the rated breaking strength of the conductor.
According to the design of the main structures and line elements, the diagram presented below could be used
as a reference. The geometric parameters considered for the design are:
• Cm Media span (meters).
• δ Deviation angle at the point of location of the tower
• K Dimensional altimetric constant, the value of this parameter is obtained with reference to the
figure 25 and it is obtained through the following equation:
ℎ1 ℎ2
𝐾𝐾 = + (1)
𝑎𝑎1 𝑎𝑎2
Figure 23 – Calculation to obtain altimetric constant (K).
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The working load diagram is the following:
Cm
Figure 24 – Working load Diagram - Example
Figure 26 establishes:
• In the drawing (Cm , δ), a group of P points that corresponds a total transversal action (T) no higher to
the one of the support calculations.
• In the drawing (Cm , K) field, a set of Q points that have a total vertical action (P) no higher than that of
the support calculation.
Formulas for the calculation are the following:
δ
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇𝑇 = 𝑣𝑣 ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚 + 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 � � ∙ 𝑇𝑇𝑜𝑜 + 𝑡𝑡 ∗
2
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑝𝑝 ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚 + 𝐾𝐾 ∙ 𝑇𝑇𝑜𝑜 + 𝑝𝑝 ∗
Where:
• v Push of the wind on the conductor per meter.
• p Weight of conductor per meter.
• t∗ Push of the wind on insulators and clamps
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• To Maximum horizontal tensile stresses
The supports/towers can be used if points (Cm,i , δi ) y (Cm,i , Κ i ) are included respectively in the transversal and
vertical fields in figure 26.
It is also necessary to check that the horizontal traction at 20/15° C in areas with altitudes ≤ 1000 [m] or 10° C
in zones > 1000 [m] EDS (Everyday Stress) does not exceed 20% of the breaking load of the concerned
conductor.
7.3.3 Tower Sets

The main function of the structure (support/tower) is to hold the weight of the cables, but also the design must
consider minimizing the possible impact of any conductor cutting. For the lattice steel tower see technical
specification GSCS001
Also, the design shall be cautious regarding the increase in mechanical stress on the conductor due to the
presence of strong wind gusts.
The conventional way of dealing with these situations is to propose a set of anchorage and suspension towers,
so the impact on safety is minimal.
The definition of the series must be guided according to technical-economic criteria. In general, these series
are composed in the following way:
• Simple circuit (SC): six (6) supports/towers. (See Figure 27).
o Five (5) suspension
o One (1) tension (anchorage)
• Double circuit (DC): five (5) supports/towers

o Four (4) suspension
o One (1) tension (anchorage)
Figure 25 – Simple circuit series – Anchorage-Tension (A) and Suspension (S)
The composition of the series may be modified according to the project.
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7.3.4 Connection to Existing HV Line

The schemes are indicated in Guideline GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0005 HV, MV and LV network development
technical criteria - ex GUI-E&C-ND-2022-0083-GIN - ex PL 28 4.
Figure 26 - Schemes HV Lines in Guideline GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0005 HV, MV and LV network development

technical criteria - ex GUI-E&C-ND-2022-0083-GIN - ex Policy 28.
The derivation of a new line from an existing one contemplates the following cases:
• Double derivation or input and output (Line In Line Out - LILO), of a simple circuit line, through single
tower, see figure 27
Figure 27 - Single circuit bypass scheme.
• Double derivation or input and output (LILO), of a simple circuit line, through two towers (see Figure
28), to be preferred in case the single tower maintenance will cause the derived substations to be de-
energized
4
In the Guideline GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0005 HV, MV and LV network development technical criteria - ex GUI-E&C-ND-
2022-0083-GIN - ex Policy 28 are indicated where the scheme can be adopted
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Figure 28 - Single circuit bypass scheme through two towers.
• Direct derivation from a double-circuit line. See figure 29.
Figure 29 - Double circuit bypass scheme.
• Derivation in transposition from a double-circuit line. See figure 30.
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Figure 30 - Circuit double derivation in transposition scheme
The circuit phases must not be crossed by other circuits. Where there is derivation from a double circuit, the
support will have the circuits arranged at different levels. This is valid when working with the energized line is
not possible.
7.3.5 Clearances, Crossing and Parallelism

