Renaissance Period

 Great cultural movement that began in Italy

 Spread in England, Germany, Netherlands
and Spain
 1.Latin word renascere means act of being
reborn
CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY – culture of ancient
Greece and Rome
HUMANISM – most significant intellectual
movement of the renaissance
2. HUMANISTS – scholars and artist who studied
subjects that they believed would help them
better understand the problems of humanity
Subject Include : Literature / Philosophy
- civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome
To Study: (principal concern)
1. 3. Philology – the science of meaning and
history of words
2. History – study of great actions taken by
courageous noble, wise man

ITALIAN HUMANISM
Renaissance began in Italy 4.
Italy – home of Greco - Roman culture and
tradition
 1. Academic Freedom – imposed by intuitions
such as church, guilds, lords and monasteries
 2. Abundant living – develop a versatile
individual
 3. Liberal Education – have well rounded
personality
AGENCIES OF EDUCATION
1. Lower or Elementary Schools – for
beginners
2. Secondary or Court Schools – equivalent to
colleges later become preparatory schools
3. Universities – value of humanistic
 1. Lecture – minimize because of more books
 2. Writing themes – skill in writing
 3. Self-expression
 4. Thinking
 5. Mental and Physical Activity
 6. Alternation of Subject
 7. Discipline
CONTRIBUTIONS 8-10
1. Establishment of secondary schools
2. Modern academic freedom
3. Individual differences
2 characteristics
1. Piety of brethren as represented(work of
Kemphis 12)
2. Works of Desiderius Erasmus 11
- leading priest and scholar
- leading Christian humanist
AIMS OF NORTHERN HUMANISM
▪ Social
▪ Religious and Moral
▪ Literacy ( wipe out ignorance)
▪ Democratic
▪ Elementary schools
▪ Secondary school (only male)
▪ Universities (only male)

CONTENTS:
▪ Biblical and Classical Literature
▪ Church Catechism
▪ Hebrew language
▪ History, Geography, Science
▪ Ciceronianism
▪ Memorization
▪ Rules of grammar
▪ Excessive formalism
▪ Religious indoctrination
▪ Humanistic elements
CONTRIBUTIONS
▪ Class-a-year practice
▪ Social education
 Religiousmovement that led Protestantism
MARTIN LUTHER – German monk, protested
against certain practices of Roman Catholic
church 16.f
CAUSES OF REFORMATION
o RELIGIOUS CAUSES 17. t
• Corrupt financial practices
• Religious life of church
• Sacrament celebrated meaninglessly
o CULTURAL CAUSES
• People outside clergy gained education
• Study of Greek and Hebrew to read and
understand Bible
o POLITICAL CAUSES
• Kings were increasing their power over people.
Pope, emperor
o ECONOMIC CAUSES
• cities grew wealthy and independent
o DEVELOPMENT OF REFORMATION
• Begin with Catholic church itself(Oct. 31,
1517) 18. t
• Martin Luther posted 95 thesis on door of
church 19. f
 Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther and
declare him heretic (1521) 20.f
 Edict of worms(declare Luther to be an
outlaw)
 John Calvin (French protestant establish
Protestantism in Switzerland) 21
 Philip Melanchton “teacher of Germany” 22.
AIMS
1. Religious Moralism – worthy life
2. Protestant Ethic – industrious, thrifty
3. Literacy Promotion – curriculum based on
ancient Greek
 1. Vernacular school – compulsory
 2. Secondary school – reformation gained its
greatest stride
 3. University school – training future leaders
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION
1. Ciceronianism 23
2. Memorization – routine pronunciation
3. Excessive formalism
4. Religious Indoctrination
 Generally given to renewal movement in
Catholic church
MAIN FORMS 24-25
1. Rebirth of faith
2. Reasseessment of principles by church
leaders
AIMS/METHODS
1. Religious Moralism and complete obedience
2. Leadership training (Jesuits)
3. Education of poor (Christian brothers
4. Spiritual salvation (Jansenists)
 1.Elementary schools – organized by Christian
brothers
 2. Secondary schools
 3. Higher schools
CONTRIBUTIONS
1. Saxony plan (development school system)
2. Class-a-year plan
3. Vernacular elementary school