The distance types given below determine the safety clearances between conductors and the objects near to
the line. For other electrical lines, the reference is to bare or covered conductors. The clearances indicated in
the local regulations must be considered mandatory.
The following safety clearances must be considered:
a) Distances to the ground (ground level).
b) Distances from roads and railways without electrification: The minimum height defined is between
conductors on the road level or on the heads of the rails in the case of unpowered railways.
c) Distances from electrified railways, tramways, and trolleybuses: Minimum height of the conductors of
the electrical lines on the cables or conductors of the contact line.
d) Distances from cableways: Minimum vertical distance between the conductors of the power lines and
the highest part of the conveyor cables.
e) Distances from navigable or floatable rivers: Minimum height of the conductors on the surface of the
water for the maximum level that can reach this, plus the gauge (G) that corresponds to the maximum
dimensions of the boats that can navigate. If G is not defined, a reference minimum value of 4.7 m
can be used.
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f) Passing through forests and woodlands: When flying over trees, a zone free of any vegetation will be
opened to avoid a fire, only if there is authorization from the competent body, establishing a zone of
protection of the line, which is defined by the zone of flight easement, increased by a safety distance.
g) Distance to buildings, and urban areas: Lines will not be built above buildings or industrial facilities.
h) Distances in crossings with electrical and telecommunication lines: It is necessary to ensure that the
crossing is carried out close to one of the supports of the highest line. The distance between the
conductors of the lower line and the parts closest to the supports of the upper one must comply with
the regulatory requirements of each country and/or region.
i) Crossing lines. Distances between conductors and between conductors and a ground wire. The
minimum distance must be considered between the conductors of both lines in the most unfavorable
conditions, and the distance between the ground wire of the lower line, if equipped, and the conductors
of the highest voltage line:
For the top-line conductors, the most unfavorable conditions of the maximum sag in the design and lower-line
conductors without overload and at the minimum temperature, depending on the area, shall be considered.
7.3.6 Foundations and Towers
7.3.6.1 Foundations
Geological studies, field and laboratory tests must be conducted to determine the geo-morphological
characteristics and bearing capacity of the soil. These studies are performed with a sample of the selected
points for the location of the structures (e.g., tower, poles).
Care must be taken with sites where the ground-water level is low, or the soil is highly prone to flooding, drying
and cracking.
The calculation of foundation sizing must be carried out, considering the results of the geological study, the
soil bearing capacity, the acidity characteristics, and others.
For the calculation and the foundation design, the maximum reactions to compression, traction and horizontal
cutters of the hypothesis of more severe workload must be obtained.
The type of foundation to be used must be in accordance with the type of soil found in a way that guarantees
the support and transfer to the soil of the mechanical stresses.
Preferably, the foundations will be of concrete and must comply with the mechanical requirements, due to the
weight of the tower and the conductor. In addition, it should -when necessary- consider the seismic
requirements of the area should be considered, where necessary.
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7.3.6.2 Towers
The towers or structures will be of the completely self-supporting steel lattice or steel pole types.
The use of tubular metallic poles is recommended where there are environmental constraints see technical
specification GSCS002. Examples of tubular steel poles are shown below:
Figure 31 – Examples of tubular steel poles
The steel material of the lattice towers should be according to the following standards: ASTM (American
Society for Testing and Materials) type A36 and type A572 GR50.
Structures must be designed to withstand the conditions of:
• Normal Load (Conductors in perfect conditions)
• Abnormal situations (Conductor breakage)
• Maintenance (working and assembly loads).
• Conductors laying loads.
The support structures used will be mainly for single or double circuits.
Figure 32 – Double Circuit Scheme- Reference
According to the structure function, they can be classified as follows:
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• Suspension: Support/Tower with insulation chains.

• Anchorage or tension: Support with insulation chains intended to provide a firm point on the line. Must
provide firm points in the line that limit the propagation of longitudinal efforts of exceptional character
(conductor breakage, wind gusts, etc.)
• Terminal (Beginning or end-line): The first and last supports of the line, with mooring isolation chains,
must support - in the longitudinal line direction - the mechanical load of all conductors and ground
wires in only one direction.
• Specials: Structures with a function different to the previously indicated.
In the cases of changes in line direction, angle supports, the structures must be designed as anchor supports,
not allowing new angle suspension supports.
During the execution works or for existing unmodified supports, small angles (< 5º) will be allowed in supports
with suspension chains, only if they can support the mechanical stresses to which they will be exposed.
In addition, the supports with mooring chains will always be designed as anchoring supports.
When structures are located adjacent to road intersections less than 1.5 [m] measured from the tower to the
edge of the road lane, the structures must be protected with properly marked concrete or steel road defenses.
7.3.7 Main Components
7.3.7.1 Conductors
The conductor technology to be used will be:
• Aluminum conductor steel reinforced (ACSR).
• Aluminum conductors, aluminum clad steel reinforced (ACSR/AW)
• High-Capacity Conductor (ACCC)
The characteristics will be defined in the respective technical specifications. The technical specifications
indicated in the section 4 of this document can be used as reference.
The minimum conductor cross-section must consider at least the following requirements:
• Required transmission power in MVA.
• Thermal capacity in normal operation conditions.
• Short circuit thermal capacity.
The main features and criteria for each conductor type are the following:
a) Aluminum with galvanized steel core (ACSR).
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Recommended in cases of areas with normal or light pollution. The main characteristics are shown in the
following table:
Section Aluminum Resistance

Steel wires Mass
mm2 wires at 20ºC
Type
Ø (Ω/km) Kg /km
Al Total Nº Nº Ø (mm)
(mm)
ACSR 157
135.2 156.9 26 2.57 7 2.00 0.2141 545
(Partridge)
ACSR 280 (Hawk) 241.7 281.1 26 3.44 7 2.68 0.1194 977
ACSR 380 (Gull) 337.3 381.0 54 2.82 7 2.82 0.0857 1275
ACSR 455 (Condor) 402.3 454.5 54 3.08 7 3.08 0.0718 1521

ACSR 547
487.5 547.3 54 3.38 7 3.38 0.0597 1831
(Cardinal)
Table 8 - Characteristics of aluminum conductors with steel core.
b) Aluminum with Aluminum-clad Steel core wire (ACSR/AW).
Recommended for high or very high saline pollution that may affect the steel.
This conductor may require greases, applied to both internal and external layers to improve its performance
against pollution.
The main characteristics are shown in the following table:
Section Aluminum Resistanc

Steel Wires e Mass
Type mm2 wires
at 20ºC
Al Total Nº Ø (mm) Nº Ø (mm) (Ω/km) kg /km
ACSR/AW 157
135.2 156.9 26 2.57 7 2.00 0.2031 520
(Partridge)
ACSR/AW 280 (Hawk) 241.7 281.1 26 3.44 7 2.68 0.1132 929
ACSR/AW 380 (Gull) 337.3 381.0 54 2.82 7 2.82 0.0821 1222
ACSR/AW 455 (Condor) 402.3 454.5 54 3.08 7 3.08 0.0688 1458

ACSR/AW 547
487.5 547.3 54 3.38 7 3.38 0.0572 1756
(Cardinal)
Table 9 - Characteristics of aluminum conductors, with steel core covered with aluminum.
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Figure 33 – ACSR/AW Conductor
c) High-Capacity Conductor:
"High-temperature low-sag HTLS" conductors can be used, when standard conductors do not allow: (i)
use of the existing towers (refurbishment), (ii) design restrictions and/or other special conditions. In any
case, a detailed prior study must be performed to valid the use of this conductor on each project.
The reference technical specification will be GSCH007 “High-Capacity Bare Conductors”.
It is recommended to use the following sections, if the project permits:
Area Total
Area
Name Aluminum area
(MCM)
(mm2) (mm2)
LINNET 336.4 170.60 198.40
DOVE 556.5 282.60 328.50
DRAKE 795 402.60 468.00
Table 10 - High-Capacity Conductor.
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Figure 34 – ACCC Conductor
7.3.7.2 Ground/Optic Fiber Cable

In new installations, an Optical Ground Wire (OPGW), must be installed see technical specification GSC005
in draft.
The mechanical and electrical characteristics of OPGW shall be defined in the respective technical
specification. The following Table 11 indicate the main characteristics for the OPGW.
OPGW CABLE
Number of fibers 48
Exterior cable diameter (mm) ≤ 13.9
RTS Resistance to the assigned traction (daN) > 5500
MAT Maximum permissible voltage (daN) > 2000
Calculated mass (kg/km) < 600
Elasticity module (daN/mm2) 9,000 < m < 14,000
Resistance to 20 0C in DC (Ω/km) < 0.45
Permissible operating temperature (0C) -30 to +70
Minimum short-circuit current for 0.3 s (kA) 17
Short-circuit temperature in aluminum (I2.t)(0C) +40 to + 210
Table 11 - Principal features OPGW standard
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7.3.7.3 Insulators
The insulators to be used in the HV power lines shall be of composite type (composite insulator) and the
characteristics shall be indicated in the global specification GSCH004 “Technical specification of HV composite
insulators (HVCI)”.
Figure 35 – Composite Insulators and Coupling Types
7.3.7.4 Hardware Fitting, Surge Arresters and Accessories.

a) Hardware fittings
Hardware fittings are the elements needed to secure the insulators to the support (tower/pole) and to the
conductor. Hardware fittings will be defined according to the corresponding local or regional technical
specifications.
The hardware fittings will consider an adequate performance against corona discharge, and they will be forged
steel, protected from oxidation by a hot dip galvanizing process.
High-capacity conductors require special hardware fittings that are compatible with this technology.
The principal hardware fittings are:
• Anchorage clamps that are screwed or compressed.

• Suspension clamps will be of the anti-corona discharge type (GSA). It is important to adhere to the
recommended tightening torque, which is designed to ensure a sliding load greater than 20% of the
conductor breaking load and to minimize compressive stresses on the conductor within acceptable
limits.
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b) Surge Arrester
This equipment should be considered for zones with lightning according to the relative keraunic level
(lightning/km2). The technical characteristics according to the global specification GSCH005 (Metal-oxide
polymer-housed surge arresters). In the event of any special requirement, it is possible to use local
specifications.
c) Accessories
The most important accessories are:

• Dampers: They are used to protect the conductors and ground wire from harmful effects and
premature fatigue breaks of their wires. These can produce mechanical vibration phenomena due to
the crossline component of winds with speeds between 1 and 10 m/s. Due to the practical impossibility
of determining the wind conditions in each span, the use of vibration dampers will always be adopted
to prevent these effects. The type and number of dampers to be placed, depends on the conductor
and its laying conditions, requires a study for each span. When two dampers are required per span,
one should be placed at each end.
• Separators: They are used to maintain the distance between conductors of a phase in a span. They
must be of aluminum alloy with good characteristics against corona effect. The tightening torque will
be specified by the manufacturer.
• Splices: The connection of conductors and ground wires shall be made with compressed joints, with
a mechanical strength at least equal to 95% of the breaking load of the cable and an electrical
resistance equal to or less than that of a cable of the same length.
• Marker Balls: These will be placed to highlight the presence of electric lines in areas with high air traffic
density, following the criteria:
o In intersections with highways, to prevent accidents of helicopters that run through them. Three
(3) marker balls will be installed on the line, the outside one on each road and the third one in the
middle between the two.
o In areas close to airports or with unusually high air traffic density, the balls shall be installed every
30 m on selected spans.
• Wire markers: Their function is to make land cables and conductors more visible to prevent bird
collisions. These shall be placed on phase and/or ground conductors, with an apparent diameter of
less than 20 mm, in a way that they generate a visual effect equivalent to a signal of no more than 10
m. Other solutions could be analyzed by the company.
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7.3.8 Grounding System

All transmission line structures must be individually connected to a grounding system. The scheme connection
to the tower/structure according to the ground resistivity measurements obtained. The grounding system
preferred will be “diffusion electrode”.
The diffusion electrode system considers two (2) copper ground rods. This system will be joint with clamps
and bare copper wires to the tower (pole) or through a thermo-fusion process. The upper end of the ground
shall be at least 0.8 m underground. At this depth, the connecting cables between the ground rods and the
support will also be included.
However, the visible part of the copper wire, up to the joint, must be protected, and he joint with the buried
ground rod will be covered with insulation paste to prevent moisture from oxidizing the bond. Other solutions
can be evaluated if there are local restrictions, regulations, or theft of materials.
To achieve these objectives, the design of the ground mesh must guarantee the safety of people, maintaining
the electrical potential within safety limits in the event of faults. The step and touch voltages must be maintained
under tolerable values for the human body and in accordance with local regulations.
8 ANNEXES
8.1 Grounding Boxes – Endesa/Spain
These boxes will be provided with an insulating and transparent screen that prevents accidental contact with
elements when the box is open. They will have a label in a visible place, showing the line to which, they belong
and the connection diagram. They will be identified by the standardized high voltage danger symbol on the
outside.
The maximum dimensions will be the following:
• Height: 850 mm.

• Width: 680 mm.
• Depth: 395 mm
They will be prepared for installation in the systems defined in Table 12.
Voltage U Screen section Icc 0.5 sec. [kA]

45 kV 50 mm2 9.3
66 kV 95 mm2 18
132 kV 120 mm2 23
Table 12: Sections and rated short circuit in the screen.
Depending on the installation location, there are two types:
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• Outdoor: prepared for fixing on towers and portico outdoors, with a cover that must be closed by
security padlock. They will comply with an IP55 degree of protection and an mechanical protection
IK10 degree against impacts according to EN 50102
• Underground: prepared for fixing at ground level and buried. The cover and body of the box must be
closed with stainless screws. They will comply with an IP68 degree of protection with the entire box at
one meter depth and IK10 degree of mechanical protection according to EN 50102.
8.2 Screen Connections – Endesa/Spain
a) Solidly bonded
The cable screens are connected to ground at both ends, forming a closed circuit and electromagnetically
linked to the circuit formed by the conductors, as shown in Figure 36.
Figure 36: Solidly bonded connection
In this type of connection, circulation currents are induced in the cable screens, causing losses due to heat,
resulting in losses in the admissible current of the cable. These losses can be minimized when the cables are
arranged in a triangle, however, they increase with their separation.
b) Specially bonded
Special connections have been developed to reduce the losses generated by the circulation currents to a
minimum. Some advantages can be:
• Smaller conductor sections for the same admissible current.

• They allow separation of the cables, reducing the heating effects due to their proximity to a
conventional connection.
They also present the following disadvantages:
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• Voltages appear on the cable screens, so they must be properly insulated.

• For safety reasons, it is important to establish a limit value for these voltages and therefore, SVLs must
be used on the screens to restrict the voltage reached, particularly in the transitory regime.
Special connections are advantageous for high currents. We can distinguish two types of special connections:
b.1) Single point
End point bonded
In this type of connection, the screens are connected to ground at one end of the line, while at the other points,
the screens are isolated from ground.
A screen that has been isolated from ground will have an induced voltage that is proportional to the length of
the circuit, to the current through the conductor and to the separation between cables. This voltage will have
a maximum value at the point farthest from the ground connection. Because the circuit is not closed, current
circulation through the screens is eliminated.
This connection type will be used for the lengths indicated in Table 13, to maintain the induced voltage at a
maximum value of 65V and for safety ("contact voltages"). The induced voltages on the screen have been
calculated with the cable at the maximum admissible current.
1 circuit 2 circuits
Voltage Section Induced Maximum allowed Induced Maximum
voltage length Voltage allowed length
400 mm2 Al 64.5 V/km 1007 m 54.6 V/km 1191 m
45 kV 800 mm2 Al 88.7 V/km 737 m 77.5 V/km 839 m
1000 mm Al2 92.9 V/km 700 m 77.3 V/km 841 m
630 mm2 Al 74.8 V/km 869 m 62.9 V/km 1034 m
66 kV 2
1000 mm Al 88.7 V/km 733 m 74.1 V/km 877 m
2
630 mm Al 73.8 V/km 881 m 61.5 V/km 1057 m
132 kV
1200 mm2 Al 93.5 V/km 695 m 76.9 V/km 846 m
Table 13: Maximum lengths allowed for connections "end point bonded".
In this type of connection, it is necessary to put an additional ground continuity cable for the fault currents,
which will normally return through the screen cable.
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Figure 37: Single point connection
Mid point bonded
When the length of the route is too long to use a ground connection at only one end, the ground connection
can be made at a midpoint of the circuit.
Thus, the cable is connected to ground at a midpoint of the route and isolated from ground by an SVL at each
end. The length of the route is doubled with respect to the previous section
1 circuit for trench 2 circuits for trench

Voltage Section Induced Maximum Induced Maximum
Voltage allowed length Voltage allowed length
400 mm2 Al 64.5 V/km 2015 m 54.6 V/km 2382 m
45 kV 800 mm2 Al 88.7 V/km 1474 m 77.5 V/km 1678 m
1000 mm2 Al 92.9 V/km 1400 m 77.3 V/km 1682 m
630 mm2 Al 74.8 V/km 1737 m 62.9 V/km 2068 m
66 kV
1000 mm2 Al 88.7 V/km 1466 m 74.1 V/km 1755 m
630 mm2 Al 73.8 V/km 1762 m 61.5 V/km 2113 m
132 kV
1200 mm2 Al 93.5 V/km 1391 m 76.9 V/km 1691 m
Table 14: Maximum lengths allowed for connections "midpoint bonded".
b.2) Cross bonded
The cross bonded connection consists essentially of distributing the cable screens into elementary sections,
called minor sections, and crossing the screens in such a way that the total voltage induced in three
consecutive smaller sections is neutralized. Three smaller sections together make up a larger section.
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The route is divided into groups of three equal lengths, which ensures that the system is electrically balanced,
with the screens earthed at the two ends of each major section but not at all other points, as can be seen in
Figure39. In this way, a voltage is induced between the screen and ground, but induced currents are eliminated
The three screens connected in series are associated with conductors of different phases, and when the cables
are in a triangle, their current, and therefore the voltages induced in the screens, have the same magnitude
and are offset by 120º in balanced operation. The net result is that the voltage at the ends and the induced
current in the larger section, and in all three screens, are equal to zero.
This type of connection does not require a ground continuity cable.
With this connection of screens, the admissible current of the circuit can be increased considerably, particularly
for conductors of very large section. This system can be applied to long lengths.
However, at the points where the screens are connected and where this connection is accessible, the induced
voltages may not exceed 65 V.
Figure 38: Cross bonded connection
b.3) Combinations of special connections
When the total length of the circuit is not sufficient to perform full screen crossings, it will be possible to cross
the screens and the connection to ground at a single point each. In this case, the ground connection will
preferably be made at one end of the circuit, leaving the screen crossing in the middle of the route.
However, at the points where the screens are connected and this connection is accessible, the voltages
induced on the screens may not exceed 65 V.
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8.3 Electrical Tables - ENDESA Spain
Short-circuit values in Table 15, for a time of 0.5 seconds, according to the values obtained from the
calculations described in UNE 21192.
Icc
Section (mm2 )
kA Time
400 Al 53
630 Al 84
800 Al 106 0.5 seconds
1000 Al 133
1200 Al 160
Table 15: Maximum permissible short-circuit in standardized conductors
1 circuit 2 circuits
Voltage Section Rigid
Special Rigid connection Special
(kV) (mm2) connection to
Connections to ground Connections
ground
400 Al 472A 537A 415A 473A
45 800 Al 647A 796A 563A /694A
1000 Al 710A 890A 615A 776A
630 Al 558A 697A 485A 611A
66
1000 Al 661A 880A 572A 767A
630 Al 554A 695A 477A 606A
132
1200 Al 701A 989A 597A 854A
Table 16: Maximum current in continuous operation
Based on this criterion, the rated current and powers in continuous operation have been calculated, reflected
in Tab.17
1 circuit for trench 2 circuits for trench

Voltage Section Rigid Rigid
Special Special
(kV) (mm2) connection to connection to
Connections Connections
ground ground
400 Al 40MVA / 514A 45MVA / 584A 34MVA / 439A 39MVA / 500A

45
66
132
Table 17: Maximum current in cyclic operation (summer).
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8.4 Maximum difference admissible of buried cable vs cable in pipe
Cable 36/66 kV 1x1000 Al - H95 Cu -- 1 Circuit
Maximum current in continuous operation
Circuit in tube
circuit
Directly buried
Screen Connection embedded in
Circuit ∆ I admissible
Concrete
(embedded v/s
buried)
Direct 795.47 760.56 663.06 -16.65%
Single Point 863.26 826.03 897.05 3.91%
Cross Bonding 859.16 822.07 882.18 2.68%
52

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INTERNAL

Guideline Code: GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0011

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

THE HEAD OF GLOBAL NETWORK DESIGN

Giovanni Battista FRANZONE

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

1 DOCUMENT AIMS AND APPLICATION AREA

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS TO BE IMPLEMENTED AT COUNTRY LEVEL

Version Data Main changes description

Issuing of “Design and Construction - HV Lines” Guideline

3 UNITS IN CHARGE OF THE DOCUMENT

Responsible for drawing up the document:

• Enel Grids: Engineering and Construction/ Network Design unit

Responsible for authorizing the document:

• Enel Grids: Head of Quality unit

• Code of Ethics of Enel Group;

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

*not issued yet

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

• UNE 133100-2 Infraestructuras para redes de telecomunicaciones;

5 ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS POSITION IN THE PROCESS TAXONOMY

Value Chain/Process Area: Engineering and Construction

Macro Process: Network Engineering

Process: Network Design

6 DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS

Acronym and Key words Description

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

7.1 GENERAL FEATURES

7.1.1 Service Conditions

HV LINES - INFRASTRUCTURE & NETWORK

ITALY ROMANIA IBERIA BRAZIL COLOMBIA CHILE ARGENTINA PERU

HV Lines Voltage 132-110-66-50- 220- 220-66-

Seismic zone Yes No Yes No Yes

7.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION – UNDERGROUND CABLES

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

A path will be chosen according to the following criteria:

Figure 1: Curve Ratio

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

D is the horizontal or vertical displacement that needs to be achieved, in meters.

7.2.2 HV Cable and accessories

• Required transmission power in MVA.

In addition, Guideline GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0005 HV, MV and LV network development technical criteria - ex

The cable cross-sections to be used are as follows:

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

630 – 800 – 1000 – 1200 – 1600 - 2000

Table 2: Cable. Cross-sections.

Figure 2: HV Underground Cable - Components.

In the Annex 11.1, some principal values as reference are indicated.

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

50 – 95 – 120 – 160 – 200 - 240

Table 3: Screen Sections

Cable maximum temperature in (°C)

Table 4: Maximum permissible temperatures in the cable in °C

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

• Pre-molded with composite material insulator

Figure 3: Pre-molded Terminal

2) GIS or SF6 Terminations

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

Pre-molded one piece X X

Pre-molded three pieces X

Table 5: Joints for level voltage

Subject: Design and construction HV lines guidelines

Figure 4: Pre-molded Joint